LESSONS IN ITALIAN. 



245 



Qhtllo 



Arckinude 



Foyhtrd 



gfcino 



gh<St-to 



ghto-ro 



rah-kA-lal 



ahrr-keo-m6.dai 



vo-gai.rih 



bui-Kh.i-.no 



Ljh 

 Layhi 



fde-kee 



Jewry. 



Dormouse. 



Rachel. 



Archimedes. 



H will row. 



Biggin, a child's cap. 



8ea-clTes. 



Fig-trees. 



Leagues, alliances. 



I.;il..s. 



prai- gheee-rah Prayer, desire, 

 sin-gheeo-tso Sob, sigh, hiccough. 



Itth-ghee 



2. CTiia, Chie, Ohio, Chiu. 



I have explained the combination chi to bo sounded like keo. 

 Wh.'ii one of the five vowels follows this syllable, it is so inti- 

 mat.-ly blended with the following vowel, that a kind of squeezed 

 sound of chi is the result, the voice sliding, aa it were, from 

 ch k to the next vowel with great rapidity. 



Kalian. Pronounced. English. 



Chiai-o keeah-ro Clear, bright. 



r/iu-sa keeai-zah Church. 



Chioilo keeo-do Nail, I nail. 



Chiuso keeoo-zo Inclosed, inclosure. 



Tarchiato tahrr-keeah-to Plump, fat. 



Banch\re bahn-kee6-rai Banker. 



Jflchiorr mel-keeorr-roi Melchior. 



ConcJiiuso kon-keeoo-zo Concluded. 



Vecchio, vek-keeah An old woman. 



Secchi s^k-keeai Buckets. 



Succhio so6k-keeo Auger, juice. 



Schiumo skeeoo-mah Froth, scum. 



3. Ohio,, Ghic, Ohio. 



The remark made with respect to the syllable chi, followed 

 by any of the five vowels, is equally applicable to the syllable 

 ghi followed by a vowel : here, likewise, the syllable ghi is, as it 

 were, squeezed, and the voice must slide into the pronunciation 

 of the vowels that follow ghi with great rapidity. 

 Kalian. Pronounced. English. 



Ghtaja gheeah-yah Gravel, sand. 



Ghtera gheee-rah A ferrule. 



Ghiova gheeo-vah Clod, turf. 



Binghiar rin-gheeuh-rai To enarl. 



Preghiera 

 Singhiozzo 



The double zz, as well as the single z, may have the mild 

 sound of the word adze (with which, by the bye, the els in the 

 word Windsor corresponds), or the hard sound of tz in Switzer- 

 land. According to modern orthography, the letter z is gene- 

 rally doubled in the middle of words between two vowels, and 

 the pronunciation of this zz scarcely differs from that of the 

 single z. However, before diphthongs as, for example, ia, ie, 

 and io z must remain single, and has always, in such a case, 

 the sharp sound. For example, ringraziarc (rin-grah-tseeah-rai), 

 to thank; pigrizia (pee-gree-tseeah), idleness; inezie (ee-ne- 

 tseeai), follies; Bonifazio (Bo-nee-fah-tseeo), Boniface. 



Cinghio tchln-gheeah Girth. 



Unght* oon-gheeai Nails, hoofs. 



Ringhio rin-gheeo I grin, grinding the teeth. 



4. Cia, Cie, Cii, Cio, Ciu; Oia, die, Gii, Oio, Giv. 



Italian. Pronounced. English. 



Ctano tchah-no Blue-bottle (plant). 



Ciera tchai-rah The look, face, 



The vowel t before e, when both follow the consonant c, is 

 pronounced as though the i was not there, and the whole com' 

 bination only ce. The same remark, however, made with regard 

 to the combinations da, do, and du that in a more measured 

 enunciation the vowel i in these cases is slightly touched holds 

 good here also. 



Cio/o tcho-fo A mean fellow. 



Ciuco tchoo-ko An ass. 



Giorro jab-rub. Jar. 



Gielo je-lo Ice, frost, cold. 



The observation just made in the foregoing note with respect 

 to etc is strictly applicable to the syllable gie. It is always pro- 

 nounced as though the i was not there, unless slightly touched 

 in measured pronunciation. 



Giove jd-vai Jove, Jupiter. 



GKuda j6o-dah Judnh. 



Baciara bah tchah-nd To kiss, salute. 



ArcUre ahrr-tchA-nd Bowman, archer. 



Areione ftbrr-tcho-tuii Saddle-bow, saddle. 



Acciuga. aht-tcbuo>gah Anchory. 



No observation haa yet been nude in referenoe to the pro- 

 nnn'-iation of the double c (ee). Thia depend*. M well M the 

 pronunciation of double g (gg), on the rowel that follows the 

 latter c. If that vowel is o, o, or u, the <x is sounded like a 

 double k (Tdc) or ck. For examble, bocca (bdk-kah), mouth; beceo 

 (bek-ko), beak ; accusare (ahk-koo-zah-rai), to accuse. If, bow- 

 ever, that vowel which follows the letter e is e or i, the double 

 c (cc) is sounded something like tch in the English word match, 

 only perhaps stronger, and with vibration. On that account, I 

 have tried to imitate the stronger sound of the cc by the letters 

 itch, placing the first t in the first syllable, and tch at the 

 beginning of the second, just as I have attempted to imitate 

 the sound of the gg by placing d in one syllable and j at the 

 beginning of the next in such words as paggi (pahd-jee), page*, 

 attendants. The remark with respect to the pronunciation of 

 the gg, however, holds good of cc ; the voice must not pause too 

 long on the t of the syllable where the first c occurs, and glide 

 as quickly as possible to the pronunciation of the second c, 

 which must be very much vibrated. In this way a more equal 

 distribution of the sound tch between the two syllables will be 

 effected, which will produce the correct sound of the cc ; and 

 my imitation of that sound by ttch has no other object than to 

 indicate to the reader the necessity of giving a stronger vibra- 

 tion to the cc. It is obvious that when cc is followed by conso- 

 nants, it must be pronounced like k, just as the single c in the 

 like case must be so pronounced. For example, acclamare (ahk- 

 klah-mah-rai), to elect by acclamation, to applaud; accretcere 

 (ahk-krai-shai-rai), to increase, etc. When between the cc and 

 the vowels e or t the letter h is interposed, the cc is also sounded 

 like k, as well as the single c in such cases and for the same 

 reasons, the h being a mere auxiliary letter to indicate that cc 

 before e and i is not to have the sound of ttch, but of kk, as in 

 chicchera (kik-kai-rah), a tea-cup ; chiacchiera (keeahk-keeai-rah), 

 chit-chat. 



Pogiano fah-jah-no Pheasant. 



Rugiero roo-je-ro Boger. 



Ingiusfo in-joo-sto Unjust. 



Poncia pahn-tchah Belly, paunch. 



Specie spe-tchai Kind, species. 



Lercio terr-tcho Dirty, foul. 



Ciu/o tchoof-fo I catch or snap. 



Regia re-jah Royal palace. 



Buggio r<5od-jo Roaring. 



Giulio j6o-leeo A Roman coin, July. 



5. Qua, Que, Qui, Quo; Qua, Que, Qui, Quo. 

 Italian. Pronounced. English. 



Guado gwah-do A ford. 



Guclfo gwel-fo A Guelph, an ancient coin 



of Florence. 



Guida gwee-dah Leader, guide. 



Seguo sS-gwo I follow or pursue. 



Quasi kwah-zee Almost, as if. 



Questo kvai-sto This. 



Quito. kw^e-to I acquit, free. 



Qtiojo kwo-yo Leather, skin. 



Seguoc* sai-gwah-tchai Follower, disciple. 



Insegue in-se-gwai He pursues. 



Inguina in-gwee-nai Groin. 



Liquori lee-qwo-ree Liquors. 



Aquaria ah-kwah-reeo Aquarius. 



Loquela. lo-kwe-lah Speech, 



AquQa ah-qwee-lah Eagle. 



^Iquoso ah-qwo-so Aqueous, watery. 



Lingua, Un-gwah Tongue, language. 



Sangue sahn-gwai Blood. 



Pin^ua pin-gwai Fat, plump. 



PosQiia pih-skwah Easter. 



Cinque tchfn-kwai Five. 



Jniqvo ee-neVkwo Unjust, iniquitous. 



Adequi ah-d6-kwee Thou comparest. 



6. Cla, Cle, Cli, Clo, Clu; Qla, Qle, Qli, Glo, Glu. 

 Italian. Pronounced. English. 



Clava klah-vah Club. 



Clro kl*-ro Clergy. 



Clima kle^-m&h Climate. 



Cloto klo-to Clotho, one of the Fates. 



Clugio klo<S-reeo Clusium, a town. 



Gladio glih-deeo Sword, poniard. 



