LESSONS 





The interrogative pronouns, such a* voior, of what kind ? 

 roans, }u>w great If wartpm, n'lm-li (<-J tu-u)9 in becoming indefi- 

 nite and dependent, take 6 before them : thus, owoioj, of whatever 

 : ovoirui, of whatever // uwortpui, whicltever. 



The negative oompounda of rt namely, ovris, ovrt, ^TJTIV, 

 pirn, n ou'', in'tliing follow the simple Tij, thua : turns, ourwos, 

 UUTIVI, ouriva, ovrt, ovrtvts, >urtva, etc. 



EXERCISE 68. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. *O canrjp euros (or OUTOJ 6 ovTjp) ayados fffriv. 2. 'H 

 auri) (or avr-r) TJ yvwuri) SIKCUO. ta-nv. 3. 'H ywij r)$t (or 7j5t ^ 

 yuKT)) MOAT; tffnv. 4. 'O curjp ftttivos (or tKtifos 4 ai/rjp) /SacnAeus 

 tarty. 5. 'O /3o<r*Aeus atrros (or atrros 6 jSaenAti/s) ffTparrjyos 

 tarty. 6. 4>tp airr<p, ai ircu, TTJV /cAtiv. 7. Ectot irtpt Tecv avrwj' 

 TIJS auTTjj rjfj-fpas ou ravra yiyvinaitovffiv. 8. To \cyctp KOI TO 

 irpaTTtiv 01; TO.VTOI> toTJV. 9. Tauro TO poSa, a 6a\\(t tv TC/J 

 Ki)Tr<f, KaAa fffnv. 10. 2o<ov Tt xprjjua 6 avdpwiros eo'Ttj'. 11. Ei 



(plAtay TOU (for TtCOj) SlttKCIS, TOJ/ TpOTTOV OMTOU fJeTO^e. 12. Tt.V 



ypaipti TOUTTJI/ TTJI/ emffToAiji/ ; 13. Afye ^.oi <5ffTty TauTTjj/ TTJJ/ 

 ypcupti. 14. 'fly (by attraction for o) cxets, TOUTUV 

 iropx oi; (cowmunicaie <o others (some) of those things which 

 you have). 15. OAjor (crriv <j} iratSer <^iAo< <o-iv. 16. E/cfij/os 



oA^iWTOTOS, OTl^ (for (fTlfl) |U.7j5ef KOLKOV fffTll/. 17. T( <ppOITlflS ; 



18. Ou A<yw 6T4 QpovTifa. 19. Oiov TO 0oy e/coo"Toi/, Tojotn"os 

 6 0ioj. 20. Tis eo'Tj*' f/ceiv?) rj yvtnj ; 21. A7 jto> ^Tts (TTIV 

 Kevrj ^ yvvr\. 



There are some things in this exercise on which a few words 

 seem desirable. First advert to an exemplification of an enclitic, 

 as seen in the words aofyov n (10). 



Tt is here an instance of an enclitic ; first observe it comes 

 after ao<poi>, and then observe that it is so connected with it 

 as that the two are pronounced together, almost or quite as if 

 they were one word : thus, ffo<povri. In consequence of this, Tt 

 receives the name of enclitic ; and for the same reason, losing 

 its own accent, it throws it back on the preceding word : thus, 



<TO(p<JV Tl. 



You see, in these exercises, the free use made by the Greeks 

 of the article : thus, they say & avijp oirros, ri yvvri (Keivr], 

 ovros 6 nats, TOUTO TO irpuy/Ma (or TO irpay/j.a TOVTO), that is, the 

 woman this, or this the woman, for this woman; sometimes, 

 as when emphasis is sought, wo havo such a construction as the 

 following, b avrjp 6 oirros, the man, the this. 



The difference between the interrogative and indeterminate 

 pronouns is exemplified in two or three examples in the last 

 exercise, thus : 



Interrogative, rls ypa<ptt ravrr]v TI\V eirttrro\riv ; 

 Indefinite, \eyt /uot dffris TOVTTJJ/ TTJC firiffro 



The direct interrogative ris passes in the second sentence into 

 the indirect interrogative, or the dependent and indefinite dans : 

 take anoth 3r instance 



Direct Interrogative, rl Qpovri&is ; What are you anxiously 



caring for ? 



Indirect Interrogative, ou \fyu dri (pporrifa, I tell (thee) not what 



I am caring for. 

 EXERCISE 69. ENQLISH-GREEK. 



1. These men are good. 2. Those opinions are just. 3. The 

 children of this woman are beautiful. 4. Those roses are 

 beautiful. 5. The father himself writes the letter. 6. His son 

 (the son of him) is wise. 7. His daughter is beautiful. 8. 

 I admire those beautiful roses ; bring them to me. 9. The 

 children of the same parents are often different. 10. This rose 

 which blooms in the garden is beautiful. 



CORRELATIVE PRONOUNS 



are such as express a mutual relation one to another, as is 

 exemplified in the words how much ? so much ; this kind, that 



kind, etc. The/ may boarranyoti under tho heads 0f interro- 

 gative, indefinite, demonstrative, relative, and 'dependent pro- 

 nouna. Than, wdVoi, how much? (Latin, f/uanlu* f) ak* aquection 

 which ia answered bj roeot, to much (tantu) ; wovot may aluo 

 aignify of tome rite (aliquantun), and to become indefinite ; and 

 if we wish to My " I know not how much," we employ foot or 

 owotroj, and so call into use a relative and dependent form. 



Inter. Ivdef. Dmum. Rtl andDtp. 



wAffos, -i), -ov, voffoi, -TJ, -oi/, roffot (poetic), foot, -ij, -ox, 



how great? of tome rite. ro<ro<r8, or roffourjj, bwovot , -rj,-or, 

 how much f to great. how great. 



Kotos, -a, -or, wotot, -a, -ov, rotot, -a, -ov {poetic), oiot, -a, -or, 

 of what kind? of some kind. roto<rti, or TJIOVTOI, OTTOIOS, -a,- or, 

 (qualis 7) of that kind (talia). of what kind. 



w)Aj)foj,-ij,-oi', wanting. TIJA<OT, -r),-ovfapoetic), IJ\IKOS, -i),-o?, 

 of what age ? rij\tKO(r9t, Air-rjAi/coj, 



T7)A(KOUTOJ, hoW Old. 



of that age. 



Tho enclitic yt is appended to the personal pronouns of the 

 first and second person, so as to give force and prominence to 

 the word, as tywyf, tpoiyt, f/xoiryc, f^tyt, <rvy(, etc. It ia almost 

 impossible to give an English equivalent for yt, for by this, 

 as well as by other particles, the Greeks expressed shades of 

 meaning to which we 1 ave no counterparts; yt, however, may 

 bo approximative^ rendered by at least, or but, sometimes by 

 yes, as in alHrwative sentences. 



The particles STJ, SIJTOTC, and ow are added to the inter- 

 rogative and indefinite pronouns, as well as to ocro?, in order 

 to generalise their application, that is, to make them apply to 

 everything included in the idea they convey, having a force 

 similar to our ever, soever, etc., as in whatsoever, whosoever, how 

 much soever, etc. : for example, iffTjo-Srj, 6ffTtffSrfiror(, offrtffow, 

 rinffovv, b-riovv, whoever, whosoever, whosoever it may be, etc. 

 (Latin, quicunque) ; genitive, o\mvoaouv or &TOVOVV, ^anvovovv ; 

 dative, (prtvtow or drcaovi/, etc. ; so also, SiroffoffSij, bicovotrow, 

 , how greater soever (Latin, quantuscunque) ; genitive, 

 , biroffovovv , biroffj\tTovv, oiroffouSrrirorf, 1>To<n\a- 



SlJTTOTf. 



Tho enclitic irtp is subjoined to relatives, in order to raise the 

 relative import into a demonstrative, or to give emphasis, aa 

 bffirtp, i)iTfp, OTTtp, who indeed ; so baoaietp, oloffirtp , also, 60nrtp, 

 and uOanrtp- 



Tho inseparable i demonstrativum, demonstrative iota, ia 

 affixed to demonstratives as well as to some adverbs, to augment 

 the demonstrative force, being equivalent to our vulgar there, 

 as in " which man do you mean? this man ? " " No, that man 

 there." This nso of i resembles the Latin ce, as in hicce, and 

 the French ci, as in celui-ci. 



ifosciiiiri*. Feminine. Neuter. 



Sing. N. ouroffi, that man; OUTTJI, that woman; TOWTJ, that thing. 

 Gen. Tovrovt . Tavrrjffi ; 



Dat. TOVT(pt ; TOfTJJJ ,- 



Plur. N. ovToti ; afnan ; ravri. 



So in <55(, 7j5(, ToSt, from <58e ; ourutrt, from ovrtas ; tt>9a&i, vvw^ 

 Scvpi. 



KEY TO EXEECISES IN LESSONS IN GREEK. XIX. 



EXERCISE 62. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. I write, but them plarest. 2. I worship thee, O mighty Jove. 

 3. O sou, hear me. 4. My father is very dear to me. 5. God ever 

 sees thee. 6. If you injure me, you differ nothing from my enemies. 

 7. I am stronger than you. 8. Gladly do I obey thee, O father. 9. 

 We rejoice with you. 10. The lyre delights you. 11. God affords us 

 ntany good things. 12. The father loveth you. 13. Fij,ht manfully, 

 O soldiers, for it is your duty to guard the city; for if you fly, all the 

 city is destroyed. 14. It is your duty, O boys, to loam your letters 

 eurdestly. 15. The mother loves as. 16. Ours ia an evil rtiasMn. 

 17. Ye have a most trusty friend. 18. The father gratifies you, for 

 you learn your letters well. 19. O lord, listen to mo 



EXERCISE 63. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. 'llpcir /icy tpajmncv, tifjuit ie waiftrt. 2. Nw fit fpaftror, *+ 3 

 iraifTC. 3. 'Yfiut TIJIM, a Otoi. 4. 'llfiaiv a it out, a rcu. 5. Qtot act vftat 

 /SAcirci. 6. EJ aa /JXarreit ri/iar, &ia<p(pcir ot-6v TWI> f x^P* 1 *- 7. ! 

 Xaipftt r)M'"- 8- *> I'Hoiv, > T<NCr, axovo^cu. 9. O warnp frtfijtt C/1C re 

 at. 10. 'Y/iar M^orepovc >i /IIJTMP ffrtp^ti. 11. Euon e<rn ^vXarrci* TO 

 OIKUV, (fa TOP ci/td 6 <f>v\a( TOO OIKOV. 12. Zo earic, w vat, 

 owov&aivt. 13. 'II Xvpa wup<x n&oviv "oi xai tfiw. 14. I^wv trn 



