LESSONS IN AKCHl'l 



VILLA RESIDENCE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY GOTHIC STYLE. 







whole, but more often with tho contrary effect. Oneamonally we 



may BOO example* in whi'-h .ithcr f stylo on the part 



: daring iii'lilV.Ti-uco to it, haa a grotesque 



become* the 



mi iiiiinfunned be- 







of tlm time, how- 

 ever, intending more 

 uiul iiK'i-i- to the 

 adoption of the most 

 approved methods 

 of former days, BO 

 far aa they are oon- 

 aistent with modern 

 : )it at tho 

 ; t day a " bat- 

 tle of styles " may 

 be said to be going 

 ou, tho contest for 

 predominance being 

 between the clas- 

 sical and the old 

 English or medie- 

 val manner. 



\Vi- cannot dwell 

 upon the internal 

 arrangements of our 

 domestic buildings 

 further than to re- 

 mark that the im- 

 provement during 

 the present century 

 in the interior haa 

 been, if possible, 

 greater than that 



witnessed in the exterior. In light, ventilation, sanitary 

 arrangements, and all matters of convenience and comfort, 

 the residences of the middle classes have immensely improved 

 during the Victo- 

 rian age ; and it 

 is gratifying to 

 remark that the 

 improvement is 

 surely, although 

 perhaps slowly, 

 extending to the 

 abodes of the 

 labouring classes 

 also, both in town 

 and country. The 

 erection of modnl 

 cottages, in which 

 the latePrinceCon- 

 sort took a lead- 

 ing part, has done 

 something to give 

 builders generally, 

 and the land- 

 owners who em- 

 ploy them, an idea 

 of how necessary 

 comfort and con- 

 venience may be 

 attained without 

 unusual expense. 

 Similar efforts 

 have been made to 

 improve the condi- 

 tion of the labour- 

 ing classes in other 

 countries, particu- 

 larly by the late 

 Emperor Napo- 



towns, in which a prominent place has boen ffir<m to aD 

 matters relating to cottage architecture. All -ff..n- in thi* 

 direction must tend to the advantage not onlj of the oou 



which they may ori- 

 ginauj, bat, sooner 

 or later, of oar own 

 also. The lament- 

 able condition of 

 the labourers' cot- 

 tages in many parU 

 of the land is still 

 a disgrace to a pro- 

 fessedly civilised 

 age. 



It ia gratifying 

 to note the effort - 

 which are beinc. 

 made to improve 

 the dwellings of the 

 labouring classes 

 in our large towns. 

 Many each move- 

 ments have now 

 been set on foot by 

 means both of pri- 

 vate beneficence and 

 commercial enter- 

 prise. Aa an exam- 

 ple of the former, we 

 may mention the 

 buildings erected 

 from the munificent 

 gift of Mr. Peabodj 

 to the poor of Lon- 

 don ; and of the lat- 

 ter, the work of the 

 Indus trial Dwellings 

 Association in the metropolis, by which it has been shown that 

 such efforts may be made commercially remunerative, while at the 

 same time they confer a great benefit upon the classes for whom 



they are designed. 

 At present these 

 movements are in 

 their infancy, and 

 there is yet very 

 much to be done 

 before any mate- 

 rial improvement 

 will have been ef- 

 fected by their 

 means upon tho 

 condition of the 

 poor. Mean and 

 squalid habita- 

 tions now occupy 

 large areas of 

 ground, which 

 would afford good 

 and healthy ac- 

 commodation to 

 many times the 

 number of people, 

 if the system of 

 erecting high 

 houses, each re- 

 plete with conve- 

 nience for several 

 families , were more 

 :lly adopted. 

 This is the plan 

 on which many 

 cities have been 

 built in Scotland 

 and on the Conti- 

 nent, and there is 



SPECIMEN OF " COTTAGE " ARCHITECTURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 



leon, from whose design model cottages were erected and ex- no reason, beyond the force of custom and prejudice, why it 

 hibited during the Paris Exhibition of 1867. " Exhibitions of should not be employed in many parts of England, where the 

 Domestic Economy " have also been held at Utrecht and other evilp of over-crowdinj? are increasing year by year. 



