LESSONS IN ARCHITECTURE. 



188 



f 



2. And still upon that face I look, 

 Aim think 'twill smile again, 

 Arid still the thought I will not brook 



That I must look in vniu. 

 But when I spenk thou dost not say 



H^' ->( id, 



And now I feel, as well I may, 

 - .' thou art dead .' 



S, If I con'id '.<< /> tln-f us thou art, 



All cold and all serene, 

 1 x'l'll might press thy silent heart, 

 And where thy smiles had been; 

 While e'en thy chill bleak corse I have 



I feel thee still my own, 

 But t/ir r li>i ihee in the grave, 



And IMiir / rim rnoite. 



4. I do not think, w?ir'cr Oioa art, 



Thou hast forgotten mt ; 

 And I perhaps may soothe this heart 



By thinking tooofthtc. 

 But there woa round tbt-c guch a dawn 



Of light ne'er seen before. 

 As fancy never could have drawn. 



And never can restore. 



This tune (commonly known as Grammachree) may well bo written by the author of the well-known lines on the burial of 

 set lower (in the key of c or B) if the voice finds this key \ Sir John Moore. Keep perfect tune. Mark vxll tho " expres- 

 fatiguing. Tho touching and beautiful song, which few who have sion." It is almost unnecessary to call attention to the very 

 fcnown bereavement can sing to this tune without tears, was effective use of LAH in this tune. 



LESSONS IN ARCHITECTURE. XIII. 



CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. I. 



IN the early ages of the Christian Church, when its members 

 became sufficiently free from persecution to erect buildings for 

 their worship, they appear to have been anxious to avoid, in 

 their structures, any of the forms peculiar to either heathen or 

 Jewish temples. They therefore adopted the simple style of 

 the Roman basilica, or courts of justice. There was a fitness 

 in the general plan of these buildings which rendered its selec- 

 tion natural and appropriate. The basilicce were usually en- 

 closures surrounded by a colonnade, sometimes roofed, but at 

 others open to the air, and built designedly so as to be acces- 

 sible to all persons at all times of the day. Occasionally they 

 were used as places for the transaction of ordinary business, and 

 thus in character and purpose they closely resembled some of 

 the buildings known in our own time as " exchanges." But 

 their simplicity, the freedom of access which they afforded, and 

 the dignified object for which they were primarily founded 

 namely, the dispensation of justice no doubt commended their 

 design as a model to the imitation of the primitive Christians, 

 and on this model the earliest of their buildings arose. It has 

 left its impress on many of tho edifices famous in Christian 

 architecture, and the name of basilica for a church is still 

 current in Italy and in Borne. 



The usual form of a Roman basilica was a parallelogram, 

 with a seat for the judges at one of tho ends ; and in adopting 

 this form it was natural that the place occupied by this seat 

 should be devoted by the members of the early Church to the 

 purposes of an altar. This, by an easy transition, is believed 

 to have civen rise to the formation of tho semi-circular recess 



at one end of the building, known as the aptc (from the Latin 

 apsis, a bow or arch), which is characteristic of the ground-plait 

 of many of the oldest churches. 



Occasionally the oblong space enclosed for tho basilica was 

 divided by rows of columns into three parts, running from end t- 

 end, the central being the widest. This form, too, was adoptc : 

 for the larger of the buildings devoted to Christian worship, ai 

 was the germ of the idea of the division of its more imposii, 

 edifices into the nave, or body of the church, and its aide aisle* 



Being thus Roman in the nature of their ground-plan, th< 

 Koman type of architecture, characterised by the plain rone/ 

 arch, also impressed itself on the general features of the earlic 

 Christian buildings. On the destruction of the Pagan temple 

 by order of the Emperor Constantino in the year 330, the mate- 

 rials of which they were composed were in many oases turner 

 to account for the new edifices for Christian worship ; and thi. 

 would tend, also, to keep up the Roman character prevalent in 

 their design. Thus was formed a style known as tho Jtoinatietque, 

 which prevailed throughout the early ages of the Church, and 

 of which the later styles known in onr own country as the 

 Saxon and the Norman were only modifications. 



As to the external appearance the earliest Christian buildings 

 presented, there is little doubt that they were for the most part 

 unpretending in character, and that some time elapsed before 

 there arose anything like a definite church architecture, beyond 

 that comprised in the general features to which we have alluded. 

 But as the Christian Church grew in security, and more atten- 

 tion became devoted to the subject of its edifices, a departure 



