124 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



from memory the Greek forms required, and assigning, also 

 from memory, the English significations. 



EXERCISE 74. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. AIWP. 2. tivfftiv. 3. Atiej. 4. AeAu/ca. 5. EAeAuKeij/. 6. 

 At>iTo>. 7. \vffovrt]v, 8. At/o"ois. 9. Auero). 10. AvfTf. 11. 

 EXuov. 12. Avfffi. 13. Avofitv. 14. EAueTTji/. 15. Auot/ui. 16. 

 EAvo-o. 17. AeAwce. 18. EAu<re. 19. Avffat/j.i. 20. Auo-ov. 21. 

 \vcrarcaif. 22. Autras. 23. AeAuK&i. 24. AeAu*cas. 25. EAcAu- 

 icejraj'. 26. EAt/trap. 27. AeAu/catn. 28. Au>rarr. 29. Aucrjjs. 

 30. Tle^Tji/as. 31. EAjirej. 32. AITTTJJ. 33. AITTOJS. 34. AnreTa). 

 35. AtTTwc. 36. ne^Tjj/evaj. 37. EirfQrjveis. 38. Ilc^i/ai. 39. 

 Aucreie. 40. At/Q-fKW. 



EXERCISE 75. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. I have appeared. 2. Ye two left. 3. He might leave. 4. 

 Ye might leave. 5. They loose. 6. They may loose. 7. They 

 might loose. 8. Ye might have loosed. 9. Loose thon. 10. Let 

 them loose. 11. I have loosed. 12. Ye will loose. 13. They 

 may have loosed. 14. He might have loosed. 15. To loose. 

 16. To be about to loose. 17. Being about to loose. 18. Having 

 loosed. 19. He may loose. 20. They two had loosed. 21. Ye 

 two might loose. 22. Ye two may loose. 23. They have ap- 

 peared. 24. Ye two have appeared. 25. He has appeared. 



The student must also accustom himself to parse that is, to 

 assign or declare the several parts of the verbs (and of all 

 words), as well as the grammatical relations they bear to other 

 words. At present, however, we have to do with such exercises 

 as will best aid him to thoroughly master the conjugation of 

 the verb. In regard, then, to the active voice now set forth, 

 as well as to other parts to be hereafter given, he should write 

 down very carefully (and correct what he writes by the para- 

 digm) the several parts of the Greek-English exercise, distin- 

 guishing (1) the root, (2) the augment, (3) the tense-stem, (4) 

 the tense, (5) the mood-vowel, (0) the tense-stem with the 

 mood-vowel, (7) the person-ending, (8) the tense-stem, together 

 with the mood-vowel and tha person-ending. Take as an in- 

 stance puwiv<raTo, he took counsel. The word may be divided 

 thus, f-f3ov\fv-<r-a-To. Of these elements, &ou\fv is the root ; 

 is the augment ; e combined with fiov\(v forms f&ovXtv-, which 

 is the tense-stem of the imperfect indicative active ; the <r, the 

 tense-characteristic of the first aorist, and thus the stem of this 

 part will be tfiovXevcr- ; the a is the mood-vowel of the indica- 

 tive first aorist, giving us t/3ov\evffa- ; finally, the TO is the 

 person-ending of the third person singular of an historic tense 

 of the middle voice, namely, t&ov\tvffa.-ro, being the third person 

 singular number first aorist middle voice, from @ov\evo/jj.i ; the 

 active form of which is fSovXevu, and the chief parts are fiovXtvca, 

 PovXtvcrw, e)3oiiAet>-Ka ; for, in all instances, the root must be 

 given as found in the Lexicons, and the principal parts, as well 

 as.(l) the person, (2) the number, (3) the mood, (4) the tense, (5) 

 the voice, of every verb and every form of every verb that is 

 met with. 



The participles in the paradigm are present, Xvuv ; future, 

 Xvffitv ; second aorist, Anruc first aorist, Xvffas ; first perfect, 

 XeXvKuis ; second perfect, ire^Tji/aj.t. Of these, Xvtav, Xvffcav, and 

 Xnrtav are declined like <av, which occurs in Lesson XXIV. ; and 

 ire<pT]V(as is declined like AeAu/ccos. The forms of \vcras and 

 XtXvKias will serve as a pattern for the rest. 



DECLENSION OF THE PARTICIPLE XvffdS, Xvffdffa, XvffW, 



about loosing. 

 Singular. 



Xv-awri. 



THE PARTICIPLE XtXvKtas, XfXvKvia, XtXvKos, ha.inng loosed. 

 Singular. 



MASC. FEM. KEUT. 



Nom. AeAu-KttS, XeXv-Kvia, >*Au-/cos. 



Gen. XtXv-Koros, XtXv-Kvias, XtXv-Koros* 



Dat. AeAt/-/m, XfXv-Kvtq, XtXv-KOTi. 



Ace. AeAu-Kora, XfXv-Kvtav, XfXv-icos. 



Dual. 



Nom. and Ace. XeXv-Kore, AsAu-/ct/ia, Ae At>-/core. 



Gen. and Dat. \tXv-Korotv, XiXv-Kuia,it>, XfXv-Koroiv, 

 Plural. 



Nom. XfXv-tcoTts, XtXv-Kviat, XfXv-Kora. 



Gen. \f\v-K.OT<ov, \f\v-icuicav, \f\v-Koruy. 



Dat. \\V-KO<TL, \(\v-Kvia,ts, AeAu-/co<ri. 



Acc. AfAu-KOToy, \f\v-Kvias, AeAu-Kora. 



If the formation of the present tense of Auw be compared with 

 its Latin representative, solvo, their similarity will at once be 



noticed. Solvo is the root of the English words solve, solution, 

 dis-solve, dis-solution. 



THE GREEK At>O> AND THE LATIN Solvo COMPARED. 

 PRESENT TENSE ACTIVE. 



Indicative Mood. Su&juiictiue Mood. 



Greek. Latin. Greek. Latin. 



Sing. 1. \u-u,Iloose; solv-o. Av-o>, I may loose; solv-a-m. 



2. \v-fts, solv-i-s. AU-JJ-S, solv-a-s. 



3. Au-i, solv-i-t. ^f-j?) solv-a-t. 

 Plur. 1. \v-o/j.fv, solv-i-mus. Xv-w-^tv, solv-a-mue. 



2. Au-ere, solv-i-tis. AU-TJ-TC, solv-a-tis. 



3. Au-ouo-i, solv-u-nt. \v-ia-ffi, solv-a-nt. 

 The occurrence of s as the constant sign of the second person 



singular should be observed. This s is the origin of our s in the 

 second person singular, and is found in the French also e.g., 

 tu aimes (Latin, amas ; English, thou lovest) ; tu aimeras (Latin, 

 amabis). 



Xv-aavroiv. 



Xv-yavra. 

 Xv-(ra.vT(av. 

 Xv-ffatn. 

 \v-ffca>Ta. 



READINGS IN LATIN. III. 



SALLUST. 



CAITJS CRISPUS SALLUSTIUS, the Eoman historian, was born 

 B.C. 86, and was a contemporary of Caasar and the orator Cicero. 

 At a comparatively early period of his life he began to take a 

 prominent part in the political affairs of Rome, and filled several 

 of the highest offices in the state ; but having amassed a con- 

 siderable fortune in the province of Numidia, whither he had 

 been sent as governor, he retired from public life, and spent 

 the remainder of his days in luxurious ease, dying B.C. 34. 



The works of Sallust which have come down to us are two 

 historical pieces, or monographs, as they are called that is, 

 narratives of a separate series of connected events one on the 

 conspiracy of Catiline, the other on the war with Jugurtha. 

 He is also said to have written a more complete contemporary 

 history of Rome, in five books, of which some extracts and 

 detached sentences are all that remain to us. 



Sallust is the first Roman author who appears to have paid 

 any very great attention to style in his writings. His diction is 

 by no means obscure ; but he delights in strong antitheses and 

 short, nervous sentences, making a frequent use of the historical 

 infinitive in his descriptions. He appears also to have affected 

 ancient formations and methods of spelling. 



The " Catilina," from which our first extracts are taken, is an 

 account of a conspiracy against the government of Rome by 

 Lucius Sergius Catilina, a profligate noble of broken fortunes, 

 who, supported by a body of followers in similar circumstances, 

 discontented and turbulent like himself, hoped to recruit his 

 fortunes out of the general state of anarchy and disorder which 

 it was his object to create. The character of the man is 

 vigorously drawn by Sallust in the following lines : 



SALLUST. " CATILINA," v. 



Lucius Catilina, nobili generc 1 natus, fuit magna vi et animi 

 et corporis, sedingenio 2 malo pravoque. 3 Huic ab adolescentia 

 bella intestina, 4 caedes, rapinas, discordia civilis, grata fuere ; 

 ibiquo 5 juventutem suam exercuit. Corpus 3 patiens inediae, vigi- 

 liae, supra quam cuiquam credibile est : animus audax, subdolus, 

 varius, cujus rei libet 7 simulator ac dissimulator ; 8 alieni appetens, 

 sui profusus; ardena in cupiditatibus satis eloquentise, sapien- 

 tise parum. 9 Vastus IU animus immoderata, incredibilia, nimis 



