THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



which the churches of St. Eustache, and of St. fitienne du Mont, 

 at Paris, are examples. In castles built at this period of the 

 .Renaissance, such as those of Ecouen and of Gaillon, the chapel 

 was Gothic, whilst the rest was classical. The ancient archi- 

 tecture has extended its power over the civilised world, from the 

 Renaissance period to the middle part of the present century, 

 when a reaction took place in favour of the Gothic style of 

 architecture, especially for ecclesiastical buildings. 



The severe study of the monuments of Greece and Italy in 

 modern times, tends to preserve and extend the taste for the 

 ancient orders of architecture, as being more durable in their 

 effects, more easy . in their construction, and more economical 

 in their expenditure, than the Gothic style. The recent desire 

 to restore the architectural monuments of the Gothic period, 

 has led to an extraordinary study of its ancient examples, and 

 has produced in some enthusiastic minds a wish to substitute 

 this style of architecture for those which have regulated the 

 splendid edifices of Europe for three centuries. Without 

 attempting to depreciate a style which is considered particularly 

 adapted to religious edifices, it is difficult to imagine that it will 

 prevail, for any lengthened period, over those orders of architec- 

 ture which, by their strength and solidity as well as massive 

 elegance, far surpass their resuscitated rival. 



In one of the annexed engravings, the reader will find a 

 representation of one of the finest examples of the true Gothic 

 style of architecture already mentioned, viz., the Church of Notre 

 Dame, at Paris. This metropolitan church of the French capital 

 is said to have been built on the ruins of a heathen temple, and 

 to have been founded during the first ages of Christianity. Its 

 reconstruction was begun by Maurice Sully, in 11G3, and the 

 first stone was laid by Pope Alexander III. Jean de Chille?, 

 master of works, undertook the south front in 1257 ; the north 

 front was constructed in 1312, by means raised by the knight- 

 templars. Charles VII., in 1447, gave considerable sums for the 

 completion of this cathedral. The first stone of the great altar 

 was laid in 1669, by Cardinal Noailles; and the choir, then begun 

 from the designs of Mansarde, was only finished in 1714. The 

 celebrated bell of Notre Dame, the largest in France, is placed 

 in the south tower; it was founded in 1685, and set up by 

 Louis XIV. The cathedral was restored during the reign of 

 Napoleon III., the massive iron railing by which it is sur- 

 rounded being completed in 1868. 



In this lesson is also given a representation of one of the 

 finest examples of those churches which belong to the transi- 

 tion period mentioned above, namely, the Church of St. Etienne 

 du Mont. This church was known by the same name in 1221. 

 It was reconstructed about 1517 ; but the aisle and the south 

 chapel were built in 1588. The western parts were only finished 

 under Charles IX. The communion chapel was built in 1606, 

 and Margaret of Valois, first wife of Henri IV., laid the first 

 stone of the front. These circumstances explain the mixture 

 of the Gothic style with that of the Kenaissance which is 

 found in this church. It is the only church in Paris furnished 

 with a gallery; and is decorated with very remarkable windows, 

 the work of Pinagrier, a celebrated artist of the sixteenth 

 Century. 



LESSONS IN ERENCK. XLIII. 



SECTION XCV. IDIOMS RELATING TO MONDE, 

 GENS, ETC. 



1. THE word monde, world, is often used in French in a re- 

 stricted sense. It has then the meaning of people, company, 

 retinue, servants, &c. : 



Y avait-il beaucoup de monde a Were there many people at church ? 



1'^glise ? 

 Se mettaut a la tete de son Placing himself at the head of his 



monde, il ouvrit lui-meme la people, he himself opened the door. 



porte. VOLTAIRE. 



2. The word gens also means people, and is of the masculine 

 gender ; but, by a singular anomaly, the adjectives which pre- 

 cede gens are put in the feminine, while those which follow it 

 must be in the masculine gender : 



Ce sont les meilleures gens da They are the best people in the world. 



monde. 

 Ces gens sont fort dangere<*u Those people are very Jangerout. 



2. The words tout, tsl, quel, certain, not preceding imme- 

 aiacsl;* the word gens, are put in the masculine, except when 

 the word coming between is an adjective having a different 

 termination in the two genders : 



Tous ces gens-la e"taient-ils chre- Were all those people Christians ? 



tiens ? PASCAL. 



Tous ces gens-la sont sottement All those people are foolishly in- 



inge'nieux. J. J. ROUSSEAU, genious. 



4. The words tout, tel, quel, certain, are put in the feminine 

 when they precede immediately the word gens, or are separated 

 from it by an adjective having a different termination in the 

 feminine : 



Quelles gens etes-vous ? Quelles TFhat people are you 1 What is your 



sout vos affaires ? RACINE. business 1 



Quelles bonnes gens ! TFhat good people 1 



However, when tout, although immediately preceding gens, 

 refers to a noun masculine and not to gens, it is used in the 

 masculine : 



Ces moines, tOUS gens de saute 1 Those monies, all of them men of 

 robuste. robust health. 



MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 



Apres s'etre fait craindre de tout 

 le monde, il craignit tout le 

 moude aussi. FLKCHIEE. 



II dit du inal de tout le monde. 



Tout le monde le dit. 



Avez-vous amend beaucoup de 

 monde ? 



Le monde n'est pas encore arrive 1 . 



II n'y avait pas grand moude. 



II y a du monde avec lui. 



II a congddiiJ tout son monde. 



Ce capitaine a tout son monde. 



Voila de sottes gens. 



II s'arrete chez les premieres 

 bonnes gens qu'il trouve. 



BOISTE. 



II y a a la ville, coinme ailleurs, 

 de fort sottes gens, des gens 

 fades, oisifs, de'soccupe's. 



LA BBUYEEE. 



Quels braves gens ! 



Quelles viles et me'cb.antes gens ! 



After having inspired everybody witli 

 fear, he feared everybody. 



He slanders everybody. 



Everybody says so. 



Have you brought many people ? 



The company is not yet come. 

 There were not many people there. 

 There is some person loith him. 

 He has discharged all his servants 



(people). 



That captain has all his crew. 

 Those are foolish people. 

 He stops with the first good people 



that he finds. 



There are in the city, as elsewhere, 

 very silly people, tedious, idle, un- 

 employed people. 



What worthy people .' 



What vile and wicked people. 



Accommod-er (s'), 1. 



ref. to put up with, 



to agree with. 

 Attend-re, 4. to await, 



to ea^ject. 



Bord (a), on board. 

 Carnpagne, f. country. 

 De'niel-er, 1. to settle, 



arrange. 

 Des que, as soon as. 



EXERCISE 185. 



Equipage, m. crew. 

 EVeill-er, 1. to au-afce. 

 Gens de lettres, men 



of letters. 

 Gens d'epee, military 



men. 



Gens de robe, lawyers. 

 Patron, m. patron 



saint. 

 Perd-re, 4. to lose. 



Eassembl-er, 1. to bring 

 together. 



Reven-ir, 2. ir, to re- 

 turn. 



Salon, m. drawing- 

 room. 



Serv-ir, 2. ir. to serve. 



Terre, f. land, shore. 



Voyag-er, 1. [ 49] to 

 travel. 



1. Avez-vous rassemble beaucoup de monde chez vous? 

 2. II n'est venu que peu de monde. 3. A quelle henre 

 servira-t-on le diner aujourd'hui ? 4. On le servira des que 

 notre monde sera venu. 5. Le capitaine a-t-il tout son equipage 

 a bord ? 6. Non, Monsieur, il a envoye du monde a terre. 7. 

 Vos gens se levent-ils de bonne heure P 8. II faut que tous les 

 jours j'eveille tout mon monde (MOLIERE). 9. Les Moscovitea 

 perdirent trois fois plus de monde que les Suedois (VOLTAIRE). 

 10. Ou est Madame votre mere? 11. Elle est dans le salon, 

 il y a du monde avec elle (company). 12. Tout le monde peut 

 voyager comme moi (X. DE MAISTEE). 13. Ainsi va le monde. 

 14. Elle attend pour quitter le monde, que le monde 1'ait 

 quittee (FLECHIER). 15. Vos gens sont-ils revenus de la cam- 

 pagne ? 16. Nous attendons nos gens anjourd'hui. 17. Y 

 a-t-il ici une societe de gens de lettres ? 18. Non, Monsieur; 

 il n'y a qu'nne societe de gens de robe. 19. Connaissez-vous 

 ces braves gens P 20. Je crois que ce sont des gens d'epee. 

 21. Tels sont les gens aujourd'hui. 22. Telles gens, tels 

 patrons (LA BRUYERE). 23. Tous mes gens sont malades. 24. 

 II faut savoir s'accommodtr de toutes gens (L'ACADEMIE). 25. 

 Que pouvez-vous avoir a demeler avec de telles gens ? 



