354 



THE POPULAE EDUCATOR. 



The patients were ignorant of the contents of this novel bolus, 

 BO that imagination had nothing to do with the matter. In 

 England, also, the spider has been called in as ague doctor. In 

 Lincolnshire the creature was treated much after the above- 

 mentioned Irish fashion, being rolled up in paste and swallowed, 

 but in other parts the animal is put into a bag and worn round 

 the neck. Men of science have employed, not, indeed, spiders 

 themselves, but their webs, as a valuable medicine, especially in 

 fevers and agues. The web is rolled up into pills, and given 

 in doses of five grains each, every four hours. Attempts to 

 manufacture spider's silk have been made, with very poor 

 results. Waistcoats, gloves, and stockings have, indeed, been 

 formed from the silk, but the expense and difficulty seem 

 to forbid the hope of prosecuting the manufacture as a 

 business. The obstacles are three. The feeding a great collec- 

 tion of spiders is a puzzling operation. Then, if numbers be 

 kept in one place, the ferocious creatures wage an incessant and 

 destructive war one upon the other. Lastly, more than 27,000 

 spiders are required to produce one pound of silk, for twelve 

 will only make as much as one silkworm. M. Bon, a French- 

 man, and M. Tremezar, a Spaniard, spent years in trying to 

 domesticate spiders for manufacturing purposes. The former 

 gentleman managed to keep for some time about 5,000, placing 

 fifty or a hundred in separate compartments. Nearly all perished, 

 chiefly from daily battles among themselves. M. Bon seems to 

 have felt sure of his success, and sent some stockings and gloves 

 to the Eoyal Society in 1710, with a full description of his ex- 

 periments. He seems to have obtained four ounces of silk from 

 thirteen ounces of cocoons. Others made similar attempts. M. 

 Lebon, of Montpellier, sent a pair of gloves made from spiders' 

 silk, to Louis XIV.; and M. d'Orbigny actually had a pair of 

 drawers manufactured from the webs of American spiders. 



Are spiders themselves useful ? One benefit they evidently 

 confer upon man -that of keeping within due limits the exube- 

 rant swarms of insect life. Imagine the nuisance of an un- 

 checked increase of house-flies only. 



Whether, then, we note the geometrical beauty of many webs, 

 admire the marvellous complexity of the spinning machine, scru- 

 tinise the mechanism of the feet, wonder at the completeness 

 of the weapons for attack, meditate on the ingenuity of the 

 building spider, or ponder over the work allotted to spiders 

 in the great system of Nature, we shall feel that even these 

 creatures present us with proofs of wonderful design and rich 

 diversity of structure. A spider's web may suggest volumes 

 of philosophy. 



LESSONS IN GREEK. XII. 



THE THIRD DECLENSION (continued). 



WE pursue our task in the third declension, and offer models 

 of nouns in -os (gen. -eos), contracted into -ous. The substan- 

 tives of this class are exclusively neuter, and the terminating o- 

 belongs to the stem. In the nominative, the stem- vowel e has 

 passed into o; for example, TO yevos (Latin, genus), race; TO 

 KAeos, fame, glory. 



Singular. 



N.A.V. yevos. /cAeos. 



Gen. (ytvf-os) yevovs. (/cAee-os) KAeous. 



Dat. (ytve-'C) yevei. (Aee-t) xAeei. 



Plural. 



N.A.V. (yeve-a) yevv). (/cAee-a) /cAed. 



Gen. (yfve-wv) yevfav. (cAee-a)v) KAcaw. 



Dat. ye^e-o-i. icAee-o-i. 



Dual. 



N.A.V. (yeve-e) yei'ij. (Aee-e) K\TJ. 



G.D. (ytvf-oiv) yevotv. (/cAee-o/) /cAeo?y 



VOCABULARY. 



AAAo, but. OaATroy, TO, warmth. 



A.v9os, ro, a flower. &VTJTOS, -77, -ov, mor- 



Aa-(f>otAr)s, -es, firm, tal, deadly. 



sure. KepSos, TO, gain (in 



r-n, 7775, 77, the earth. the plural). 



Eop, capos, TO, the KAeos, TO, fame, 



spring. glory; in the plu- 



EiSos, TO, a form. ral, honourable 



Z7j/ua,-as, ^disgrace, deeds. 



punishment. 



EXERCISE 41. GRE3K-ENGLISH. 



1. 'H yrj /caAois avvtffiv flaAAej. 2. MTJ aire^ou il/ivxovs urn 

 6a\irovs. 3. To KO.\OV ov ,107*61 XP WOV Kpivo/j.tv aAAa apeTj?. 4. 

 OVK aff(f)a\fs irav irfyos tv dvijTip yti/fi (understand effTtv). 5. 

 Mr? fyevSr] \eye. 6. Aire^ou Trovrjpiav KfpScav. 7. KepSTj iravripa 

 ^ijfj.iav aei (f>epej. 8. Karoirrpov fiSovs %aAKos, oivos 5e vov (un- 

 derstand fffriv). 9. Of avOpcoiroi K\fovs opfyovrai. 10. Of 

 avSpes KAeet x ai P vfflv - H- Q* avSpeioi K\foav opfyoirai. 12. 

 avfJ.a^ofj.V TO rcav avSpcav K\ea. 



EXERCISE 42. ENGLISH- GREEK. 



1. Keep from (abstain) wicked gains. 2. Good men keep 

 from wicked gains. 3. Good men desire honourable deeds. 4. 

 Do not, O young man, keep from heat and cold, but from wicked 

 men. 5. Punishment follows a lie. 6. We admire the Greeks 

 on account of their (the) honourable deeds. 7. We avoid 

 wicked gains. 8. The soldiers rejoice in honourable deeds (dat.). 



Our next class of words ends in -is, -vs, -t, -v. Of these we 

 take first those words in -is -vs ; namely, b KIS (gen. KI-OS), the 

 corn weevil ; 77 ffvs (Latin, sits), a sow ; 6 ix^vs, a fish. 



Singular. 



Nom. b KIS. fj ffvs. 6 ixvs. 



Gen. KI-OS. ffv-os. t%0u-os. 



Dat, KI-I. ffv-i. ixOv-'i. 



Ace. K!V. ffvv. ixdvv, 



VOC. Kl. av. 1 X^ V - 



Plural. 



Nom. Ki-fs. crv-es. txdv-es. 



Gen. Ki-tav. ffv-iav. ix^v-(aif. 



Dat Kt-fft, ffv-ffi. ixQv-ffi. 



Ace. KL-O.S. ffv-as. JX0U-OS. 



Voc. Ki-fs. ffv-fs. ix^v-t 



Dual. 

 N.A.V. Ki-f. ffv-e. iX$' J ~ f - 



G.D. Kl-0?V. ffV-o'iV. IX^V-Oi 



VOCABULARY. 



EXERCISE 43. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. Of ixQvts fK TOV Trora/Aov avaKvirTovffit'. 2. Of 6r\pevrai Tas 

 aypias ffvas aypevovffiv. 3. n<WTes jo"oi vtKvffi. 4. "Vvx<*>v "e 

 0eos j8ar<Aeuei. 5. 'H a/j.TTf\os (pepti fiorpvas. 6. 'H 777 <pepei 

 crTaxfS Kai IBorpvas. 7. Tots fj.vffi f^ax") irore t\v irpos TOVS 

 fiarpaxovs. 8. Of /uues irayiffiv ayptvovrai. 9. Of Svpot ffffiovrai 

 rovs ix@ v s &s Otovs. 10. AyniffTpois aypfvo/j.ev rovs Ix^vs. 



EXERCISE 44. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. We catch fish with hooks. 2. Fish are caught with hooks. 

 3. The hunter lies in wait for wild boars. 4. The bunches of 

 grapes and ears of corn are beautiful. 5. The vine bears grapes. 

 6. The frogs had (to the frogs there was) once a battle with 

 (against) the mice. 7. We look on corpses. 8. The earth 

 bears many vines. 9. God reigns over fishes and frogs. 



I now proceed to words in -Is, -I, -vs, -v. The vowel of the 

 stem remains only in the accusative and vocative singular, in the 

 other cases it passes into e. In the genitive singular the mascu- 

 lines and f eminines take -us, and in the genitive plural -uv : as, 

 77 TroAis, a city ; b irTjxfs, an ell. Neuters end in -eos in the 

 genitive singular ; as, TO ffivairi, mustard ; TO OO"TD, a city. 



Singular. 

 6 TTIJXVS. TO ffivatri. 



Plural. 



o-ivaTre-os. 



ffivairfi. 



ffivawi. 



fflVUTTL. 



ffivairf-cav. 

 o-tvaire-fft. 



TO off TV, 

 affTe-os. 

 affTei. 

 affTv. 

 a.J'Tv. 



