110 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOE. 



parison to tho stem by means of the connecting vowel o or . 

 The connecting vowel ia o when a long syllable precedes ; if a 

 short syllable precedes, the connecting vowel is CD. A short 

 syllable is a syllable tho vowel of which is short ; a long syllable 

 is a syllable the vowel of which is long. Diphthongs are long, 

 and a vowel followed by two consonants, or one double consonant, 

 is long. A long vowel or a diphthong is said to be long by nature; 

 a vowel made long by standing before two consonants, or one 

 double consonant, is said to be long by position. The rule is 

 exemplified in these words : 



Positive. Comparative. Superlative. 



Kovtf>-os, light ; /coiAp-o-repos, lighter ; Kov<p-o-raro$, lightest. 



ia"xyp-os, strong; iffxvp-o-repos, stronger; iffxvp-o-raros, strongest. 



AeTT-os, thin ; AeTrr-o-Tepos, thinner ; AeTrT-o-Taros, thinnest. 



ero(f>-os, wise ; ffo<p-u-repos, wiser ; ffo^-ta-raros, wisest. 



tXvp-os, secure ; e^vp-w-repoy, securer; e^Cp-w-Toros, securest. 



Contracted words in -tos, -ovs, and -oos, -ovs, undergo con- 

 tractions also in the comparative and superlative ; the former 

 blend e and <a into u>; tho latter assume the connecting syllable 

 to; and blend it with tho foregoing o ; thus 



irop<pvp-eos, purple ; irop<pvp-ovs. . 



Trop<pvp-t(a-T(pos, irop<f>vp-ci>-repo\;. 



irop(pvp-eca-raros, iroptyvp-w-raros. 



ctjrAoos, simple ; air\ovs. 



airho-fff-repos, owA-ourr-repos. 



air\o-fff-TaTos, a.Tr\-ovff-raros, 



Here belong also contracted adjectives of two terminations 

 in -ovs and-ouf, as en-poos, tv-vovs (well-disposed), tv-voov, ev-vovv; 

 comparative, fwo-ea-Ttpos, fv-vovff-rtpos ; superlative, ewo-eo"- 

 raros, (v-vovff-raros. 



Tho ensuing four adjectives in -cuos namely, yfpaios, old; 

 TroAcuos, of old, ancient ; Trepcuos, belonging to the other side (of 

 tho river) ; ffxo\aios, idle take tho endings -rtpos and -TOTOS, 

 without any connecting vowel, as 



Positive. Comparative. Superlative. 



yepai-os. yfpai-rtpos. ytpai-raros. 



Note that cpAos, loving, commonly has in the comparative" 

 na\\ov </>iAos, and in tho superlative <pi\raros. 



The following adjectives in -os namely, euSios, fair (weather) ; 

 ilffuxos (6 and ?j), quiet; to-os, like; irapOTrATjo-ioy, similar; opBpios, 

 early (in tho morning); otyios, late; irpcatos, in the dawn append 

 the connecting syllable ai to the stem, so that the comparative 

 and superlative exactly correspond to the forms of the preceding, 



n n 



Positive. Comparative. Superlative. 



/ueo--os. ftfff-at-repos. (ifff-ai-raro?. 



Two adjectives in -os namely, tppcofaevos, strong, and aKparos, 

 unmixed append the connecting syllable eo- to the stem, as 

 ippca/j.fv-fff-Tepos, eppioptv-fff-raros ; axpaT-fff-Ttpos, aKpar-fff- 

 raros. bo oiSotcs, -o, -ov, modest, has in the superlative atSoi- 

 eo"-TaTor. 



Tho following' four adjectives in -os namely, AaAos, lalka- 

 *;ivc; fj.ovo<payos, eating alone; o^o^ayos, fond of good eating; 

 and ITTWXOS, poor, begging take iff for their connecting syllable, 

 ai AaA-os, AaA-iir-Tepos, AaA-i<r-TOTOs. 



Adjectives in -rjs (gen. -ov), after dropping the TJS, take the 

 ocnnecting syllable iff, as 



Positive. 

 KAeTTT-rjs, thievish. 



Superlative. 



Comparative. 



K\eirT-iff-Ttpos. /cAeirr-iof- 



So also one in -TJS of the third declension namely, 

 (gen. -fos, -ous), false makes ^cvSio-repos, il/evSio-raros. 



VOCABULARY. 



AyaAAw, I adorn ; in Alperos, -r;, -ov, Etatos, -a, -ov, violent. 



the middle voice chosen. AIKCHOS, -a, -ov, just,. 



with the dative, I Apio~Tfi8r/s, *ov, 6, E6vos, -ovs, TO, a 



am proud of. Aristides. people, nation. 



The English adverb of comparison than is represented by t t 

 (Latin quam) ; thus, the son is wiser than thefatJier, is in Greek, 

 6 vlos ffo<pwrfpos fffnv r\ o irarrip. Another form of comparison 

 drops the 77, and instead, as in the previous instance, of having 

 the same case after the 77, than, as before it, puts the second 

 noun in the genitive, as 6 vios crocpcurepos TOV varpos fffriv. 



EXERCISE 53. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. ApiffreiSrjs irraixiffraros TIV, aAAa Si/caiOToros. 2. Ot c 

 Ki/KAa>7rey fiiaioraroi yffav. 3. KaAAias TrAoimwraTos r\v 

 AOrjvaitav. 4. OvSev ffitairris fffri x/"? ~ ( M toT6 / 30 '' 5. 2ryrj TTOT' 

 effnv aipercerepa. \oyov. G. OvSev am ffofyias ri/juairtpov. 7. 2o<p? 

 TrAouTou KTr]u.ct rifj.i<arfpov effriv. 8. H AaKeSatfj.ovi(av Siaira r\v 

 air\ovffrarr/. 9. Oj yepairepot rats rtav vecav TI/UCUS aya\\ovrai. 



10. 'H irarpts rots avOpcinrois <pi\rarr) effrtv. 11. Oi IvSoi TraAoi- 

 Tarov (Bvos vou.iovrai. 12. fi iraiSey, eore r]ffvxo.iraroi. 13. 

 Oi ~2,Trapria,riK.oi vfaviat eppcu^e^eo'Tepoj i]ffav rtav AOrjvaieai'. 14. 

 IloAAot rtav x f ^-'^ ot/ca ' / ftffl AoAio"Tepo. 15. Ol SouAoi TroAAawis 

 tyevSiffraroi KO.I K\tirriffraroi eiffiv. 



EXERCISE 54. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. Tho father is wiser than the son. 2. The mother is more 

 talkative than the daughter. 3. Virtue is the most valuable 

 possession. 4. Socrates was the wisest Athenian. 5. The 

 Athenians were wiser than the Lacedaemonians. 6. No one of 

 the ancient Greeks was wiser than Aristides. 7. Men are 

 quieter than boys. 8. Tho Lacedaemonians were very strong. 

 9. Swallows are very chattering. 10. Tho raven is very thievish. 



11. Socrates' manner of life was very simple. 



ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 



In adjectives of the third declension, the comparison-forms 

 are added to the adjective stem, eithe^ 'mmediately or by means 

 of the connecting syllable eo" or iff i'he adjective stem appears 

 in either tho neuter or in the genitive, after the removal of the 

 termination -os. 



The adjectives in -us, -tia, -v ; in -TJS, -es; in -as, -av, as well as 

 U.O.KO.P, blessed, affix the comparison-forms immediately to tho 

 stem ; as 



Positive. Neuter. Comparative. Superlative. 



y\vKvs, sweet, -v, y\vKv-rtpos, y\vKv-raros. 

 oA7)0T)s, true, -es, a\ri0tff-repos, a\ridfff-raros. 



Trei/rjs, poor, -ey, rrevfff-repos, -jreveff-raros. 



jueAoy, black, -av, /ueAoi/-Tepoy, /j.f\av-raros. 



yuo/cap, blessed, -ap, yuaKap-repoy, juaKap-Taros. 



Tho adjectives rjSvs, sweet, Ta%us, swift, and TroAuy, much, take 

 e second comparison-forms, namely, those in -icav and -av. 

 Tho adjectives in -uv, -ov (gen. -ovos), assume tho connecting 



syllable ta ; for example, tvfia.tfj.wv (noin. -ov), fortunate, happy. 

 Positive. Neuter. Comparatioe. Superlative. 



evSaipdiv, fvoai/.tov, evSai/Aov-eff-repos, evSaifiov-eff-raros. 



Adjectives in -j take as their connecting syllable partly ea 

 partly iff, as 



a^>rjAi|, Genitive, a<pr)Al:os, growing old. 

 Comparative, a<f>77Ai/c-eo"-Tepos. 

 Superlative, a<pri\iK-eff-raros. 

 Genitive, apiray-os, robbing. 

 Comparative, ap-iray-itr-repos. 

 Superlative, ap:ra7-icr-TaTos. 



The adjectives in -eis, -ev, whose stem ends in vr, append the 

 ;erminations -repos and -raros immediately to the stem ; but in 

 ;he coming together of two r's the first changes into o-, whereon 

 ;he foregoing v is dropped ; the process and the result may be 

 jresented thus : 



Pos. yapiejs, -tev. Gen. Yapiej/T-os, pleasing. 



Com. xapieff-repos. Sup. 





