IN BO'J 



135 



" There in oao kind of *joti*t which in very common iu the 

 mean tboM empty, conceited fellows, who rujiti.ii im suyiuKH "i th. ir 

 nwu, or omo of thoir particular frmu.lii, nuvtT.il ii-.iU wlnrli w 



ni. and which every one who has cuuvun>< . 

 world hua heard u hm..lr<-,i time* over." Spectator. 



" If ;i pawnbroker receives plate or jewels as a pledge or security for 

 the repayment of money luut thereon, on a day curtain, hu has them 

 rpou mi fxprtiSH coutruct or condition to restore thorn, if thu pledger 

 pcrformi) his purt by redeeming them in due time." Hlackttoiu. 



" A jiiHt, though terrible, judgment of Ood upon theso piny-hunters 

 and )>nij>Jiuiii:r* of his holy day." Pryntw. 



n.-what allied to this (blasphemy), though in an inferior degree, 

 -.a tlic otl'eiii-e of profane and common swearing." Uluck*tunt. 



" Win u "no tossed his weaver's beam, and thu other carried the 

 gates of Gaza, they performed thoir prodigious feats by ten Jur/UamiU, 

 .:.'!i'.-r thin a cobweb, undiscernible with a microscope." Starch, 

 < of Nature." 



Definite and definitive are synonymous, that is, words which 

 como near in meaning to each other ; I say near in meaninj, for 

 there are few pairs of words that have exactly tho same force. 

 D'-jinitc, and definitive, as coming from finis, an end, agree in 

 that they both put an end to a matter : a definite answer puts 

 an end to your question by speaking so clearly, and so exactly, 

 as to leave no room for its repetition ; but a definitive answer 

 puts an end to tho matter in issue as well as to the question. 

 By a definite answer I leave you in no doubt as to my meaning ; 

 and by a definitive answer I put a negative on your proposal. 

 Honest men, and clear-minded men give definite answers ; men 

 who have como to a final conclusion pronounce a definitive 

 judgment. 



" They never have suffered, and never will suffer, the fixed estate of 

 the church to bo converted into a pension, to depend on the treasury, 

 and to be delayed, withheld, or perhaps to be extinguished, by Jincal 

 difficulties." Burke, "French K*rolution." 



" And all their landes, goodes, and possessions were confiscate and 

 aeased to ye kynge's vse (use)." Hall, "Richard III." 



" There are other subterraneous juts and channels, fissures and 

 passages through which many times tho waters make their way." 

 Derham, " Physico-Theology." 



To refuse comes immediately from the French refuser. But 

 whence the French ? From ref utare, says Richardson ; and 

 certainly refutare, both in good and in middle-aged Latin, 

 primarily signifies to put down, put back, refuse, and only deri- 

 vatively to prove logically ivrong. But this view makes to refuse 

 and to refute the same in origin. Besides, the t and s are not 

 exchangeable. It seems less incorrect to derive refuse from re 

 and fundo (fusus, fusion), which thus means a pouring or handing 

 back. Refuse, the noun, signifying rubbish, comes from the same 

 root, only it takes its special import from a custom which pre- 

 vailed in some cathedral and collegiate churches, according to 

 which those who held the benefices were required to put together 

 every year into a common treasury, for the common use, some 

 portion of their income. That portion was seldom the best, and 

 hence tho refusio, as the Latin name for the common contri- 

 bution was, refuse in English, came to have a bad character, 

 and to be nearly equivalent to our rubbish. Rubbish, or in an 

 older form of the word, rubbage, is that which was rubbed off 

 (Latin, detritus), as refuse is that which is poured or thrown 



back. 



EXERCISES IN COMPOSITION. 



Historical Theme : " The Mission of Moses to Pharaoh." 



WORDS WITH THEIR PROPER PREPOSITIONS. 



Words. Foreign Representatives. 



Compelled to, pello, I driv. 



Compliance with, plica, a fold. 



Composed of, compouo, I place together. 



Concede to, cedo, I yield. 



Conceive of, concipio, I take together. 



Concerned at, for, concerner, to regard. 



Concur with, in, curro, I run. 



Condemn to, duiniiuin, injury. 



Condescend to, descendo, I go down. 



Conduce to, duco, / lead. 



Confer on, fero, I bear. 



Study and endeavour to reproduce tho following jjem from 

 the German of Krummacher : 



THE SEVEN CHILDREN. 



Early in the morning, as tho day began to dawn, the devout father 

 of a family arose with his wife from the couch, and thanked God for 

 the day, and for their refreshing slumber. 



But the glow of morniuic 'oc-an-d into tho little chamber wbar taeir 

 seven children lay in their beds asleep. 



'1 h. ii they gased at tin; children one by one, and the mother Mid, 

 " They are seven iu number ; alas ! it will be hard for us to find them 

 Thus sighed the mother, for them was a famine in the land. 



But the father smiled, and said, " 8oe, do they not lie there, all the 

 seven ? And they have all rud cheeks, and the beams of the morning 

 stream over them, so that they appear lovelier than ever, like seven 

 blooming rose*. Mother, that shows us that lie who create* the 

 morning and sends us sleep, is true and unchangeable." 



As they stepped from tho chamber, they saw at the door fourteen 

 shoes in a row, growing smaller and smaller, two by two, a pair tot 

 each child. The mother gazed at thorn, and when she saw that they 

 were so many, she wept. 



But the father said, " Mother, why dost thou weep T Have not all 

 the seven received sound and active feet ? Why, then, should we be 

 anxious about that which covers them ? If the children hare con- 

 fidence in us, should we not have confidence in Him who can do more 

 than we can comprehend ? 



" See, bis sun rises ! Come, then, like it let as begin oar day's 

 work with a cheerful countenance." 



Thus they spoke and toiled at their labours, and God blessed the 

 work of their bands, and they had enough and to spare, they and their 

 seven children ; for faith gives strength and courage, and love elevates 

 the soul. 



LESSONS IN BOTANY. XXIX. 



SECTION LXVL HAMAMELIDACEJE, OE WITCH-HAZELS. 



Characteristics : Calyx tubular, adherent to the ovary ; limb 

 four to five partite ; petals absent, or inserted upon the calyx, 

 and alternating with its divisions ; stamens indefinite in the 

 apetalous genera, in the petaliferous genera double the number 

 of the petals, some sterile, and opposite to the petals, others 

 fertile and alternate; anthers square or semi- circular ; ovary 

 half inferior, two-celled, cells uni- or multi-ovnlate ; ovules 

 pendent, reflexed ; two styles, two stigmata, both distinct ; 

 capsule septicidal, having one-seeded cells. 



The members of this natural order are trees or shrubs, ordi- 

 narily covered with hair arranged in the form of stars. Leaves 

 alternate, petiolate, simple, bi-stipulate. Flowers almost sessile, 

 disposed in panicles, capitula, or spikes, often monoecious. 



The few species composing this natural order are dispersed 

 over North America, Japan, China, India, Madagascar, and the 

 Cape. The Virginian hamamelis (Hamamelis Virginica) is a 

 shrub having yellow fasciculated flowers, the ovary of which does 

 not ripen until the second year. It is cultivated in gardens for 

 the sake of its oily farinaceous seeds ; the decoction of its bark 

 and leaves is charged with tannlc bitter principles and a peculiar 

 volatile oil. The alder-leaved fothergillia (Fothergillia alnifolia) 

 is a shrub, a native of Carolina, but cultivated in Europe. Its 

 inflorescence is a spike composed of white and odoriferous 

 flowers. Its fruits discharge their seeds with a considerable 

 noise. The Rhodoleia Championi (Fig. 218) is a small tree dis- 

 covered in China by Captain Champion, in the forests which 

 surround Canton. It is cultivated with facility in the open air 

 of European countries. The leaves of this tree are persistent, 

 its flowers grouped in five, are surrounded with roseate bracts, 

 which might be almost taken for a petaloid floral envelope. 



SECTION LXVII. PHILADELPHACE.E. OK SYRINGAS. 

 Characteristics : Calyx adherent to the ovary, valvate in aesti- 

 vation ; petals equal in number to the divisions of tho calyx, 

 with contorted aestivation ; stamens, a multiple number of that 

 of the petals ; ovary, three or many celled ; placenta central, 

 multi-ovulate ; ovules pendent, imbricate, reflexed ; capsule, 

 four to ten-celled, many seeded; seeds enveloped in a loose 

 testa ; embryo dicotyledonous, straight, in the axis of a fleshy 

 albumen, the length of which it equals. The members of this 

 natural order are shrubs, having simple opposite leaves without 

 stipules. Their flowers are complete, regular, white, odoriferous, 

 disposed either in cymes or panicles. 



The Philadelphus coronarius, or garland syringa (Fig. 220), i 



indigenous to Central Europe, and a frequent garden ornament. 



Its flowers are very odorous, and were formerly held in esteem as a 



medicine. They contain a volatile oil sometimes employed as an 



agent for tho adulteration of oil of jasmine. The Deutzia scabra, 



or rough-leaved deutzia, is a native of Japan, now cultivated in 



: botanic gardens. The Japanese employ the inner bark of this 



( tree as a plaster ; its leaves are employed to impart a polish te 



i wood. 



