314 



THE POPULAE EDUCATOE. 



of two blacksmiths fall on an anvil. Below the gizzard is a 

 globular or elongated stomach, which is succeeded in some 

 species by a narrow intestine, but in the one before us ends at 

 once in a cloaca, from which the exit is at the forked tail end 

 of the animal. Bound glands, supposed to represent the liver, 

 empty themselves into the fore-part of the stomach. From the 

 cloaca two winding ducts pass up, one on each side of these, and 

 doubtless represent the water-vascular system which introduces 

 aerated water from the outside. On these ducts, fastened by 

 short stalks, are some little button-like organs, which are kept 

 in rapid vibration ; but their use is not known. The outer 

 wall of the animal is often of an inflexible or little flexible 

 material, which may be called a shell. This preserves the 

 flask-shaped body in its ordinary dimensions, and gives origin to 

 muscles which run to, and can retract into the shell, the disc 

 at one end of the body, and also the forceps by which the animal 

 attaches itself at the other end. The hind-part of these creatures 

 is usually divided into rings, which, together with the struc- 

 ture of the stomach, show an approach to the Crustacean type. 



We must content ourselves with this short notice of the 

 Rotatoria, and leaving them, return to the next class, which 

 follows directly to the Annelids in the upward direction. If we 

 wished to give to a sea-worm the powers of living in the air, 

 and walking on the earth with as little change in its outward 

 form as possible, we must, in the first place, replace its tufts 

 of bristles by limbs which are directed downwards towards the 

 earth. These limbs must have a hard point, to strike against 

 and lay hold upon the unevennesses of the ground ; and in order 

 that the hold might be maintained while the body is being 

 moved over the point of support, the limb must be jointed. 

 Inflexible levers, with fixed points of application, necessitate 

 fixed solid and resisting fulcra and firm structure, from whence 

 the mussles which wield them may originate. Now the class 

 Myriapoda, the members of which live in the air, differs from 

 that of the Annelids, as far as their outward appearance and 

 appendages are concerned, just in the way which these require- 

 ments indicate. The outer wall of the body is of a hard, horny 

 substance, which, though not quite so inflexible as the mail in 

 which the insect is encased, is still vastly harder than the 

 integument of the worm. The limbs, also, are jointed levers. 

 Besides these advances in structure, the organs of perception 

 are better developed. The feelers stretch in front of the head, 

 and are long and jointed. The eyes differ from those of insects 

 in being simple instead of compound ; but there are many of 

 them gathered into two clusters on each side of the head. It 

 might well be predicted that life in the air would require 

 differences in the organs of respiration quite as marked as those 

 in the organs of relation. The tufts of vessels which served 

 as gills to the worms, could not be floated out in the air so as 

 to expose the contained fluid to its oxygen, and they would be 

 liable to be torn or bruised. Hence respiration is carried on 

 upon an entirely different plan, the air being introduced into 

 the body.jthere to act on its fluid, instead of the fluids being 

 taken to it. In the illustration, we have taken pains to exhibit 

 the openings in the sides or under the animal, by which the air 

 is received into the body; but we intend to leave the full 

 description of these, and of the great system of air-vessels 

 which is called the tracheal system, to be described when we 

 write of the class Insecta, in which it is more largely developed. 



Another marked difference between the Myriapoda and the 

 Annelids is exhibited in the circulatory or blood system. This 

 system, instead of being an advance upon that of the worms, 

 seems to be a degradation from it; for instead of a closed 

 circuit of vessels which convey the blood in a definite direction, 

 and never permit it to escape from their bounds, we have only 

 a heart stretching along the back of the animal, divided into a 

 longitudinal series of compartments by valves which allow the 

 blood to pass towards the head only, while it is received from 

 the general cavity of the body by slits in the sides of these 

 compartments. Only a few vessels are given off from the front 

 part of the heart to run to the head organs, and the blood 

 is left to find its way back to the heart, not by vessels, but by 

 soaking through spaces left between the viscera. 



The class Myriapoda has been divided into two orders, each 

 of which is typically represented in the engraving. The type 

 of the lower order is the Julus. Its body is an almost perfect 

 cylinder. Each ring of which it is composed bears on its under 

 eurface two pairs of feeble legs, which are so small as to be 



invisible when one is looking down on to the back of the animal. 

 The generative organs open on the under side of the fore-part 

 of the body, and it feeds on decaying wood. 



The other order has the Scolopendra for its type. The trans- 

 verse section of this animal is of oblong form, and exhibits a 

 flattened structure; the broad, horny back and belly plates 

 being joined to one another on each side by leathery side-pieces, 

 on which the limbs are set, and the breathing-holes open. The 

 jaws of this creature are most formidable, and a poison-bag 

 within the body sends a very noxious secretion by a duct to the 

 end of the fang. These creatures are carnivorous, and rapid 

 in their movements, and their generative organs open at the 

 end of the body, being in this respect, as in all others, more 

 like the insects than the JuUdce. 



LESSONS IN GERMAN. XXXIII. 



SECTION LXIV. VARIOUS IDIOMS (continued). 

 llmbjn (around there) is used only in connection with fonnen, as : 

 3d; fonnte ntd;t umljin, e3 tljm ju fagen, I could not (get) around, i.e., I 

 could not help, or avoid, telling it to him. 3d; fyabe ntctyt unu)tn 

 gefonnt, e8 jit tfc.un, I could not help doing it, I could not but do it. 



1. pajtcren (to take a walk, to take an airing) signifies, in 

 union with geben, fa^rcn, reiten, fiityrcn, to take a walk, to take the 

 air in a coach, to ride out, or take the air on horseback, to lead 

 about, or on a walk ; as -. Sine tunte te Sage? auSgenommen, in 

 ctd;cr er fcine <3d;n)cfter fpajicren fuJjrt, ftfct cr beinalje immcv an feinem 

 @d;rcibtifd;e unb flutirt, njdfyrcnt fein jungerer SBrubcr lieber fpajieren ge6.t, 

 fpajicrcn rcttct, oter in efellfd;aft etntger Sreunte fpajteren fafytt, one hour 

 of the day excepted, in which he takes his sister for a walk, he 

 is almost always sitting at his writing-desk and studying, while 

 his younger brother prefers to go for a walk, to ride on horse- 

 back, or to take a drive in company with a few friends. 



2. ilfyim (to do) is in some phrases used impersonally, as : 

 G - S tfyut md)t3, it does or effects nothing, i.e., it is no matter. Gfo 

 tf;ut ytcty, it is necessary. 



3. SBefiute and bewofyrc, or ott beB.ute, ott bewaljre, are often used, 

 especially in conversation, to denote aversion, abhorrence, fear, 

 etc., and may commonly be rendered, " God forbid." 



2lrg, bad. 



SluS'biltung, /. culti- 

 vation, education. 



aScfyanblung, /. treat- 

 ment. 



Setei'bigen, to offend. 



23cmer'fen, to observe. 



9?en)ci'fcn> to prove. 



S3emer'bcn (ftcfj), to sue 

 for. 



33licf, m. look, glance. 



sBriifien (ftd;), to be 

 proud, to show airs 



(Sutgafl, m. guest 

 (under cure). 



2)anfen, to thank. 



(Sntfne'fycn, to flee. 



(hittocn'ben, to purloin 



rojj ttyun, to boast, 

 brag. 



RESUME OF 



S'S ifl eine cortreff'ficfce @ad;e, feine 

 SSeturf niffe ju 6. aben ; cter tocnn 

 man nun cinmal nidjl unu)in' 

 fann, ci'nige ju fyabcn, tod; 'mt'-- 

 nigflenS mc$t me6,r u I;aben, ate 

 man fc&led; 'terbing? b;abcn muji. 



S tljut freitid; fur ten 2lu'genbticf 

 ttietye, eine 3ud;'tigung gu erfta!'* 

 ten, tic hnt nidjt uerttent' 6,aben ; 

 aber tnbcm' fair un3 unfrer lln 

 fd;ulb crin'nern, terncn nnr fdjnefl 

 tn (Jrlit'tene Bergeffen. 



Sntem' er aber alfo getad/te, fteb,e, 

 ba erfd;ten' ifi, m ein 



VOCABULARY. 



fcin'toenben (ftd;), to 

 turn to. 



3ntem', in that, while. 



Sta'Uen, n. Italy. 



-ftenntmf), /. know- 

 ledge. 



Sftic'tetftnfen, to sink 

 down. 



Ofm'mad;ttg, weak, 

 swooning, fainting 



$anjern, to arm with 

 a coat of mail. 



^Katte, /. plate, crown 

 (top). 



SJcnntB. ier, n. reindeer. 



<2d;tttten, m sledge. 



@d;ncl('tgfeit, /. rapi- 

 dity. 



Satel, in. blame, cen- 



au'nugebtrge, n. the 

 Taunus moun- 

 tains, a mountain 

 range near the 

 Rhine. 



Um^tn'fonnen. (See 

 above.) 



llngtaub'lid;, incredi- 

 ble. 



iBcrfa'gen, to refuse. 



SSor'fafctid;, intention- 

 ally, [room. 



2Bnnb, /. wall (of a 



2Benben, to turn. 



ffiStff'enfcftaftlid;, scien- 

 tifically. 



3'i'bringen, to spend, 

 pass away. 



3u'trfigfid;, advantage- 

 ous, conducive to. 



EXAMPLES. 



It is an excellent affair to have 

 no necessities ; or, if one can- 

 not by any means avoid having 

 some, nevertheless, at least, 

 not to have more than one is 

 absolutely obliged to have. 



It causes pain, indeed, for the 

 moment, to receive a correc- 

 tion that we have not me- 

 rited ; but while we remem- 

 ber our innocence, we soon 

 learn to forget what we have 

 suffered. 



While he thus thought, how- 

 ever, behold there appeared 

 an angel unto him. 



