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THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XXXVI. 



DEVIATIONS IN THE SECOND CONJUGATION. 

 MANY verbs of the second conjugation are without supines ; 

 such are, horreo, I am stiff; paveo, I fear; floreo, I flourish. 



1. Perfect, -UI ; Supine, -TUM. 



i. Arceo, arcere, arcui (no supine), to keep off, restrain. Artna 

 or arctus, the passive participle of arceo, is used as an adjective 

 in the sense of restrained, close, tight ; connected with artus, -us, 

 a joint. The compounds of arceo, in which the a passes into e, 

 are formed like moneo ; as, coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitum, 

 to hold together, hold in, keep back. 



ii. Doceo, docere, docui, doctum (with 2 ace.), to teach. 



iii. Miscere, misceri, miscui, mixtum or mistum (with dat.), 

 io mix. 



iv. Teneo, tenere, tenui (tentum in compounds), to hold. 



v. Torreo, torrere, torrui, tostum, to dry, parch, toast. 



The student may here advantageously stop a moment, in order 

 to compare his Latin with his English. Obviously in horreo 

 (horridus), we have our horrid; in floreo, our flower ; in coerceo, 

 our coerce and coercion; in moneo, our monition, monitor, and 

 admonition ; in doeeo, our doctor; in misceo, our mix ; in teneo, 

 our tenet ; and in torreo, our torrid and our toast : to such an 

 extent do the Latin and the English agree. These facts lie oa 

 the surface. An acquaintance with philology would disclose 

 other facts. Thus, our teach is the same word as the Latin 

 docere; and the two are found in the Greek didaskein; thus, 

 teach, doce, dasc, have a common origin and a common import. 



2. Perfect in -ui ; Supine in -UM. 



Only one verb. Censeo, censere, censui, censum, to give an 

 opinion, estimate, take the census, to judge. 



Thus are the compounds formed : recenseo, I go over, investi- 

 gate, revise, has recensitum as well as recensum ; percensere, to 

 go through, recount, has no supine. 



3. Perfect in -EVI ; Supine in -ETXJM. 



i. Deleo, delere, delevi, deletum, to destroy. 



ii. Flere, to weep. 



iii. Nere, to spin. 



iv. Complero (and other compounds of the obsolete plere). 

 to fill. 



v. Aboleo (from the obsolete oleo, I grow), to abolish, form: 

 in the supine abolitum. This verb does not occur until after the 

 Augustan age. 



vi. Cieo, ciere, civi, citum, to arouse, slightly differs from the 

 model. Cio, cire, civi, citum (never citum), follows the fourth 

 conjugation. The compounds of the above follow the forms of 

 the simple verbs, as, concieo, -iere (rare), -ivi, -itum; concio, -ire, 

 -itum ; excieo, -iere, -ivi, -itum ; excio, -ire, -ivi, -itum ; percieo, 

 -iere (rare), -ivi, -itum; percio, -ire, -ivi, -itum; accieo, -iere, -ivi, 

 -itum; and accio, accire, accivi, accitum. Cieo means to stir up; 

 concieo, to arouse ; excieo, to call forth; percieo, to arouse tho- 

 roughly ; accieo, to fetch; and accio, to call to, send for. 



Aboleo is in signification somewhat curious. Its root, oleo 

 (olo), means to grow; hence, adoleo, to flourish in growth; and 

 adolescens, a young man, age during the period of growth. By 

 the force of the prefix ab, from, the verb aboleo denotes to be 

 checked in growth, then to grow down, and so to perish or to destroy. 



I have said above that the word does not belong to the, Au- 

 gustan age. This is as much as to say that the word is not of 

 the purest Latin source. Three ages may be distinguished in 

 Roman literature, the pre-Augustan, the Augustan, the post- 

 Augustan : the first comprising the writers who lived before the 

 age of the first Roman emperor, namely, Augustus (B.C. 63 

 A.D. 14) ; the second, those who lived during that age ; and the 

 third, those who lived after that age. In the second class stanc 

 Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Sallust, Livy, and Horace. Undoubtedly 

 these are very great names. But why should Lucretius be made 

 light of, because he lived before, or Tacitus, because he lived 

 after the days of Augustus ? And is Cornelius Nepos, on the 

 ground that he flourished in the middle of the period, preferable 

 to Suetonius, because he wrote when the period had run out ? 

 In truth, the distinction is to some extent arbitrary, as well as 

 indefinite, and it has been made to pass for more than it i: 

 worth. These remarks, however, are made to explain what is 

 meant by the Augustan age, rather than to question its propriety 

 or disparage its worth. Beyond a question, during that age 

 lived and wrote Roman authors whose style is the model. But 



>ecause they are excellent, it by no means ensues that other 

 'ood writers are not of authority. However, this classification 

 s far better than that which it has superseded, and which 



divided the Roman writers into those of the iron, those of the 

 >razen, those of the silver, and those of the golden age. Having 

 ^aken a little refreshment in a topic of general interest, we must 



now resume our verbal studies. 



4. Perfect in -i ; Supine in -TUM. 



The short vowel of the stem is lengthened in the perfect : 

 i. Caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum, to guard against (ab. aliquo). 

 ii. Faveo, favere, favi, fautum (rare), to be favourable, to favour 

 takes the dative). 



iii. Foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum, to warm, cherish, nurse. 

 iv. Moveo, inovere, movi, motum, to move. 

 v. Voveo, vovere, vovi, votum, to vow. 



Phe ensuing have no supine : 

 vi. Ferveo, fervere, fervi, to be hot, boil. 



vii. faveo, pavere, pavi, to dread (expavescere is more common), 

 viii. Conniveo, connivere, to close the eyes, wink. 



VOCABULARY. 



Admiscere.fo mix with, Distinere, to keep apart, Quominus eofacilior, 



mingle. occupy. the less the more 



Agere gratias, to give Exclude, -si, -sum, 3, easy. 



thanks. I shut out. Bemovere, to remove. 



Allobroges, -um, the Gallina, -se, f., a lien. Eespiro, 1, I breatlie. 



Allobroges, a people Gravitas,-atis,f .,weight, Sedo, 1, I still. 



of Gaul. earnestness. Sustinere, to uphold, 



Amplexor, 1, 1 embrace. Homo, adv.,t7us season. support (E. E. sus- 



Ascensus, -us, m., a Iinplico, 1, I enfold, tain). 



going up, ascent. implicate. Testis, -is, c. (common, 



blades, -is, t., slaughter. Pons, -tis, m., a bridge. that is, either mas- 



Dedlco, 1, I dedicate, Publice, publicly, at the online or feminine), 



consecrate. public expense. a witness. 



Deprehendo, -di, -sum, Pullus, -i., m., a young i Uva, -82, f., a grape. 



3, I take hold of . animal. \ Vigiliee, -arum, a watch, 



EXERCISE 133. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Ciceronem Minerva omnes artes edocuit. 2. Gravitas modesties 

 mista maxime admirahllis est. 3. Tot, tantisque negotiis distentus 

 sum, ut mihi non liceat libBre respirare. 4. Nescisne quot labores, 

 quot pericula, quot miserias milites in itinSre sustinuSrint ? 5. Si 

 virtus te a malis cupiditatibus arcuerit, vita tua beata erit. 6. Cicero 

 per legates cuncta doctus, prsetoribus imperavit, ut in ponte Allobroges 

 deprehenderent. 7. Ne animi se admisceant hominum vitiis. 8. Bonis 

 'acilis ascensus est in coelum. 9. Quo minus auimi se admiscuerint atque 

 implicaverint hominum vitiis atque erroribus, eo facilior illis ascensus 

 in ccelum erit. 10. Simplex animi natura est, nee habet in so quicquam 

 admixtum. 11. Vescimur uvis sole tostis. 12. Homo multas uvas 

 torruimus. 13. Cato Carthaginem delendam esse censuit. 14. Quinto 

 quoque anno tota Sicilia ceusa est. 15. Duee urbes potentissimae, 

 Carthago et Nurnantia, a Scipione suut deletae. 16. Grsecorum Eo- 

 manorumque gloriam nulla unquam oblivio delevit, nee unquam delebit. 

 17. Deus bonis omnibus mundum implevit, mali nihil adrniscuit. 



EXERCISE 134. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Cicero was instructed in all arts by Minerva. 2. The citizens 

 have vowed six temples (to be built) at the public expense. 3. They 

 have consecrated a temple to Venus. 4. The mother cherishes her 

 infant. 5. The mother always will cherish her children. 6. The wives 

 cherished their husbands. 7. The slaughter of the troops raised great 

 weeping in the city. 8. I know not what labours thou hast sustained. 

 9. You know not what labours I have sustained. 10. Thy father has 

 kept thee away from vice. 11. Give thanks to thy father because he 

 kept thee away from evil. 12. Let not your mind mix itself with (dat.) 

 the cares of this life. 13. I have cherished great love in thy breast. 

 14. Great love towards thee has been cherished in my breast. 15. Who 

 moved (caused) this war ? 16. The generals of the enemy moved this 

 war. 17. Thy excited mind will never be stilled. 18. Blot out those 

 words. 19. He has blotted out tho history of his reign. 20. Evil 

 deeds are not easily blotted out. 21. Thy father gave it as his opinion 

 that wickedness should be blotted out. 



CONSTRUCTION OF "DOCEO," I teach. 



Doceo has in the active voice two accusatives, or a double 

 object, one of the person, the other of the thing. In the passive 

 voice the latter may be retained, and thus we have the anomaly 

 of an object in the passive voice. In English, to teach may have 

 the same construction, as 



Active : I teach the young Latin. 



Passive : The young are taught Latin by me. 



Examples in Latin. 

 " Pejor magister te ista docuit, non ego." Plautu-s. 



