350 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XXIY. 



REGULAR VERBS. THE FIRST CONJUGATION. 

 PASSIVE VOICE. 



EXAMPLE. Amor, 1, I am loved. 



Chief Parts : Amor, amatus sum, amari. 



Characteristic letter, A long. 



PARTS WITH THE CORRESPONDING ENGLISH. 



Ind. Pres. Sub. Pres, Ind. Imp. Sub. Imp. 



Latin. Amor, Amer, Amabar, Amarer, 



English. I am loved. I may be loved. I was lowed. I might be loved. 



1 F ut 



Latin. Amabor, 



English. I shall be loved. 



2 Fut. Ind. Per/. Sub. Per/. 



X-o.tin. Amatus ero, Amatus sum, Amatus siin, 



English. I shall have been loved. I have been loved. I may liave been loved. 



Ind. Plup. Sub. Plup. Inf. Pres. 



Latin. Amatus cram, Amatus essem, Amari, 



English. I had been loved. 



J might have been loved. 



to be loved. 



Inf. Per/. 



Latin. Arnatum esse, 

 English, fo have been loved. 



Inf. Fut. Imp. Past Part. Fut. Part, in-dus. 



Latin. Amatum iri, Amare, Amatus, Amandus, 



English, to be about to be loved, be thou loved, loved. ought to be loved. 



After what has been said, the corresponding 1 English and 

 Latin signs will easily be deduced by the student ; thus of the 

 present, the Latin sign is or, the English be loved ; in the sub. 

 imp. the Latin sign is rer, the English might be. 



Compare together the forms in the active voice and the 

 forms in the passive voice, and carefully notice how they differ, 

 and how the one may be changed into the other that is, the 

 active into the passive, and the passive into the active. 



Eemark that the English I am loved, he is loved, etc., denoteo 

 a present act, equivalent to this, they or you love me, they are 

 loving me, loving me now ; such is the force of amor with its 

 several persons. It is thus contrasted with amatus sum, which, 

 if translated literally, would seem to mean, I am loved, but 

 which is a past tense and signifies J have been loved. Mark 

 jarefully that amatus sum (es, est, etc.) is a past tense ; learner 

 are apt to construe it as a present tense. The Latin verb has, 

 in strict speech, no perfect tense of the passive voice, though it 

 can express a perfect passive act. That expression it effects by 

 a periphrasis (a Greek word equivalent to the Latin circum- 

 locution, or roundabout way of speaking) ; thus it uses the passive 

 participle, and parts of the verb esse, to be: for instance, 

 amatus sum, J have been loved; amatus sim, I may have been 

 loved; amatus eram, I liad been loved, etc. The participle 

 amatus, of course, undergoes the variation of declension, so as 

 to agree with the pronoun or noun connected with it. 

 _ The inf. fut. pass, is formed by the aid of the passive infini- 

 tive of eo, I go, as amatum iri, to go to be loved, that is, to be 

 about to be loved. 



MOODS, TENSES, ETC., OF A REGULAR VERB OP THE FIRST 



CONJUGATION, PASSIVE VOICE. 



PRESENT TENSE. 



Indicative. Subjunctive. Imperative. Infinitive. Participlt. 



Indicative. Subjunctive. Imperative. Injinitive. Participle. 



PERFECT TENSE. 



Amatus sum. Amatus sim. Anjatum Amaius, 



Amatus es. Amatus sis. [esse. 



Amatus cst. Amatus sit. 



Amati sumus. Ainafi simus. 



Amati estis. Amati sitis. 



Amati sunt. Amati Bint. 



PLUPERFECT TENSE. 



Amatus eram. Amatus essem. 

 Amatus eras. Amatus esses. 

 Amatus erat. Arnatus esset. 

 Amati eramus. Amati essemus. 

 Amati eratis. Amati essctis. 

 Amati erant. Amati essent. 



SECOND FUTURE TENSE. 



Amatus ero. 



Amatus eris. 



Amatus erit. 



Amati erimus. 



Amati erltis. 



Amati erunt. 



INSTANCES. Form according to these examples the following 

 verbs; namely, honoro, 1, I honour; corono, 1, I crown; and 

 judico, 1, I judge. 



VOCABULARY. 



Sng. 

 Plu. 



Plu. 



Sing 

 Plu. 



Sing. Amor. 



Amdris. 



Amdtur. 

 Plu. Amdmur. 



Amdmini. 



Amantur. 



Sing. Amabar. 



Amdbaris. 



Amdbatur. 

 Plu. Amabdmur. 



Amabdmini. 



Amabantur. 



Sing. Amabor. 



AmdWris. 



AmdMtur. 

 Plu. AmdMmur. 



Amdbtmini. 



Amabu'.itur. 



Amer. 



Ameris. 



Ametur. 



Amemur. 



Amemini. 



Anaentur. 



Amdre or amdtor. Amari. 

 Amdtor. 



[dminor. 



Amdmini or am- 

 Amantor. 



IMPERFECT TENSE. 



Amdrer. 



Amdreris. 



Amaretur. 



Amaremw. 



Amaremini. 



Amarentur. 



FIRST FUTTTKE TENSE. 



Amatum 

 iri. 



Amandus. 



EXERCISE 79. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Ego laudabar, tu vituperabare.* 2. Urbs oppugnabatur. 3. Ego 

 laudabcr, tu vituperabgre.t 4. Urbs oppugnabitur. 5. Quum urba 

 ab hostibus oppugnabatur, omnium civium animi ingenti timore occu- 

 pabantur. 6. Cives vehementer ab hostibus vexati sunt. 7. Quum 

 pugna crat atrocissima, sol nubibus obscurabatur. 8. Malefici post 

 mortem justis poenis castigabuntur. 9. Urbs ab hostibus oppugnata 

 est. 10. Omnium civium animi ingenti terrore occupati sunt. 11. 

 Si literas diligenter tractaverlmus, a parentibus pulchris muneribus 

 donablmur. 12. Quum urbs ab hostibus expugnata erat, omnes cives 

 acerbissimo dolore cruciabantur. 13. Si libfri vestri bene a vobis 

 educati sunt laudabimini. 14. Industrius discipulus laudStor, piger 

 vituperator. 15. Leges divinse ab hominibus sancte observantor. 

 16. Exoramini, O mi parentes ! 17. O mi puer, delectare Jiterarum 

 studio ! 18. Exorare, O judex ! 19. Milites certa die in urbem con- 

 gregantor. 20. Cives ne flagitiis contaminantor. 21. Melior est certa 

 pax quam sperata victoria. 22. Terra mutata non mutat mores. 23. 

 Dolor patienter toleratus minus acerbus est. 24. Bonus vir laudandus 

 est. 25. Boni parentes curant ut liberorum mores emendeutur. 26. 

 Cura ut in omui re conscientia recta servetur. 27. Tu a me nniaris ut 

 ego a te redamer. 28. Heri ambulabam ut tristis animus exbilararetur. 



29. Milites nostri acerriine pugnabant ut urbs ab interitu servaretur. 



30. Vide ne a prasceptoribus vituperere. 31. Bonus civis cavet ne 

 legesaseviolentur. 32. Non dubito quin amicus meus morbo liberatus 

 sit. 33. Nemo dutiitabat quin pax recuperata esset. 34. Nescio qua 

 re pax turbata sit. 



EXERCISE 80. ENGLISH- LATIN. 



1. Peace has been regained. 2. Peace will be regained. 3. Peace 

 was regained. 4. I do not doubt that they are about to regain peace. 

 5. Peace has been disturbed. 6. Has peace been disturbed ? 7. Has 

 not (nonne) peace been disturbed ? 8. Peace will be disturbed. 9. 

 Peace ought not to (must not) be disturbed. 10. I shall be praised, 

 he will be blamed. 11. He must be blamed. 12. He has been blamed. 

 13. The city has not been captured. 14. O father, be entreated (over- 

 come by entreaty) by your suppliant daughter ! 15 . The mother was 

 overcome by entreaty. 16. The sun is obscured by a cloud. 17. Yes- 

 terday the sun was obscured by clouds. 18. Dear son, thy mind is 

 occupied by terror. 19. My mind was occupied with grief. 20. The 

 minds of all the citizens will be occupied with fear and sorrow. 21. 

 Young men, be not contaminated with vice. 22. I love thee that I may 



* Another form of vituperabaris. f Another form for vituperabSris. 



