COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 



(7.) Compound noons of which the second word indicate* 

 plurality, take * in the singular an 1 plural : 



ular. r/iiroZ. 



porte-clgares, cij/ur-caM. porte-rlicarei, cujar-eiutt. 



porte-clefs, tuntky. portc-clefs, turnkey*. 



(8.) Words composed of two verbs, or of a verb joined to 

 an adverb, or a preposition, are invariable : 



Sin-julif. Plural. 



passe-partout, mcuter.kiy. passe-partout, matttr-keyi. 



j>our buire, coachman's fee. pour-boire, coaohman*. /M.. 



11. NOUNS WHICH HAVB NO PLURAL. 



(1.) The nouns of motals considered in themselves ; an or, 

 juld; argent, sih;-,- ; plomb, /(. I; etain, pewter; fer, iron; 

 cuivre, <-C^I/KT; vif-argent, </iuV/.-.M/r<T, etc. 



(2.) Aromas ; such as, baume, baltam ; eocene, incense, etc. 



(3.) The namoa of virtues and vices, and some names relating 

 to physical and moral man ; as, la jeunesse, youth ; la beaute, 

 i ; la bonte, goodness; le courage, outrage. 



(4.) Adjectives used substantively ; as, le beau, Ut beautiful ; 

 1'utile, the useful, etc. 



12. NOUNS WHICH HAVE NO SINGULAR IN THE 8EN8K 

 HEBE GIVEN. 



Arrhes, 



Auuales, 



Appas, 



ArK'rages, 



Arrete(tHreaux), 



Assises, 



Broussaillcs, 



Catacombes, 



CistMiux, 



Confius, 



Dennis, 



Vivres, 



Decombres, 



trennes, 



Environs, 



Aleutours, 



earnest money. 



annaU. 



charms. 



arrears. 



to be under arrest. 



assizes. 



Irtw/urood. 



catacombs. 



siisora, 



confines. 

 > prom'*ion. 



rutrw, rubbish, 

 new year's presents. 



Kntraves, 



Funt' rallies, 



Fr.iis, 



dog**, 



Oens, 



Lunettes, 



Moeurs, 



Moucbettes, 



Pierreries, 



Pincettes, 



Pleurs, 



Se in allies, 



Tenebres, 



Tenuillcs, 



Vitraux, 



difficulties. 



betrothing. 



funeral. 



expenses, costs. 



wages. 



people. 



spectacles. 



manners. 



snuffers. 



jewels, diamonds. 



tongs. 



(Mrs, 



seeding time. 



darkness. 



pincers. 



window-glass. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN FRENCH. 



EXERCISE 173 (Vol. II., page 386). 



1. Sir, to what shall I have the pleasure of helping you? 2. I will 

 ask you for a slice of that ham. 3. Have the goodness to help those 

 gentlemen. 4. I will thank you for a slice of that boiled meat. 5. 

 Shall I offer you a slice of that roast meat ? 6. I am much obliged 

 to you, Sir; I have enough. 7. Miss (Madam), shall I have the 

 honour of helping you to a wing of this partridge ? 8. I thank you, 

 Sir, I would prefer one of those ortolans. 9. Sir, shall I send you (a 

 little) soup ? 10. Madam, have the goodness to help this young lady. 

 11. I will ask you for a little afterwaris. 12. John, present thU 

 cutlet to that gentleman. 13. These vegetables are d-jlicious. 14. Sir, 

 1 am very glad that you find them good. 15. Sir, will you not sit 

 down? (Will you not sit down, Sir ?) 16. I am exceedingly obliged to 

 you, Sir, my father is waiting for me at home. 17. Have you not 

 wished them good morning ? 18. I have wished them good evening. 

 19. Have you bid them adieu (farewell) ? 20. I have bid my brother 

 adieu (farewell). 21. I have taken leave of them. 22. Have you 

 desired them to walk in ? 23. I hare (desired them.). 21. Gentlemen, 

 the dinner is on the table. 25. Have the goodness to sit here. 



EXERCISE 174 (Vol. II., page 386). 



1. Madame, que vous servirai-je ? 2. Je vous demauderai un mor- 

 ceau de ce jaiubou. 3. Vous enverrai-je une ailo de cetto volatile? 4. 

 Je vous reraercie, Monsieur. 5. S'il vous plait, Monsieur. 6. Mon- 

 sieur, aurui-je le plaisir de vous servir une tranche (un morcau) do oe 

 jnmbou ? 7. Je vous remercie, Monsieur, je prendrai de preference un 

 morceau de cette perdrix. 8. Vous offrirai-jo un petit morceau de ce 

 bouilli ? 9. Je vous rends graces, Monsieur ; j'en ai. 10. Madame, 

 vous enverrai-je un pen de potage? 11. Mille remerciments, Mon- 

 sieur. ) 2. Monsieur, oserai-je vous prier de servir Mademoiselle ? 

 13. Avec beaucoup de plaisir, Monsieur. 14. Jean, presentez cette 

 soupc P. Monsieur. 15. Ces ortolans sont delicieux. 16. Je suis binu 

 aise quo vous les trouviez bous. 17. A-t-ou servi ? 18. Non, Monsieur ; 

 on u'a pas encore servi. 19. II est trop tut 20. Vous plait-il d'y 

 oiler ? 21. II ne me plait pas d'oller chez lui ; mais j'iroi si vous le 

 desirez. 22. Irai-je avoc vous? 23. Comme il vous plain. 24. 

 Votre ami ne veut-il pas s'asseoir ? 25. II vous est fort obligl ; il n'a 

 pas le temps aujourd'bui. 26. Ave^-vous souhaite 1 le bonjour a votre 

 ami ? 27. Je lui ai souhoitt* le bonsoir. 28. Ne lui avez-vous pas dit 

 adieu? 29. Je lui ai dit adieu. 30. Ayez la complaisance de Tons 



mettre (..<>.>) )<rf. 81. J'ai pris eongtf d****. M. J'ai pris 

 too* mes amis. 



EXIRCICB 176 (Vol. II., page 887). 

 1. What hotel does your brother keep ? 2. He keep* the hotel of 



Europe (Korean Hottl) street. 8. Dos* yo*r BtUe bey 



keep himself very clean ? 4. He keep* bimsrU very dea*. 5. What 

 will be your decision ? (Oy waat aWwum 01 yo thilet) c 

 abide by what I have told you. 7. Do you not know what to decide ? 

 8. I know perfectly what to decide (to aM* by). 9. Why do yea 

 remain standing? 10. Because we have so time to sit down. 1). 

 Have you not forbidden those young men to as* such language? IX. 

 I have forbidden them (lit it to them). 13. Has not your coachman 

 used very insolent language ? 14. Are you not afraid of getting cold, 

 by keeping the doors open? 15. We would prefer keeping them shut. 

 16. Does your master (ttaehtr) recommend yon to keep your bead 

 upright? 17. He recommends me to keep my feet outwards. 18. 

 Why does not your friend keep you company? 19. Hi* sister i* 

 indisposed ; be is obliged to remain with her. 20. Has not yoar node 

 filled the place of a father towards you? 21. He bos bee* to me a 

 father and mut)i>-r. 



EXERCISE 176 (Vol. II., page 387). 



1. Ce monsieur tient-il table onverte ? 2. II tient un hotel a Paris. 

 3. Pourquoi tenez-vons les fenl-tres ouvertes? 4. Nous les tenon* 

 ouvertes parce que nous avons trop cbaud. 5. Votre ami n'a-t-il pa* 

 tenu so parole ? 6. II a tenu sa parole ; il tient toujours sa parole. 

 7. N 'avez-vous pas dit a votre Icolier de tenir la Wte droite? 8. Je 

 lui ai dit de teuir la ti-te droite et les yenx ouverts. 9. Pourqnoi ne 

 tenez-vous pas compagnie a votre noeur? 10. Parce que /ai prosmis 

 d' oiler chez mon cousin ce matin. 11. Avez-vons detendu a vote* petit 

 garton de tenir de tels propos? 12. Je le lui oi dlfendu. 13. Tient-il 

 un langoge insolent? 14. Non, Monsieur. 15. A quoi vous en tfsB- 

 drcz-vous? 16. Je m'en tiendrai a ce que j'si dit a M. votre pere. 

 17. Avez-vous fait tenir cet argent a votre smi ? 18. Je ne le lui si 

 pcs encore fait teuir. 19. Le lui ferez-vous tenir demain? 20. Je le 

 lui ferai tenir, si j'ai une occasion. 21. Pourqnoi ne vous tenez-vone 

 pas debout ? 22. Parce que je suis fatigue. 23. Pensex-vous que la 

 couleur de votre habit tienne ? 24. Je crois qn'elle tiendra ; ell* 

 parnit trcs bonne. 25. Ne regarderez-vous pas de prea snx affaire* de 

 votre frere ? 26. Je ii'y regarderai pas de pres. 27. Je m'en tiendrai 

 a votre opinion. 28. Ne tenez-vous pas a votre opinion ? 29. Je n> 

 tiens pas trop. 



COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. XVL 



GASTEROPODA. 



THE classes of the Mollusca hitherto described have been 

 sivo in their habits and methods of feeding. We hare 

 that, for the most part, they are fixed or moved about at the 

 mercy of the waves. Even when locomotive, locomotion is 

 with them rather for the purpose of change of place than for 

 definite progression. They are not pursuers of other mim^la 

 nor do they graze on the copious vegetation of the ocean, but 

 they are dependent on what the current, which their cilia create, 

 brings them for nutriment. With them the obtaining of freak 

 water for breathing and food for nutriment is one and the 

 same act. In conformity with their habits they are almost 

 devoid of organs of sense, and wholly without instrument* for 

 seizing prey. They have, it is true, a double nerve-knot above 

 the mouth, but this, though in the position of a brain, can 

 hardly be said to have the function of perception which we 

 usually associate with the brain. Two other pain of nerve- 

 knots generally communicate with this, and they are often 

 much larger than it. One of them has the two halve* which 

 compose the pair more or less removed from one another, each 

 lying at the point of junction of the mantle and gills on it* 

 own side, and sending nerves to these organ*. The othei 

 double knot lies in the foot, and i* more or le** developed 

 according as the foot is large, small, or rudimentary. Thee* 

 three double nerve-knots are called respectively the cephalic 

 (head), parieto-splanchnio (mantle and visceral), and pedal 

 (foot) ganglia. In the case of the pecten, fringe* of feeler* 

 and of eye-spots run round the mantle, and these imperfect anil 

 perhaps questionable organs of sense are supplied from the 

 parieto-splanchnio ganglia; and this pair of ganglia no doubt 

 represent the only nerve-knot which exist* in the Tunicata and 

 Polyzoa. In their case, also, it supplies nerve* to the tentacle* 

 and other organs of sense which they posses*. This pair of 

 ganglia may therefore be considered to be the seat of perception 

 rather than the cephalic. Another of the functions of the brain, 

 however, may be assumed to belong to the cephalic pair of 

 ganglia, and that is the function of volition. All the other 



