THE POPULAE EDUCATOR. 



to the nominative, and you may do so by the aid of what has 

 already been said. But for this you must bear in mind that 

 the v in f*.f\av, though belonging to the stem, does not appear 

 in the nominative. In the following table, however, you will 

 find that a genitive having an v, as in -avos, comes from a noun 

 in -as ; jiteAas, therefore, is the word which you have to look for 

 in the lexicon, and /*eAas you find to mean black. Thus, you 

 see, if the genitive be given, the word is easily ascertained : 



Genitive Ending. 

 -5os, -Bos, -ros . 

 -705, -(cos, -xS) -KTOS 



Nominative Ending. 

 . -r. 

 . -. 



OS, -7TOS, -CJ)OS 



I wish you, with the aid of this table, to review the ground 

 over which we have gone. With it you should possess the 

 utmost familiarity before you pass on to the next topic. In 

 order to assist you, and at once to ground you in what you 

 have learnt, and to enlarge your acquirements, I subjoin exer- 

 cises bearing on the three declensions. These exercises are 

 taken from the best Greek authors, and from the sacred Scrip- 

 tures. When you have mastered them, you will feel that 

 already you have made some progress. 



I premise a few syntactical remarks. In Greek, as in Latin, 

 adjectives, adjective pronouns, and participles agree with their 

 nouns in gender, number, and case. That is, if the noun be in 

 the accusative singular, in the accusative singular must the 

 adjective, etc., be. If the noun be in the genitive plural, the 

 adjective must be in the genitive plural. If the noun bo of the 

 neuter gender, put the adjective in the neuter gender ; and so 

 in all other cases, the adjective, the adjective pronoun, and the 

 participle, when they agree in sense, must agree also in form, 

 and be in the same gender, number, and case. Thus we say 

 ayados avrip, & good man ; but if we use ywT) instead of avrip, we 

 must change ayados into ayadrj. Also we write avSpa ayadov 

 6avfj.afa, I admire a good man, but yvvaina aya6r)v 6avuafa, I 

 admire a good woman where ayados becomes ayadov to agree 

 with avfipa, and ayadrjv to agree with yvvaiica. Compare the 

 declensions of adjectives and nouns combined in the foiirth and 

 sixth lessons. 



As a general rule, a transitive verb, or a verb which has an 

 object after it, has that object in the accusative case, as in the 

 sentence just given avSpa ayadov 6avfj.afa. Many verbs, how- 

 ever, put their objects in some other case ; some reqiure the 

 genitive, and some the dative. Examples have already appeared. 



When two nouns come together in a state of dependence, the 

 dependent noun is put in the genitive case : for example, 'O 

 AAeov8pos rov $i\nnrov t\v vios, Alexander was the son of 

 Philip ; where $i\nrirov is in the genitive case, because it is in 

 sense dependent on ntos. 



When two verbs come together in a state of dependence, the 

 dependent verb is put in the infinitive mood : for example, 

 /SovAojuat vSwp iriveiv, I wish to drink water; where itiveiv is 

 governed in the infinitive mood by jSovAo^at, the former being in 

 sense dependent on the latter. 



EECAPITULATORY EXERCISES SELECTED FROM THE GREEK 

 CLASSIC AUTHORS. 



1. Mia x^' "*" 7 ea P ov lro| '- 2. Tlavra b xp ot>os ""pos <coj 

 ayet. 3. IleAoiri ntot 7]ffav Arpevs Kai veffrys. 4. FIoAAa 

 avdpcarrois Trap' eATrtSa yiyverai. 5. Tvvai^i K0ffp.os b rpoiros (under- 

 stand eo'Tij') ov ra xp vffta - 6. Ot rerrtyes ev(pcavoi \eyovrat 

 eivai. 7. Mup/itTj/ccoc /cat fj.e\iffffcav fiios iro\virovos ecrrt. 8. 

 TiyvwffKei i^tap rov tpcapa /cat An/cos \VKOV. 9. On Krrjffis aAA' if 

 Xpyffis rcav /3il3\ici)v opyavov rr/s iraiSetas effriv. 10. 'H u.ev 

 (pvffis avev fj,adrjffeci)S rv<p\ov, f) Se /uaflijcrts St^a <pvffecas eAAtTres. 

 11. 'O XP OI>OS Tc f' yiP a Tpoffridei rrjv eTfiffrTj/j.f]v. 12. IToAAat 

 i]ffav at TT;S |8ot>/cepco Ions ir\avai. 13. Avrip avSpa /cat iroAts 

 TTO\IV ff<aei. 14. ETra/jiiviavo'as cos aA?j0cos ev avSpaffiv avrip 

 r)v, 15. Teptav yepovri y\<affffav fjSiffrriv exei, irats TraiSt, /cat 

 yvvaiKi irpofffpopov yvvi). 16. Fiacres oi r<av apiffrwv Tlepffuv 

 iraiSes ev rats /PacrtAecos Bvpais traiSfvovrai. 17. aityos rirpcafficet 

 crcoyua, rov Se vow \oyos. 18. 'H <ppovt)ffis /j.eyiffrov effriv ayadov. 

 19. IloAeeos ^vxn oi vofjioi. 20. 'H rvpavvis aSt/ctas /urjrrjp effriv. 

 21. 'O SetAos T?JS woTptSos TrpoSorrjs effriv. 22. Oi a"ya0oi avSpes 

 decav eiKOves eiffiv. 23. Ot No^uaSes ruv Aif$v<ai> ov rais fyuepats, 

 aAAa rats WKreffi apid/j.ovffiv. 24. XaAeTrov eo"Tt Ae'yetc irpos 

 yaffrepa, <ara OVK exovffav. 25. 'Hc/)atcrTos TCO iroSe x ^- OJ '?*' 

 26. 'H MTjSeta ypafyerai TCO iratSe Seivov vTrofiXeirovffa.. 27. H0ou$ 

 /3affavos effriv avQpunrois xp ot/os - 28. Oi otptis rov tov ev rots 

 oSovffiv exovffiv. 29. 'O Tlapvaffffos /j,eya xai ffvffxiov opos effriv. 

 30. Ev Botcorta 5i>o effriv eiriffr)/j.a opt], ro pev 'E\iKcav KaKovpevov, 

 erepov Se Ki6aipcav. 31. 'O NeiAos ex^t iravroia yevr] ix6vuv. 

 32. Ttjtta rovs yovels. 33. Afaxctpo"ts rnv a(j.ire\ov eiire rpen 

 <pepeiv fiorpvs' rov irpcarov, vSovr/s 4 rov Sevrepov, /j.e6r)S' rov rpirov, 

 arjSias. 34. TIovos eu/cAetas irarTjp (understand effriv). 35. 

 ClKeavov /cat Tr)6vos irats t\v Ivaxos. 36. Ot rernyes fftrovvrai 

 rvv Spoffov. 37. K\eavdr]s e<f>r) rovs aTraiSevrovs /J.OVT) rp noptpp 

 rcev drjpitav $ia<pepeiv. 38. Avaxapffis oveiSifa/jievos bri 'S.Kvdijs t\v r 

 eitre, rep yevei aAA' ov rtp rpoirca. 39. Ko\aovrai ev aSov iravres 

 oi KaKoi, jSacrtAeis, SouAot, ffarpatrai, Treyr/res, ir\ovffioi, irrwxoi. 

 40. At *op/coi dvyarepes ypaia: -r\ffav e/c yever-rjs. 41. Znviav 

 e<pri, Seiv ras TroAets KOfffJieiv OVK avadrifj.affiv, aAAa rats r<av 

 oittowroiv aperats. 



In giving the vocabulary of these recapitulatory exercises, I 

 shall take each sentence in the order in which it stands, because 

 the learner will here need more aid than he has hitherto required 

 or received. 



VOCABULARY TO THE EXERCISES FROM THE CLASSICS. 



1. Mta, one, from the numeral adjective ets, pia, ev, one, of 

 the fern. gen. to agree with x 6 ^-'5co', a noun, 3rd dec. noni. 

 sing., fern. x^'^cor, x^'Sows, a swallow. 



2. This sentence contains nothing that the student ought not 

 to know. I therefore leave him to the knowledge he has, or 

 may have, already attained, and so in future shall I do without 

 giving notice thereof. 



3. neAoirt, from IleAoiJ/, IleAoTros, a proper name, governed in 

 the dative case by TJCTOJ// to Pelops tliere were, that is, Petops 

 had; Arpevs (gen. -ecos), Atreus; Qveffrijs (gen. -on), Thyestes. 

 Observe that the English y represents the Greek v. 



4. Hop' for Tropa, against, Trap' e AirtSa, contrary to their expec- 

 tations ; eAirtSa, ace. sing., from y e\iris (gen. tATrtSos), hope. 

 Why has the plural adjective TroAAo the verb in the singular ? 



5. TpoTros, -on, , a turn, disposition; xP vffta > neu ^- pl-> from 

 Xpvo~iov, a diminutive of xp vffos i gold, and so denoting golden 

 ornaments, jewels. 



6. Terr lyes, grasshoppers, from b rerri^ (gen. rerriyos); evQtovoi, 

 pleasing in sound, nom. pi., from ev<f><avos (ev and <t>cavr], a voice), 

 an adjective of two terminations ; Ae7ovTat, are said, the third 

 person plural, passive voice, present tense, from Ae7&>, I say ; it 

 governs eivai, to be, in the infinitive mood. 



7. Mup/xTj/cwi/, gen. pi., governed by /3tos, from 6 /*up/), 

 /J.VP/J.-TIKOS, an ant; peXiffffaiv, gen. pi. governed by fiios, from 

 jueAtcrcro, -TJS, rj, a bee; iro\virovos, -ov (from iroAus and trovos), 

 laborious. 



8. riyvwffKei (from 7t7j/co(r/cco, I know), indicative mood, active 

 voice, third person singular, agreeing with its subject or nomi- 

 native c/>cop; c/>cop, (poipos, 6, a thief; An/cos, -on, b, a wolf. 



9. XpTjcrts, -ecos, rj, use ; opyavov, -ov, ro, a means, our organ. 



10. Avev, without; rvfyXov, from rv<j>\os, -rj, -ov, blind; the 

 adjective is in the neuter gender, denoting disparagement, a 

 blind thing; Sixa, separate from; eAAiires, from eAAtTTTjs, -es, 

 defective (from Aetirco, I leave). 



