THE POPULAE EDUCATOB. 



that it can have no singular. The singular tut-to and tut-ta 

 signifies the whole of, ALL THE; the plural tut-ti and tut-te 

 merely signifies ALL. For example, tut-to il cU-ro, the whole 

 clergy ; in, pre-sen-za di tut-ti i cor-ti-gid-ni, in the presence of 

 all the courtiers ; i ut-ta la cit-ta, the whole town ; tut-te le not-ti, 

 all nights ; tut-ti gli uo-mi-ni, all men ; di tut-ta la ter-ra, of 

 the whole earth ; di tut-te le don-ne, of all the ladiea. 

 Singular. 



Qwest' uc-cel-lo, this bird. 



Di quest' uc-cel-lo, of this bird. 



A quest' uc-cel-lo, to this bird. 



Quest' uc-cel-lo, this bird. 



Da quest' uc-cel-lo, from this bird. 



In quest' uc-cel-lo, in this bird. 



Con quest' uc-cel-lo, with, this bird. 



Per quest' iic-cel-lo, for this bird. 



(Juel giar-di-no, that garden. 



Di quel giar-di-no, of that garden. 



A quel giar-di-no, to that garden. 



<2wel gtor-di-no, that gardeii. 



Da quel giar-di-no, fron that garden. 



In quel giar-di-no, in that garden. 



Con quel giar-di-no, with that garden. 



Per quel giar-di-no, for that garden. 



Plural. 



Quei* giar-di-ni, those gardens. 

 Di quei giar-di-ni, of those gardens. 



Que"-sti uc-cel-li, these birds. 



Di que-sti uc-cel-li, of these birds. 



A quei giar-di-ni, to those gardens. I A que"-sti uc-cel-li, to these birds. 



Quei giar-di-ni, those gardens. 

 Da quei giar-dt-ni, from those 



Que'-sti uc-cel-li, these birds. 



Da gue'-sti uc-cel-li, from these birds. 



In que"-sti uc-cel-li, in these birds. 

 Con qwe'-sti uc-cel-li, with these birds. 



Per que-sti uc-cel-li, for these birds. 



gardens. 



Ii quei giar-di-ni, in those gardens. 

 Con quei giar-di-ni, with those 



gardens. 

 Per quei giar-di-ni, for those 



gardens. 



A full explanation of the two important pronouns quel-lo 

 (masc.), quel-la (fern.), that, and qu6-sto (masc.), que-sta (fern.), 

 this, will be given hereafter. It will be sufficient for the present 

 to remark, that whenever these two pronouns come before nouns, 

 qud-sto points out an object near to him who speaks (or writes), 

 or an object just mentioned, while quel-lo points out an object 

 at a smaller or greater distance from him who speaks (or 

 writes), as well as from him who is spoken to : for example, dd 

 te-mi quel U-bro, give me that (yonder) book ; pren-de'-tc-vi quc- 

 sto U-bro, take this book. Before words commencing with the s 

 impure, qudl-lo is used. Before words commencing with vowels, 

 the final o's and a's of quel-lo, quel-la, and que-sto, que-sta, are 

 generally not pronounced, and in writing an apostrophe is placed 

 instead: for example, quel-lo sbir-ro, that bailiff; que"l-lo scel-lc- 

 yd-to, that wretch ; quell' uo-mo, that man ; quell' ap-pa-ren-za, 

 that appearance; quest' al-16-ro, this laurel; quest' ul-ti-ma 

 im-prd-sa, this last enterprise. Before all other words of the 

 masculine gender, quel must be used : for example, quel U-bro, 

 "that book ; quel bel poe-vna, that fine poem ; quel pro-de guer- 

 i-ie-ro, that brave warrior. 



Stato, state, condition. Specchio, looking-glass. 

 (After the four par- Stivale, boot, 

 tides con, in, non, and j Studio, study, 

 per, and, generally | Spirito, spirit, 

 speaking, after every I Scultore, sculptor, 

 word ending with a | Strumento, instrument, 

 consonant, the vowel | tool. 

 i is, for the sake of 

 harmony, prefixed to 

 any word commenc- 

 ing with the s impure, 

 unless it be a proper 

 noun : thus, Ste-fa- 

 no, Sci-pid-ne ; for it 



Spaccalegna, wood- 

 cleaver. 



Spadajo, sword-cutler. 

 tcoglio, rock. 

 Scanno, bench. 

 OccTiio, eye. 

 Uccello, bird. 



Incisore, engraver. 

 Ingrato, ungrateful. 

 ^.Ibero, tree. 

 Onoro, honour. 

 .4nttO, year. 

 Orecchio (pi. orscchj), 



ear. 



Amore, love. 

 Abito, dress, coat. 

 Iniquo, wicked. 

 Inganno, deceit. 

 Operajo, day-labourer. 

 Adulatore, flatterer. 

 Edifizio, building, 



edifice. 

 In/elice, unhappy. 



is not allowable to Amico, friend. 



say con Iste/ano, con Osso, bone. 



Iscipione, etc.) Errore, error, fault. 



EXERCISE 1. 



1. II pan-no. 2. Del col-tel-lo. 3. Al ton-do. 4. Dal sa-le. 

 5. I ci-bi. 6. Dei cor-ti-li. 7. Ai cu6-chi. 8. Dai s<5-gni. 9. 

 In tea-tro. 10. Nel ru-scel-lo. 11. Nei pol-md-ni. 12. Con 

 da-na-ro. 13. Col faz-zo-let-to. 14. Coi cap-pel-li. 15. Per 

 pia-ce-re. 16. Pel man-tel-lo. 17. Pei gid-va-ni. 18. Sul pdn- 

 te. 19. Sui qua-dri. 20. Su que-sta ter-ra. 21. Lo staf-ne-re. 

 22. Del-lo spo-so. 23. Al-lo stra-nie-re. 24. Dal-lo stra-maz-zo. 

 25. Gli spie-di. 26. De-gli sme-ral-di. 27. A-gli scrit-td-ri. 28. 

 Da-gli stam-pa-td-ri. 29. In i-sta-to. 30. Nel-lo Bpec-chio. 

 31. Ne-gli sti-va-li. 32. Con i-stu-dio. 33. Cdl-lo spi-ri-to. 

 34. Cd-gli scul-td-ri. 35. Per i-stru-men-ti. 36. Per lo spac-ca- 

 le-gna. 37. Per lo spa-da-jo. 38. Sul-lo sco-glio. 39. Su-gli 

 scan-ni. 40. L' 6c-chio. 41. Dell' uc-cel-lo. 42. All' a-mi-co. 

 43. Dall' 6s-so. 44. Gli er-rd-ri. 45. Degl' in-ci-sd-ri. 46. Agl' 

 in-gra-ti. 47. Da-gli al-be-ri. 48. In o-nd-re. 49. Nell' an-no. 

 50. Ne-gli o-rec-chj. 51. Con a-md-re. 52. Coll' a-bi-to. 53. 

 Cdgl' i-ni-qui. 54. Per in-gan-no. 55. Per 1' o-pe-ra-jo. 56. 

 Per gli a-du la-td-ri. 57. Sull'e-di-ff-zio. 58. Sugl' in-fe-li-ci. 



The following forms one of the anticipatory exercises men- 



tioned and commented on in my introductory remarks on the 



Grammar proper. In order to attain the object proposed, of 



familiarising the reader with conversational language by a more 



i practical and quicker method than the theoretical explanations 



j of grammar would allow, it will be necessary to read these 



exercises aloud, to translate them into English, and to retranslate 



them into Italian, that the words and phrases for this purpose 



constantly recurring may be firmly impressed on the memory. 



The ingenious will, moreover, not fail themselves to trace out 



important rules of grammar by a careful study of these exercises. 



VOCABULARY. 



Singular. 



0-gnif sol-dd-to, each soldier. 

 D" d-gni sol-dd-to, of each soldier. 

 Ad d-gni sol-dd-to, to each soldier. 

 0-gni sol-dd-to, each soldier. 

 Da d-gni sol-dd-to, from each soldier. 



In d-gni sol-dd-fo, in each soldier. 

 >Con d-gnisol-dd-to, with each soldier. 



Per 6-gni sol-dd-to, for each soldier. 



Plural. 



Cin-que sol-dd-ti, five soldiers. 

 Di rin-qiie sol-dd-ti, of fire soldiers. 

 A cin-que sol-dd-ti, to five soldiers. 

 Cin-que sol-dd-ti, five soldiers. 

 Da cin-que sol-dd-ti, from five 



soldiers. 



In cin-qne sol-dd-ti, in five soldiers. 

 Con cin-que sol-dd-ti, with five 



soldiers. 

 Per cin-que sol-dd-ti, for five soldiers. 



Panno, cloth. 



Coltello, knife. 



Tondo, plate. 



Sale, salt. 



Oibo, article of food, 

 aliment. 



Cortile, court-yard. 



Cuoeo.cook. (The plural 

 of this noun requires 

 the auxiliary letter h \ 

 "between c and i, in 

 order to preserve the 

 sound of c like fe. ) 



VOCABULARY. 



Sogno, dream. 



Teatro, theatre. 



Kusccllo, brook. 



Polmone, lung. 



Danavo, money. 



fazzolett), pocket- 

 handkerchief. 



Cappello, hat. 



Piocere, pleasure. 



Mantello, cloak. 



Giouane, young man, 

 youth. 



Ponte, bridge. 



Quadro, picture. 

 Terra, earth. 

 Staffiere, footman. 

 Sposo, bridegroom. 

 Straniere, stranger. 

 Stramazzo, a quilted 



mattress. 

 Spiedc, spiedo, spit, 



broach. 



Smeraldo, emerald. 

 Scrittore, author, 



writer. 

 Stampatore, printer. 



* The masculine plural qu-i (also pronounced quei) or qxe', is a con- 

 traction of que'l-li. Before vowels, or the s impure, que'-gli is used in 

 the place of the plurals <fUel-li, quei, or qua' : for example, que'-gli 6c-clii, 

 those eyes ; que-gli spi-ri-ti, those spirits. The feminine plurals qu^l-le 

 and que'-ste cannot be marked with the apostrophe, but must always be 

 pronounced and written in full. 



t 0"0ni has no plural number, and can only be uaed before nouns. 



II pd-dre, the father, i 'M.i-o, il-mi-o(m.), | 

 La md-dre, the mother, j Mi-a, oa-rc.^/ (.}, ' " 



nfra-tel-lo, the brother. 

 La so-rel-la, the sister. 

 Bud-no (m.),buo-na (f.), 



j Mi-a, 

 U-no (m.), ti-na (f.) a, 



an. 

 Tii-o (m.), tu-a (f.), 



also, likewise, 



too. 



H li-bro, the book. 

 La pen-no, the pen. 

 Grdn-de, great, large. 

 Pic-co-lo, little, small, 



slender. 



good ; E, ed (before thy. 

 a vowel), and; e, is. Ha, has. 



EXERCISE 2 (COLLOQUIAL). 



1. II pa-dre e la ma-dre. 2. II fra-tel-lo e la so-rel-la. 3. II 

 pa-dre e buo-no, la ma-dre e buo-na. 4. II buon pa-dre, la 

 bu6-na ma-dre. 5. II fra-tel-lo e bu6-no, la so-rel-la e buo-na. 

 6. II bu6n fra-tel-lo, la buo-na so-rel-la. 7. Mi-o pa-dre ; il mi-o 

 bu&n pa-dre. 8. Mi-a ma-dre; la mi-a buo-na ma-dre. 9. 

 Mi-o pa-dre e buo-no, mi-a ma-dre e bu6-na. 10. Mi-o fra- 

 tel-lo e mi-a so-rel-la. 11. II mi-o budn fra-tel-lo e la mi-a 

 bud-na so-rel-la. 12. Mi-o fra-tel-lo e buo-no, mi-a so-rel-la 

 e bu6-na. 13. Tin pa-dre, u-na ma-dre, un fra-tel-lo, u-na so-rel- 

 la. 14. Tin buon pa-dre, u-na bu6-na ma-dre, un bu6n fra-tel-lo, 

 u-na buo-na so-rel-la. 15. Mi-o pa-dre e un bu6n pa-dre, mia 

 ma-dre e u-na buo-na ma-dre. 16. Mi-o fra-tel-lo e un bu6n fra- 

 tel-lo, mi-a so-rel-la & u-na buo-na so-rel-la. 17. Tu-o pa-dre 

 e buo-no, mi-o pa-dre e an-che buo-no. 18. Tu-a ma-dree buo-na, 

 mi-a ma-dre e an-che bu6-na. 19. Tii-o pa-dre ha u-na buo-na so- 

 rel-la, tu-a ma-dre ha un bu6n fra-tel-lo. 20. Mi-o fra-tel-lo e 

 tu-o pa-dre. 21. Mi-o pa-dre e an-che tu-o pa-dre, e mi-a ma-dre e 

 an-che tu-a ma-dre. 22. II li-bro e bu6-no, la pen-na e buo-na, 

 23. II mi-o li-bro e pic-co-lo, la mi-a pen-na e gran-de. 24. Tiio 

 pa-dre ha un bu6n li-bro, tu-a so-rel-la ha u-na buo-na pen-na. 

 25. Mi-o fra-tel-lo e gran-de, mi-a so-rel-la e pic-co-la. 26. L. 

 tu-o pic-co-lo fra-tel-lo e la tu-a pic-co-la so-rel-la. 27. Tu-a so- 

 rel-la ha la mi-a pen-na, e tii-o fra-tel-lo ha il mi-o li-bro. 28. 

 II tu-o pic-co-lo li-bro e un bu6n li-bro. 



