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Tl UMINt ^ uK TUB MIDLAND It.ULWAY. ST. I'.\ ' 



LESSONS IN ARCHITECTURE. XVII. 



RAILWAY ARCHITECTURE. -III. 



roof above, as seen in the illustration. Thus the weight of tho 

 roof is divided between the pillars at the sides and the tie-beam* 

 which run across, and tho different members of the trust or 



HAVING described the chief features of a railway line, with its framework mutually support each other. The meeting-point* 



viaducts, etc., we come now to its stations and terminal points. 

 Here we find endless variety in construction, according to the 

 wants of the traffic and the means available for the work. Common 

 railway stations of brick or wood differ so little from ordinary 

 buildings as to reqinre no particular comment ; but tho use of 

 iron has given rise to some distinctive features in railway archi- 



of all the rods are pn >v;.l. i with plates and sockets, which aro 

 fastened with bolts and nuts. 



A similar method is adopted in the construction of all roof* 

 of the ridged form, whether the material be wood or iron, and 

 tho chief portions of the truss always bear the name* here 

 mentioned. More complicated arrangements are frequently 



tecture, quite as striking in their way as the bridges before seen, double rafters and additional struts or braces being em- 



described. 



Commencing 1 with the simplest forms 

 of construction in which iron is the 

 manorial employed, we give in the 

 annexed engraving an illustration of 

 the framework of an ordinary station 

 available for the stoppage of trains. 

 The walls of the building consist of iron 

 pillars more or less ornamental, and 

 either entirely open at the sides, or with 

 the spaces between the pillars filled in 

 with brickwork, etc. 



It is in the formation of the roof 

 that the skill and knowledge of the 

 architect are especially displayed, it 

 being necessary to combine durability 

 with lightness, and tho greatest pos- 

 sible saving of material with perfect strength in the structure. 



In the ridged roof before ns, rods of wrought iron, called tho 



">is, are placed horizontally from th piihrs OTI one 

 those on the other, and servo as a support for the rafters which 

 form the roof, as well as to tie or bind the walls in their proper 

 ion. 



FF.AHKWORK OF AN OBMNAUT IKON RAILWAT STATION. 



ployed ; but in ridged roofs of larger 

 dimensions the general principles of 

 construction are in all cases the same. 

 In some of the more important 

 stations, and especially in the ter- 

 mini of onr principal lines, the 

 arc-lied form of roof is frequently em- 

 ployed ; and in some instance*, as in 

 the termini of the Great Northern 

 anil Midland Railways at King's 



I and St. Pancras, these 

 are of great span and proportions. 

 \Yc \\-.\\ Jir-t .iescribe the str.. 

 forming the terminus of the Great 

 TII. This roof in supported 

 by large semi-circular gin:- 

 of battens of wood jointed by iron bolts. 



and crossed transversely by horizontal iron rods, which com- 

 plete the framework for the covering. As an example of the 

 use of wood in this frrtn. thin station is rery remarkable ; bnt 

 in later constructions of i kind, iron has quite super- 



seded the other material, and in the reconstruction of the roof 



Tho apex of the roof, formed by tho meeting of the wrought iron was mainly employed. Massive plates, formed in 

 rafters, is supported by vertical rods of iron called king-potts, segments of a cirrle, are bolted together, and thus arc formed 

 which arc securely fastened to the tie-beams below. To give roofs of the largest span and the mot durable character. 

 additional support to the roof, and to relieve tho sides of the a fundamental principle in the construction of all roof*, that 

 building from too great other rods, tcrino<l ftn'!.<, nro their weight shonid be so disposed as to exert only a rfrlital 



fixed diagonally between the bottom of each king-post and the pressure upon the walls, and not in any decree a force that 

 75 X.K. 



