LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. 



atrrt-t. 



atrrt-uiv. 



Acc. o.\m. n-rjx"*- ffiWHnf. o/rrTf, 



\ OC. TOAflft 1T17X*'** TtVBITTJ. CUTTTJ, 



Dual. 



N.A.V. iro\-. mjx-. <ncawf-. 



G.D. iro\t'0tv. iD7X-<"'. fftvairt'Oiv. 



In -long tho adjectives in -ut, -ta, -u, which in declension 

 depart from that of masculine* and feminine substantives hi 

 this only, that tho genitive of tho masculine singular has the 

 common form -cot, and not -i, and that the neuter plural has 

 ca ; thus, y\vKvt, sweet. 



Singular. Plural. 



N. y\vtcvs, y\vKtia, y\vtcu. ] y\vici'it, y\vKtta.t, y\vKta. 



D. 7AiK?, y\vKtt<f, y\vKt?. y\VKtffi, y\vxtiais, y\vKtfft. 



A. y\vKvv t y\vKticuf, y\vi<v. i y\i>Kt!s, y\vKtias, y\vnm. 



V. y\VKV, y\vKtia, ykvKV. \ y\vK*it, yAvfcctat, y\vKta. 



Dual. y\vKtt, y\vKtia, y\vK*t. 



y\VKtoiv, y\vKnaiv, y\vKtoiv. 



Here also belong the adjectives in -Oj, -0 (gen. -or), which are 

 declined as y\vicvs, y\vicv, only that tho neuter plural is con- 

 trurtol into T;, liko affrrj; as 6, ij Stirr/xvs, TO Jrmjx'S TO StTrtjxT/, 

 two ells long. 



Some substantives in -7j, as well as tho adjectives in -tr, -i 

 as 8pir, t8pi, skilful have tho regular inflection, without any 

 change of the radical vowel ; for example, 6, rj vopris, a calf or 

 heifer ; 6. i] otr, a sheep ; also (in the singular) ?/ 7xAuj, an eel. 



Singular. 



Nom. &, ri iropru. TJ fyx* Any. 6, ?; o?s. 



Gen. iropTt-oy. 7XAu-oy. otoy. 



Dat. wopn-i, iropTt. 7XfAu-t. ott. 



Acc. iroprif. *7XfAuc. olv. 



Voc. iroprt. 7XAu. ols. 



Plural. 



Nom. iropTi-ey, TTOprty. 7x<Ats. o?ey. 



Gen. jropTi-eoc. 7xtAc-o)j'. oio>^. 



Acc. iropTi-oy, iropTts e7xAts. o?ay, c?s. 



Voc. iropn-fs, iroprTs. *7x*Ats. o?ts. 



EXERCISE 45. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. Afft\yfia TiKTti vfiptv. 2. EV iroffd Kai /Sptaffti wo\Ao tiffiv 

 cTaipoi. *." 5 ffirovSatw trpaynan o\iyoi. 3. 'O irAot/ros atrcaxdis 

 KO.I (vfftas rovs avBpuirovs \vfi. 4. 'Eirou rri <pvffti. 5. At oiro 

 TOW ffsiifuzTos ciri9vfi.ia.i iro\tfj.ovs KCU trrafffts Kai MX ay it<*pfX ovffiy - 

 6. EJ/ TO(j iroAto'i*' ai apxm vo^tav (pt/AaKts ttfftv. 7. Airtx*^'. 

 CD iroAIrai, crrafftuv. 8. Ope7*o-0t, to apSpcs. KO.\<HV irpu(tui>. 9. 

 Aia<popot fiffiv al r<av /3poTa>f (pvfffts. 10. E( vfiptws iroAAa Kana 

 yiyvtrai. 11. KUKOK avSpo. 5wpa otn\triv OVK x"- ^- ^{ a f* 

 irAouros avtv ffvvffftus OVH. a.<r<pa\fj KTTjjuaTa tiffiv. 13. Ol rear 

 ffiKoiv Kapiroi y\vK(7s (iffiv. 14. Aptrrjs /3e/3oiai tiaiv at KTijfftts 

 Atofai. 15. rioAAa ao-rrj rfix~n <X"- 16. Ol rov affTfoj irvpyoi 

 /3<j3aiot tiff iv. 17. Ot irvpyoi r<f affrft KOffpos fifftv. 



EXERCISE 46. ENOLISH-GREEK. 



1. Riches free from (Au&>) want. 2. We have friends in 

 eating and drinking, but not in misfortune. 3. In the city the 



king is the guardian of tho lawn. 4. Obey, O young man, th* 

 magistrates. 5. O child, strive after honourable deeds. C. 

 The possession of virtue is alone sure. 7. The city has (to tht 

 i many towers. 8. Good laws bring honour to the city. 

 9. Follow nature. 10. The soldiers fight fov tho delii 

 (ffwTijpta) of the city. 11. O citizen, avoid insurrection. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN OBEEK.-XI. 



EXXBCUB 85. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. The tragedies of Sophocles are beautiful. 2. We dmira BoenUe* 

 becauM of bis wisdom. 3. Socnto hat many disciple*. 4. India 

 produces many reeds alongtlde of it* rireni and manby district*. &. 

 Always toll the truth, my son. C. Anaxagonw, the sophist, was tiw 

 teacher of Pericles. 7. O Hercules, bring safety to tb* nnlortoaato. 



8. Epominondas was of an unknown father. 9. Pity an nufortonaU 

 man. 10. Be eager, O young man, for truth. 11. Tbo immoderate 

 erre a base servitude. 



EXERCISE 36. ENOLISH-GREEK. 



1. lamparri r\v 9av^aaTi\ <ro .Ka. 2. EX<aip< TOUT arvxttr. 3. EX(a.po^<> 

 TOW aTuxrt. 4. IluXXoi KCafiiu ntruv ft^Oifai Zawp<iTovi. 5. Xtxparo urn 

 iroXXn ao<f>ia. 6. e<iv/*atcw<ri it\t acuftar ZMipaTOVt. 7. ' 

 iai \tuou<ri T>\ aorxpav Aovkttav. 8. t)avfia(oftii> rat na&ac 

 SaftuicXui/r. 0. Oi aXn&ir Au^oi wtiBovrai. 10. I.Xiaipc* tor ftto* TMV a*partM> 



11. Mr) XT< Ttl> l>Hl\ia TOIf u*pUTffl. 



EXERCISE 37. GBEEK-ENOLISH. 



1. Homer sings of many heroes. 2. We admire the volonr of the 

 heroes. 3. The slaves lead a sad life. 4. The garden of the ancle to 

 fine. 5. O child, be desirous of modesty. 6. Modesty follows good 

 men. 7. We admire Lysias for his persuasiveness and grace. 8. 

 Reverence is implied in modesty. 9. Do not look at the face of Gorgon. 

 10. O Echo, often thou deceivest men. 11. All men aim at prosperity. 



12. It is becoming for a child and a young man to be modest. 13. 

 Clio and Erato ore muses. 



EXERCISE 38. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. 'O/^npof abtt Ax'XXr) -rov iipiaa. 2. Ax'XXei/v o qpwt aitrai vwo 'Opiipaifc 

 3. 'H apeni TOU ripuor (art 0av/ua<rr. 4. Sav/ia(o/ii> Tqv affrn" TUI- tjptMMi. 

 5. Toir iovXotr e<ni /3iov Xwnpor. 6. IlaTpwi ia-ri .TTOC caAot. 7. Harrtt 

 Xatpoviri T cvtarot. 8. Oai'/aaf, w irai, ficra rnt a<dovt ra vpa^/uara TM 

 ttfaduv. 9. H%oi voXXaxir <^<vdo/i<tfa. 



EXERCISE 39. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. The gods send prodigies to men. 2. Death is the cure of the 

 ills of old age. 3. Rewards encourage the bravery of soldiers. 4. 

 The milk and flesh of goats and sheep are of use for nourishment. 5 

 The soldiers give tho signal with horns and trumpets. 6. Wo taste 

 different kinds of meat. 7. The foundation of a good old age in children 

 is (laid) in the goodness of their constitutions. 8. Stags have horns. 



9. The life of old age is hard. 



EXERCISE 40. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. Tcpa ir/iir<Tai inro T*>V OtZt TOIT ay^pwvair. 2. ZTpariwrat rcpvorrat 

 xepaffi Kai aaXirifi. 3. Ffvo/ucSu ^aXaxror (ai p<. 4. SavaTot avaA* 

 Ta KaKa TIM* ftipat. 5. 'O /)aot\fvt ftpwti *}cpa Ttxr ffTpaTi*T<ut. C. Ta i*fa 

 irpoTpiri TOI/I orpaTiwTat. 7. Ol vrpariMTui wpo-r(*worr<u TOt -jtfaai. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. XXV. 



CONSTRUCTION OP PROJECTION OP MAP OF EUROPE. 



THE best and surest mode that a student of geography can 

 adopt, in order to become thoroughly acquainted with the con- 

 tour or general outline of any country, the direction of its 

 rivers and mountain-ranges, the situation of its most important 

 physical features, and the relative positions of its citiee and 

 tu-vus is to accustom himself to construct maps of the country 

 that he is studying on a scale large enough to enable him to 

 write in or print clearly and legibly all the names that he may 

 wish to insert. 



The first thing to bo done in making a map is to construct a 

 projection of the meridians and parallels of latitude and longi- 

 tude that intersect the country which is to be delineated. 

 The form of projection most commonly employed is the conical 

 projection, by which a portion of a spherical or rounded surface 

 may be represented on a plane or flat surface without much 

 alteration of its dimensions or distortion of its various features. 

 To make this clear, suppose the quadrant ABC (Fig. 14) to re- 

 present the fourth part of the section of a sphere in a plane 

 passing through any meridian or great circle, and the straight 

 line D E to represent the section of the side of a cone, placed 

 over the sphere in such a way that its apex K is in the straight 



