174 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



examiners, and the division or divisions in which their names are 

 placed. The names of all the successful candidates born before 

 July 1st, 1867, will be published in a separate list, arranged in 

 numerical order under the several centres, and pass certificates, 

 signed by the Vice-Chancellor, will be issued to them, specifying 

 the subjects in which they satisfied the examiners. 



Those candidates who show sufficient merit in translations 

 from Latin and Greek authors, in Grammar, in Latin Prose Com- 

 position, and in Mathematics, to be excused from Responsions. 

 may receive a certificate from the delegates to that effect. 



Candidates will be examined in Oxford, and in such other 

 places as the delegates may from time to time appoint. 



For examination in Oxford, and for list of local secretaries, 

 application should be made to the secretary to the delegacy at 

 Oxford. Every candidate is required to pay a fee of 20s. 



HIGHER EXAMINATION FOR WOMEN. 



This consists of a First Examination and a Second Examina- 

 tion, both of which cannot be taken in one year. The first 

 examination is held in June and December, the second in 

 June only. No candidate is admitted to the Second Exami- 

 nation unless she has passsd the First Examination, or some 

 other accepted by the delegates as equivalent. Among these 

 equivalent examinations are the Matriculation Examination at 

 London ; the Cambridge Higher Local Examination, if candidate 

 has passed in Group C, and in two languages of Group B ; Oxford 

 Senior Local Examinations, if candidate has passed in Section D, 

 and, with special recommendation of examiners, in two languages 

 of Section C. 



In the First Examination candidates must satisfy the 

 examiners in 



i. Any two of the following Languages (a) Latin ; (In) 



Greek ; (c) French or Italian ; (d) German, 

 ii. Arithmetic. 



iii. (a) Euclid (first two books) ; or Algebra to Simple 

 Equations, inclusive. 



The Second Examination consists of a Pass Examination and 

 an Examination for Honours. 



The Pass Examination comprises the following sections : 

 a. Two Languages (as in First Examination). l>. Ancient 

 History (Greek and Roman), c. Modern History, d. Mathe- 

 matics, e. Physical Science. (Physics and Chemistry ; but 

 Elementary Biology and Geology may be offered in addition.) 

 /. Logic and Political Economy. 



Candidates will not satisfy the delegates unless they pass, at 

 the same examination, in Section a and in at least one of the 

 other sections, but can didates who have so passed may offer any of 

 the other sections at a subsequent examination. No candidate 

 is examined in more than two sections at any one examination. 



The examination for Honours includes the following eight 

 sections, but no candidate is examined in more than one of these 

 sections at the same examination: 1. English; 2. Latin 

 and Greek ; 3. Modern Languages (German, French, Italian, 

 and Spanish) ; 4. Mathematics, Pare and Mixed ; 5. Ancient 

 History, with Latin and Greek texts ; 6. Modern History, 

 with original texts ; 7. Mental and Moral Philosophy ; 8. Phy- 

 sical Science. 



The fee payable for the First or Preliminary Examination is 

 2 ; and 2 10s. for the Pass Examination. For the Honours 

 Examination the fees are from 10s. to 2 10s. per subject. All 

 further particulars may be obtained from the Secretary to the 

 Delegacy for Local Examinations, Oxford. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. XXX. 



ASIA (continued). 



THE Peninsulas of Asia are : Arabia, which lies between the 

 Eed Sea and the Persian Gulf ; Asia Minor, between the Black 

 Sea and the Mediterranean Sea ; India, or Hindostan, between 

 the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal ; the Eastern Peninsula, 

 or Further India, and its branch, the Malay Peninsula, between 

 that bay and the Chinese Sea ; Corea, between the Yellow Sea 

 and the Sea of Japan ; and Kamtschatka, between the Sea of 

 Okhotsk and Behring Sea. The Isthmus which unites Malacca, 

 or the Malay Peninsula, to the Eastern or Indo-Chinese Penin- 

 sula, is called the Isthmus of Kraw. 



The Capes of Asia are : In Asia Minor, Cape Baba, near the 

 ruins of Troy, and Cape Anamour, in south of Asia Minor j Capo 



Andrea, in Cyprus, and Cape Beyrout, or Beirut, in Syria. In 

 Arabia, Cape Amran, near Aden, Cape Fartak, and Cape Bas- 

 al-Had, the most eastern point of that peninsula ; in Southern 

 India, or the Western Peninsula, Cape Comorin, the most 

 southern point of Hindostan ; and Point Calimere, on the Coro. 

 mandel coast. In the Eastern Peninsula, Cape Negrais, on the 

 coast of Ava ; Point Romania, in the south of Malacca, or the 

 Malay Peninsula ; Cape Cambodia, and Cape Padaran, projecting 

 into the Gulf of Siam and the Chinese Sea ; on the eastern coast 

 of China, the promontory of Shantung ; in Kamtschatka, Cape 

 Lopatka ; and at Behring Strait, the East Cape. The principal 

 cape in the Arctic Ocean is Cape Severe Vostochnoi, or N.E. Cape. 



In Asia there are many vast Lakes which deserve and have 

 received the name of seas. Of these, the principal is the Caspian 

 Sea, between Russia and Turkestan, said to be more than 700 

 miles long ; it covers a surface of about 140,000 square miles, and 

 varies in depth from 12 feet on its northern shores, to 150 feet 

 on its other shores ; being about 2,800 feet deep in the middle. 

 This inland sea is salt, but less so than the great ocean which 

 surrounds the continent ; it lies in a basin whose surface is lower 

 than that of the sea in general, having been ascertained to be 

 about 83 feet lower than that of the Black Sea. The Sea of 

 Aral, in Turkestan, is about 300 miles long ; it covers a surface 

 of about 23,000 square miles, being shallow aud slightly salt 

 this lake is 117 feet above the level of the Caspian Sea. The 

 Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is about 350 miles long, and varies from 

 35 to 60 miles in breadth ; it covers a surface of about 25,000 

 square miles, and is raised about 1,400 feet above the level of 

 the sea ; its waters are fresh, and abound in fish. Other lakes 

 of smaller size, but still occupying a large surface, are : Balkash 

 or Tengiz, in the south of Russia in Asia ; Zurrah, in Afghan- 

 istan ; Tengri-Nor, in Chinese Thibet ; Baktegan, in Persia ; the 

 Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Palestine ; and many others 

 in this vast continent. The most elevated piece of water on the 

 earth's surface is Lake Sir-i-kol, one of the principal sources of 

 the Amoo-Daria or Oxus, in the Bolor-Tagh Mountains. 



Asia contains the most extensive plateau or table-land to be 

 found on the surface of the globe. It lies generally between 

 the parallels of 30 and 50 north latitude, and between the 

 meridians of 70 and 120 east longitude ; its length is about 

 2,500 miles, and its breadth varies from 1,200 to 1,400 miles. 

 Its mean elevation above the level of the sea is about 2,000 feet. 

 The plateau of Mongolia is about 3,000 feet in elevation ; and 

 the loftiest parts of the plateau of Thibet reach the amazing 

 altitude of 16,000 feet. Between these plateaus lies the Great 

 Sandy Desert of Tartary, called Gobi (desert) or Shamo (sea of 

 sand), having an average elevation of 2,500 feet above the level 

 of the sea. The plateaus of Persia and Afghanistan are of less 

 elevation than those of Thibet ; the former being, on an average, 

 3,500 feet high, and the latter 6,000 feet high. The high table- 

 land of Armenia, upon which the ark of Noah is said to have 

 rested, is about 6,000 feet in elevation ; and that of Asia Minor 

 varies from 6,000 to 3,000 feet. In India, to the south of the 

 great table-land region, are the plateaus of Malwa, the Deccan, 

 and Mysore; the two former being each 2,000 feet, and the latter 

 3,000 feet in elevation above the level of the sea. The table- 

 land of Arabia, which was formerly supposed to be one vast 

 desert in the interior, has an average height of 3,500 feet. 



The great plains and lowlands of Asia form a balance and coun- 

 terpart to the mountains and table-lands of that continent. , The 

 plain of Siberia in the north extends from the foot of the Uraliau 

 mountains, between the shores of the Arctic Ocean and the 

 bottom of the great Altaian range of mountains, to the most 

 eastern extremity of the continent. The plain of Independent 

 Tartary extends from Siberia, on the south-west, to the high 

 table-land of Persia, including the Sea of Aral. The plain of 

 China, which extends 500 miles inland from the East and 

 Yellow Seas, is well watered and cultivated, and very populous ; 

 the plains of Further India partake of the same character ; and 

 the plain of Hindostan, which divider, the plateaus of Southern 

 India from the Himalaya Mountains, is the land of rice, sugar, 

 indigo, and cotton. The great mid-river plain of India, the space 

 between the Indus and the Ganges, includes the preceding fertile 

 tract, the great Indian Desert, and the plain of Sinde or Scinde, 

 which, embracing the lower course of the Indus, is very fertile. 

 The plains of Mesopotamia (in the middle between the rivers), 

 now called Al-jezifah, and Babylonia, now called Irak-Arabi, 

 include the greater part of the countries watered by the rivers 



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