IX LA 







-it for tho scion of her feet, no slumlx i 



!emp'..-i of hrr head. As it purely M-.-iiUr st.it,-. having kings 

 lik.- other :. . i.s, she wan woak in Hpito of tin- culture <>f her 



.ruling temptation to tie- great prine,-- 



to swallow ln-r up. Tin- history of u :..T domMtio 



trouble*, <>f IUT Huliji-etion, rcrovery of independence, ninl final 



ilflcti.-- - a hi.-tiiry full of general intci- 



: - full of pity ; but it in tin- 

 whom Hi.- .-tud.-iit .MM f.-i-l litti,' parti. -mar lympati 



who .-. -, -in to have provoked HO thoroughly tho wrath that 



MM., uj". ii tin-in as almost to make oue approve tbo acts of 



iiciiiies in thein.selves reprehensible. 



: .ylon. Syria those were the states against wni.-h 

 . In. 1. ill had at \ :irioii-< time* 1. t.-ii.l. The Kdomitcs, 1'hilis- 



.nid Ammonites were les-.-r foes, let loose upon her from 

 time to time, with tho intention apparently of bringing her back 

 to IUT allegiance through the medium of sorrow. Heedless of 

 the warnings given to her, thankless for help lent, she was 

 ,-illowi'il to aceompliHh the mini of her transgressions by crucify- 

 ing the King to whom .; . had look.-.! forward for redemption. 

 The I'rinee whose coming had been foretold with increasing 

 ; y prophet after prophet, tho assurance of whose 

 Burning had I., -i! the comfort of the people when by the waters 



\ Ion they sat down and wept, was betrayed by his friends 

 and put to death by his subjects, who could not recognise him 

 through tho mist which centuries of disobedience and unfaith- 

 fulness had cast before their eyes. Scattered throughout tho 

 world, no more a nation though a people, the Jews still hesitate 

 to ask for the King who shall reign over them. When the Jews 

 are assured that tho kings they have had, from Saul to Caesar, 

 were no kings, and acknowledge the wrong their fathers did in 

 renouncing the King of kings, looking upon their punishment 

 through these long ages as a just retribution, they will be 

 restored to their own land. Later on it is to be hoped, in God's 

 -own time, they will recognise the means by which the days 

 were shortened so aa to allow of the remnant, which they repre- 

 sent, being saved. As it is, they sing the Lord's song in a 

 -t range laud. 





MECHANICS. XII. 



TSE PULLET. 



IN the machines we have so far considered, the essential parts 

 were rigid. It was a beam, or a spoke, or a complete wheel, or 

 an axle we had to deal with ; and if a rope was used, it was 

 only with a view to connecting the power or resistance with 

 these rigid parts. But it may have escaped your notice that, in 

 usintr a rope for this purpose you had fallen on a veritable 

 machine. Such is the case ; a rope is a machine a most con- 

 venient machine which possesses the peculiar property of not 

 only transmitting a force from one point to another in its 



original di- 

 rection, but 

 also sending 

 it, very little 

 impaired, 

 round any 

 number of 

 corners, into 

 a correspond- 

 ing number 

 of successive 

 new direc- 

 tions. This 



practical advantage everybody is familiar with ; nobody more 

 than the British sailor, whoso daily work consists in no small 

 in sending the muscular power of his arms round all 

 manner of corners for the benefit of the good ship he navigates. 

 The Pulley, the third of tho mechanical powers, is the instru- 

 ment by which this object is gained in practice. In its simplest 

 form it consists of a rope which passes round a small solid wheel 

 which is itself mounted in a block. In theory, neither wheel 

 nor blork a: sable parts of the machine; the single 



essential is the rope which is supposed to be perfectly flexible, 

 and to turn round a mere point without experiencing any resist- 

 ance from rubbing against it, that is, from friction. 



The theory of the pulley, thus based on the suppositions of 

 perfect flexibility and absence of friction, may be understood 



Vlg. 08. 



from the upper part of Fig. 67. Let A, B. c, D, be any number 

 (nay four) of rings, representing *> many point*, through which 

 a rope paiwe, enabling a force, p, at 

 one end to balance a renistanoe, w, at 

 the other. The flexibility being per- 



ring, v is transmitted unimpaired, and 

 we have therefore the power equal to 

 the resistance, whether the ring* are 

 all fixed in position, or aome be mov- 

 able. 



But in practice, the roppoi.it i JIM made 

 do not hold good, neither i* the rope 

 perfectly flexible, nor tho friction nothing. For the former 

 reason each corner must be rounded off to relieve the rope 

 from tho sharp bends at A, B, c, D ; and for the latter, these 

 rounded corners are made into small, wheels, as at B, r, O, H, 

 which move round with tho 

 rope, and prevent the power 

 being diminished by the fric- 

 tion that would result, were 

 the rope allowed to slide round 

 them. Thus the theoretical 

 pulley in the upper pai ' ,.!' 

 Fig. 67 becomes tbo practical 

 one in the tower, where the 

 rings are replaced by wheels ; 

 and though some friction re- 

 mains, and default of flexi- 

 bility to impair p in its trans- 

 mission, we say practically, 

 as we did before theoretically, 

 that still the power is equal to 

 the resistance. 



The relations of the power 

 and resistance in the various 



forms and combinations of pulley can now be easily determined 

 There is first the Single Pulley, which is of two kinds, fixe 1 and 

 movable ; and of these in various combinations, the more com- 

 plex forms, termed Compound Pulleys, are made. At . \ 

 we have a single fixed pulley, round which a rope passes, to the 

 extremities of which the power and resistance are applied. The 

 rope being equally strained on both sides, these forces must be 

 equal ; but, as both pull in the same direction downwards, the 

 strain on the beam which is their resultant is twice as much as 

 either the power or tho weight, that is, double the resistance. 



At b, iii tho same Fig , is the Movable Pulley, sometimes termed 

 a " Runner." The rope attached at one end to the rafter above 

 is thence carried downwards and round the pulley, and the 

 power is then applied acting upwards, to the other end. At c 

 is another form of this Runner, but the power is a weight, p, 

 acting downwards, but round a smaller fixed pulley, producing 

 thus the same effect as at 6. In both these the forces are 

 parallel, and the weight is evidently double the strain on either 

 string ; whence, since the power is manifestly equal to the 

 strain, we infer that the power is equal to half the resistance, or 

 weight raised. 



If the two portions of the rope be not parallel, as in the 

 movable pnlley represented at Fig. 69, the resistance, \v, is 

 equal and opposite to the resultant of the two equal strains on 

 the portions of rope attached to the hook a, and turning round 

 the fixed pulley I. The angle between these portions is bisected 

 by tho vertical lino w t ; and if we measure on the rope 

 portion, w g, equal to the power, and draw from g a line, ;/ /. 

 perpendicular to w t, to meet that line in t, twice u- 1 will repre- 

 sent the resistance. 



Fig. 69. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XXXIV. 



DEVIATIONS FROM THE MODEL CONJUGATIONS 



THK four conjugations are only so many classes into which 

 Latin verbs are put. These classes are determined by the 

 tokens alroady stated, and the verbs in thorn are formed ac- 

 cording to the models already given. But the verbs which 

 make up these classes do not exhaust the whole stock of Latin 

 verl'-i. There are others that more or less depart from the 

 models. The verbs that depart from the models may in 



