234 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XLI. 



DEVIATIONS IN THE THIED CONJUGATION (continued.). 

 6. Perfect in -i ; Supine in -SUM. 



a. The stem ends in d or t. 



i. Cando, found in compounds ; as, accendo, accendere, accendi, 

 occensnm, to kindle, to inflame. 



ii. Gudo, oudere, cudi, cusum, to forge. 



iii. Edo, edere, edi, ~sum, to eat. 



iv. Fendo, found in compounds ; as, defendo, defendere, 

 defend!, dexensum, to defend, protect. 



v. Fodio, fodere, fodi, fossum, to dig. 



vi. Fendo, fudere, fudi, fusum, to powr out. 



vii. Mando, mandere, mandi, mansum, to chew. 



viii. Pando, pandere, pandi, pansum, and passum, to spread 

 "id, to open. 



ix. Prehendo, prehendere, prehendi, prehensum, to lay hold of. 



x. Scando, scandere, scaiidi, scansum, to climb, mount. Com- 

 pounds are in scendo, scendi, scensum ; as, ascendo, to get up to. 



xi. SIdo, sidere, sedi (no supine), to sit down, to sink. Com- 

 pounds are in sido, sidere, sedi, sessum; as, consido, to set one's 

 self down. 



xii. Strido, stridere, stridi (no supine), to crack, hiss. 



xiii. Verto, vertere, verti, versum, to turn. 



xiv. Fido, fidere, fisus sum, to trust ; so confidere, to confide ; 

 diffidere, to distrust. 



b. The stem ends in I or r. 



xv. Velio, vellere, velli, vulsum, to pluck. Convello has in 

 the perfect convelli ; but avello and evello have avelli, evelli, 

 and (seldom) avulsi, evulsi. 



xvi. Psallo, psallere, psalli (no supine), to play on the lyre. 



xvii. Sallo, sallere (no perfect), salsum, to salt. 



xviii. Verro, verrere, vefri, versum, to sweep, clean. 



six. Viso, visere, visi (visum, from video), to visit. In these 

 verbs, the vowel of the stem, when short, becomes long in the 

 perfect. Two verbs form apparent exceptions : Fi(n)do, findere, 

 fidi, fissum, to split (so the compounds); sci(n)do, scindere, 

 scidi, scissum, to separate (so the compounds). But these two 

 verbs originally had the reduplication. It is the same with the 

 compound percello, percellere, perculi, perculsum, to strike through. 



VOCABULARY. 



Effodere, to dig out. 

 Effundere, to pour out, 



to throw off (horse- 



bade) [compare the 



slang term to spill]. 

 Exedere, to eat away, 



gaiti. 



Furor, -oris, m., rage. 

 Incendere, to set on 



fire. 

 Inscribere (with dat.), 



to inscribe, engrave. 

 Lacerare, to tear, 



mangle. 



Liquefacere, to make 

 | into a liquid. 



JEgritudo(seger), -mis, 

 f., sickness, grief. 



Antiquitus, anciently. 



Colonia,-O3,f., a colony. 



Compreheudere, to tafeo 

 in, comprehend, 



Confodere, to pierce. 



Conspectus, -us, m., 

 a view. 



Diffundere, to spread 

 . abroad. 



Digerere, to divide, 

 digest. 



Epigramma, -atis, an 

 epigram, something 

 written on a tomb. 



Nuntius, i, m., a 



messe?iger. 

 Offundere, to pour 



against, spread. 

 PervShi, to be carried 



t/irowg?i or to. 

 Procudere, to forge, 



coin. 



Proflcere, to benefit. 

 Veils passis (ablative 



absolute), in full 



sail. 



Veluin, -i, n., a sail. 

 Vetustas, -atis, f., old 



age. 



EXERCISE 155. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Constat Tyriorum colonias pseue toto orbe terrarum diffusas 

 fuisse. 2. In morte portutn nobis paraturn esse et perfugium putemus 

 (subjunctive for imperative). 3. Quo utlnam velis passis .pervehi 

 liceat ! 4. Hannibal patriam defeusum ex Italia revocatus est. 5. 

 Nib.il proficiunt prsecepta, quamdiu menti error offusus est. 6. Beate 

 vivendi cupiditate inceusi omnes sumus. 7. Ingens nummorurn 

 numerus hoc anno procusus est. 8. JEgritudo auimum meum laceravit, 

 exedit, planeque confecit! 9. Epigrammatis, monumeuto inscripti, 

 literse vetustate exesae erant. 10. Milites urbem, ab hostibus oppug- 

 natam, acerrime defenderunt. H. Antiquitus magua auri argeutique 

 vis in Hispania est effossa. 12. Milites furore capti, ducem confode- 

 runt. 13. Equus repente corruit, consulemque lapsum super caput effudit. 



EXERCISE 156. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Wilt thou turn thy skill in (of) speaking to the destruction of 

 thy country ? 2. I will turn my skill in speaking to the benefit of all. 

 3. He has turned his skill in speaking to the salvation and preservation 

 of his country. 4. The traitor being taken will be put to death before 

 the eyes of the citizens. 5. Take care thy horse do not fall and throw 

 thee on thy head. 6. Will the soldiers run their general through ? 

 7. This book is eaten by age. 8. The Queen will coin a large amount 

 of money. 9. The messenger lacerated my mind. 10. My mind was 

 torn by the view of my husband's death. 11. The old and the young 



will be inflamed with the love of life. 12. Thou canst not see truth so 

 long as thy iniud is covered with error. 13. He was carried iato Italy. 

 14. They will be carried to those coasts. 15. The general bravely 

 defended the city. ]f>. The city will be well defended by the citizens. 

 17. The colonies of Britain lay spread in all parts of the world. 



7. Perfect with Reduplication. 



The reduplication in the verbs, the first vowel of whose steia 

 is i, o, or u, consists in the repetition of the first consonant of 

 the stem, together with that vowel ; in the rest, however, it 

 consists in the repetition of the first consonant of the stem, to- 

 gether with e. The compounds have, in the perfect, no redupli- 

 cation; except those from curro, I run; disco, J learn; and. 

 posco, I demand. 



i. Cado, cadere, cecidi, casum, to fall, happen. Compounds are 

 in cido, cidere, cidi, casum, thus : occido, I go down, die ; incido, 

 I fall on (E. R. incident) ; recido, I fall back ; the rest want 

 the supine ; as, concido, concidore, concidi, to fall together. 



ii. Ca2do, casdere, cecidi, cassum, to cut, to kill. Compounds 

 are in cido, cidere, cidi, cisum; as, occido, I put to death. 



iii. Cano, canere, cecini, cantum, to sing. Compounds in 

 cino, cinere, cinui ; so concino, to sing together ; and occino, to 

 sing inauspiciously ; the rest are without perfect and supine. 



iv. Curro, currerc, cucurri, cursum, to run. Most of the com- 

 pounds in the perfect have, but oftener have not, the redupli- 

 cation. 



v. Disco, discere, didici (no supine, but disciturus), to learn ; 

 so the compounds, as perdisco, perdiscere, perdidici, to learn 

 thoroughly. 



vi. Fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum, to deceive; fallit me, it 

 escapes me, I am not aware, I am unconscious. The participle 

 falsus, false, is mostly employed as an adjective ; compound, 

 refello, refellere, refelli (no supine), to refute. 



vii. (Pango) pangere, pepigi, pactum, to conclude a treaty. 

 The present, with this meaning, is supplied by paciscor ; but 

 pango, in the sense I strike, fasten, has panxi (seldom pegi), 

 panctum (pactum, E. E. pact). Compounds, pingo, pingere, 

 pegi, pactum ; as, compingo, I put together ; depango, to fix in ; 

 and repango, to set into (without the perfect). 



viii. Parco, parcere, peperci, parsum (with dat.), to spare. 



ix. Pario, parere, peperi, partum, to bear, bring forth, to get, 

 acquire; P. F., pariturus; ova parere, to lay eggs. 



x. Pello, pellere, pepiili, pulsum, to drive. Compounds are in 

 pello, pellere, puli, pulsum ; as, expello, I drive out. 



xi. Pendo, pendere, pependi, pensum, to cause to hang, to 

 weigh, to pay, to suffer. Compounds are without reduplication ; 

 as, appendo, appendi, I hang to, or fasten on. 



xii. Posco, poscere, poposci (no supine), to ask, demand ; so 

 the compounds, as, exposco, expoposci, to get by asking. 



xiii. Pungo, pungere, pupugi, punctum, to prick. Compounds 

 in perf., punxi ; as, interpungo, to place a point betiveen. 



xiv. Tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum, to touch. Compounds 

 are in tingo, tingere, tigi, tactum ; as, attingo, to touch upon. 



xv. Tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentum, and tensum, to stretch; 

 tendere insidias, to place in ambush. Compounds are without 

 reduplication, and with the supine in tentum; as, contendo, 

 contendere, contendi, contentum, to strive ; but retentum and 

 retensum, extentum and extensum, are used ; nevertheless, 

 detendo and ostendo have only detensum and ostensum ; 

 ostentus is the same as obtentus, as, ostentus soli, exposed to 

 the sun. 



xvi. Tundo, tundere, tutiidi, tunsum, to pound, beat. Com- 

 pounds are in tundo, tudi ; as, contundo, to pound together, to 

 beat in pieces, to weary. 



The two ensuing verbs have the reduplication in the present, 

 and retain it throughout : bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitum, to drin J,- ; 

 in the same way, the compounds ; sisto, sistere, stiti, statum 

 (status, set fast), to place. Monosyllabic compounds of dare 

 belong to this class ; as, addo, addidi, additum, to add. 



