322 



THE POPULAE EDUOATOE. 



rather like that of a small m enlarged into a capital with loops 

 at bottom, as employed often by ourselves when writing Mr., 

 or Mrs., or Messrs. It consists of an oval loop commencing 

 with a hair-stroke on the left, becoming thick and curved as it 

 turns round from left to right, and becoming again a hair-stroke 

 in the same direction aa before, but lower, in order to form the 

 complete loop. The second is the body of the letter I, which 

 is the same in German as in English handwriting; and the 

 third is like the ordinary pot-hooks of our text-hand, tapered at 

 the commencement of their formation. 



The capital letter A is formed of the first elementary leg 

 inverted, and the third added to it with a small loop joining the 

 two together. It is, in fact, the small a enlarged, with round 

 instead of angular turns at top and bottom. The capital letter 

 B is formed of the second elementary leg, with a loop at top 

 and bottom, the whole being made like our capital writing letter 

 L, with a small loop terminating the last hair-stroke exactly 

 like our small writing b. The letter C is exactly like our letter 

 L in writing, with a small hook placed at the top loop. The 

 letter D is more like the form .& of the Greek letter th, or theta, 

 than anything we know. It scarcely deserves the name of a 

 letter, being a mere nourish of the pen. The letter E is like 

 our manuscript C with its lower half written below the line, 

 and crossed by a curve, indicating the separation of the loop 

 and the scroll. The letter J? is the second elementary leg with 

 a small hook at the top, and crossed in the middle with a fine 

 hair-stroke. The letter Gr is formed of the first elementary leg 

 inverted, with the second attached to it by a small loop at the 

 top, and lengthened below the line like our own G. It is, in 

 fact, like the small letter g enlarged, with the angular turn of 

 its elementary leg rounded. The letter H is like our capital 

 G inverted, with a small loop between the top and bottom parts 

 of it. The letters I and J are like our own letters of similar 

 name, sound, and position in the alphabet. The letter K is 

 like our R badly shaped, and having a small hook at the top of 

 the middle stroke. The letter jj is exactly like our own. The 

 letter M consists of the first elementary leg doubled, and the 

 third attached to the second by a small hook at the top. The 

 letter N is of the same form, excepting that the first leg is not 

 doubled. The letter O is the first part of the letter A, with 

 a small loop at top. 



The letter P is very like the P used by us in writing the 

 word per, in per cent., per pound, etc., only the top is round, 

 and the final loop is more marked. The letter O is like the 

 letter Q, with the bottom sharpened, and the hair-stroke from 

 it turned the contrary way. It is sometimes made like the 

 letter O with a hook attached to it at the bottom. The letter 

 R is very like our own, only its first part consists of the first 

 elementary leg. The letter S consists of the first elementary 

 leg, terminating in a small hook or curve at top. The letter T 

 consists of the letter I terminated squarely at the bottom, and. 

 near that point crossed by the elementary leg of the small 

 alphabet from left to right. The letter U consists of a double 

 pot-hook, to which is attached the third elementary leg by a 

 small loop at top. The letters V and W are only the letters 

 of the small alphabet enlarged, with the angular turns rounded 

 like the first two in the letter M. The letter X is exactly like 

 our own. The letters Y and Z are like the small .letters y 

 and 2 enlarged, with their angular turns rounded. 



LESSONS IN GEEEK XI. 



THE THIRD DECLENSION (continue"!) . 

 I MUST now direct your attention to nouns ending in -rjc, -fQ; -we 

 (gen. -woe), -we and -w (gen. -ooe), and in-ae (gen. -aoe),-oe (gen. 

 -toe). The stem of these words ends in <r; the <r remains at 

 the end and before a consonant, but disappears in the middle 

 between two vowels. In the dative plural one <r disappears; 

 for example, 6 QMQ, a jackal, rote Ow.m. 



Of these words, let us consider first those which end in -rjc, 

 -t. The terminations -)je (m. and f.), -te (n.)> belong only to 

 adjectives, and to proper names terminating in adjective forms 

 in -vr]C) -^n> -ytvnQ, -Kpanjej-/*>J<5?e, -TTfiQriQ^aQtvric, and (-icXe^e) 

 .K\f)Q. The neuter presents the pure stem. 



The words of this class suffer contraction in all the cases, 

 except the nominative and vocative singular, and the dative 

 plural, after dropping the a. The words ending in -K\I rjQ being 

 contracted into -K-X^ej again undergo contraction in the dative 



singular. Learn both the contracted and the uncontracted 

 forms I am about to give of 6, ft <ra</>?;s, clear, TO o-cKpes, and 

 , a trireme, or galley with three banks of rowers. 



Singular. Plural. 



| Nom. 6, i) (TOKpijs, TO traces ; (<ra<pe-es) ffcuptis, (ffcupfa) ffcuprj. 

 Gen. (<ra<peos) (rcupovs ; ((Ta^e-aw) aaipSiv. 



Dat. (o"a<p6-t) <ra^>e?; <ra<j>e<ri. 



Ace. (<r(pe-a) <ra<p$, traces ; (<ra<pe-cw) <ra^?s, (o-a<pe-a)o-a<prj. 



Voc. craves, traces ; (<ra<pe-es) travels, (<ra<p-a) <ra^ 



Dual. 



N.A.V. <ra(pe-e, cra<prj. 

 G.D. ffafyt-oiv, ercupotv. 



Singular. Plural. 



Nom. 7] Tptrtpris, (rptrjpe-es) Tpirjpeis. 



Gen. (rpirjpe-os) Tpinpovs, Tptfipe-cav and Tptrip<oi>. 



Dat. (rpojpe-i) Tpiypei, Tpirjpf-ffi. 



Ace. (Tpiripf-a) Tpir,pr), (Tpir)pe-as) Tpttjpeis. 



Voc. rptTjpes, (Tptrjpe-es) Tptrjpeis. 



Dual. 



N.A.V. . Tpir)pf-e and 

 G.D. TpiTfpf-oiv and 



I subjoin the declension of the proper names 

 Socrates, and HepiKkerjs, Pericles ; as strictly proper names, they 

 are found only in the singular. 



Nom. 2a>KpaT7;s. (IIepiKA.eijs) 



Gen. 'SdiKpa.Tovs. (TlepiK\e(-os) 



Dat. ~S.uKpa.Tfi. (TlepiK\ef-i) (nepiK\eei) TlepiK\fi. 



Ace. 2o>/cpaT7j. (TlpiK\ff-a) HepiK\eoL. 



Voc. 2a>KpaTe<r. (IltpjicAees) IIepj/cA.ets. 

 Mark the contraction in the dual of Tpirjpet into Tpiijprj, and 

 not into the usual form in -ei. 



In adjectives in -je> ., when these terminations are preceded 

 by a vowel, fa is commonly contracted into a, as in the proper 

 noun HfpiK\fd, and not into n, as iu aa<j>ea, aa^ij for example, 

 aic\67]S, uurenowned, makes aicXtia into a/cXf a, in the masculine 

 and feminine accusative singular, and in the neuter nomina- 

 tive, accusative, and vocative ; so vytrjc forms vyia. 



Proper names of this termination, as well as AjOTje , Mars, in 

 the accusative singular, follow the first as well as the third 

 declension, and are therefore denominated heteroclite, (that is 

 of different declensions) ; accordingly we have both Swic/oarjj and 

 SwKparrjv. But in those ending in -*cX7je> the accusative in -r\v 

 is not Attic, and therefore not allowable. 



1. A! 2o0oicXoz;e rpayydiai KoXat tiaiv. 2. Tov Swicpctrq tin 

 T-Q <ro(pia 9avfJM%ofj,ev. 3. SwKpam TroXXoi /^a0?jrai tiaiv. 4. 'H 

 IvSiKr/ iraoa re rove TTOTO/JLOVS rove fXwdae roirovq <f>ipu 

 KaXa/zove TroXXoyf. 5. Aeyt ra a\t]6rj, w Trai. 6. Avaayopoe, 

 6 (To^iffrjje, ciSaaicaXoe rjv UepucXtove. 7. Q 'HpaicXtte, rote 

 aTw%tai acorripiav irapf^f 8. EirannvuvSa -jrarooQ nv atyavovQ. 

 9. E\eipt rov arv\rj avdpuTOV. 10. OptytaOt, w vtavia, aXrjQwv 

 Xoywv. 11. Oi a/cpef-cie aiff^pav SovXsiav SovXtvovcrtv. 



EXERCISE 36. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. Socrates had (in Greek, to Socrates was) wonderful wisdom. 

 2. Pity unfortunate men. 3. We pity unfortunate men. 4. 

 Many youths were disciples of Socrates. 5. Socrates had (in 

 Greek, to Socrates was) much wisdom. 6. They admire the 

 wisdom of Socrates. 7. The immoderate (man) serves a shameful 

 servitude. 8. We admire the beautiful tragedies of Sophocles. 

 9. True words are believed. 10. 1 pity the life of immoderate 

 men. 11. Have not intercourse with immoderate men. 



