244 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



Gio-tidit-ni da Fie-so-le, Pie-tro da Cor-t6-na, Leo-ndr-Ao da Vin-ci, 

 Gui-do da Sie-na, Po-li-do-ro da Ca-ra-vdg-gio, Ra-fael-lo da 

 Ur-bi-no,* etc. 



Da, also, may denote any origin or commencement referring 

 to time, and then it means since : 



Da che vi vi-di la pri-ma vol-ta, since (tlu-t day when) I saw you 



the first time. 

 Ddl-la mi-a gio-va-nez-za in. si-no qu^-sto tijm-po, since my youth till 



this day. 



Dall' cm-no pas-sd-to in qua, since last year. 

 Da du-e m6-si in qua, two months since. 

 Ddl-la mdr-tc di mi-o pd-dre in qua, since the death of my father.t 



The phrases da mat-U-na, da, se"-ra, da not-te, mean, in the 

 morning, in the evening, in the night (by night, at night) : 



6-pe-ra da far da mat-ti-na, work to be done in the morning. 

 Non e-sce da cd-sa che da se-ra, he only goes from home in the 



evening. 

 Td-li cd-se won si fan-no da not-te, such things are not done by 



night. 



Da also signifies about, nearly, close upon, not far off from, 

 etc.: 



Ho jjua-da-gnd-to da cin-que li-re ster-li-ne, I have gained or won 



about five pounds sterling. 

 Ho per-du-to da sei a 6t-to tdl-le-ri, I have lost from about six to 



e.ght dollars. 

 Da Jtd-ma a Nd-po-li sa-rdn-no da cen-to ses-sdn-ta mi-glia, it is 



about a hundred and sixty miles from Borne to Naples. 

 Jj-gli vi re-ste-rd da cin-que a sei gior-ni, he will stay there from 



about five to six days. 

 Sti-md- Da-si a-ve-re in Fi-ren-ze da no-uan-ta-mi-la bdc-che tra ud-mi- 



ni e feni-mi-ne e fan-ciul-li, about ninety thousand persons, men, 



women, and children, were estimated to be in Florence. 



A logical contradiction and anomaly, though introduced and 

 sanctioned by a universal usage, for the most part in the place 

 of tho preposition a, the constant employment of da in connec- 

 tion with those verbs which, with some house, mansion, apart- 

 ments, lodging, or any other place of continuance, denote any 

 kind of motion to or towards, any kind of living or residing with, 

 and any kind of visit paid to, a person : 



An-dd-re dal ine-di-co, dal cal-zo-ld-jo, to go to the physician, to the 



shoemaker. 



Do-md-ni ver-rb da tioi, I shall come to you to-morrow. 

 I'-o vi we-ne-ro da lui, I shall conduct you to him. 

 Ve-ni-te da me, dal rn.er-cd.n-ie, come to ine, to the merchant. 

 Sd-no std-to da lui, dal fra-tel-lo, I have been at his, at the brother's 



house (with him, with the brother). 

 A'-bi-ta, al-ldg-gia da su-o zi-o, he lives or resides with his uncle. 



Da is sometimes a substitute for di : 



Li bia-si-md-wa du-ra-m2n-te, 6-ra da fol-li-a, 6-ra da co-dar-di-a 

 (instead of di follia, di codardia), he severely blamed them, now 

 for their folly, now for their cowardice. 



JJs-si /id)i-no m<5l-ti md-di da al-leg-gid-re o da pas-sd-re qu<5l-lo (in- 

 stead of di alleggiare, di passare), they have many means to make 

 it easier or to pass over it. 



The particle da can never be really omitted, and the cases of 

 ellipsis that I mentioned only serve the purpose of grammatical 

 explanation. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN ITALIAN.-XIV. 



EXERCISE 9. 



1. II sartore domanda nove braccia di panno, due dozzine di bottoni, 

 e mezza oncia di seta. 2. Mandate a prendere un pane di zucchero, 9 

 due libbre di caffe. 3. lo ritornero in un quarto d' ora. 4. Finite di 

 bere questo bicchiere di vino e mangiate questo crostino di pane. 5. 

 Prendete la carta geografioa, e cercatemi la citta di Parigi e la citta 

 di Londra. 6. lo vengo per ordine del padrone a dirvi che si facciano 

 le preparazioni per il gioruo di domani. 7. II mese d' Aprile e variabile ; 

 il mese di Maggio, incontro, e molto ameno. 8. I mesi di Decembre 

 e di Gennajo sono i piu rigidi dell' anno. 9. Che abito metterete per 

 il ballo di domani ? 10. Siete stati alia commedia d' ieri ? 11. Gb" 

 furono assegnate le camere di sotto. 



* The English learner will, perhaps, best understand this use of da 

 by translating it with sprung from. 



t Since (denoting time, and not in the sense of as or beause) is 

 translated by fin da, da , , , in qua, or &6-po, when it precedes a noun. 



EXERCISE 10. 



1. A gold snuff-box. 2. A silver vase. 3. A velvet dress. 4. Italian 

 wine. 5. A heart of stone. 6. The iron wire. 7. Fine leather gloves. 

 8. A straw hat. 9. A gold, a silver mine. 10. English steel. 11. 

 Iron of Styria. 12. Frankfort fair. 13. To-morrow's festival. 14. 

 To-day, now-a-days. 15. Yesterday's comedy. 16. The theatre of the 

 present day. 17. A four weeks' illness. 18. The wine of eight, of 

 twenty years. 19. The Seven Years' War. 20. A fine prospect. 21. 

 The sound of the trumpet. 22. A person of fidelity. 23. He is 

 obstinate. 24. A courtier, a fashionable man. 25. A learned man, 

 of agreeable temper. 26. A man of rank, a polite man. 27. An 

 ill-behaved man. 28. A very clever man, of great fame. 29. A man 

 of middle stature. 30. An ill-natured man, a warrior, a man of war. 

 31. A man of low birth. 32. A man of indifferent health. 33. The 

 matter is of great importance. 34. A celebrated physician. 35. The 

 art of the turner, of the dyer. 36. The types-foundry. 37. A camp 

 of diversion. 38. A cotton-mill. 39. A bridge of boats, pontoon. 40, 

 An inspector of the cannon foundry. 41. The equipment of the 

 soldiers. 42. A law project. 43. The commission, the diploma. 44. 

 The certificate of birth. 45. The United States of America. 46. The 

 Emperor of the Russians. 47. The frontiers of Saxony. 48. Within 

 the space of three months. 49. A prodigy of a man. 50. A man of 

 thirty. 51. A gentleman's model. 52. That blockhead of a servant of 

 yours. 53. This devil of a woman. 54. That sly fox of a William. 

 55. A little bit of a rogue ! 56. That poor brother of mine ! 57. So 

 much wine and as much again of water. 58. It is such a bright moon- 

 light. 59. One named Jonas. 60. Judas surnamed Thaddeus. 61. 

 Three months' leave, discharge. 



EXERCISE 11. 



1. This horse is beautiful. 2. This snuff-box is very smaD. 3. This 

 hotel is large. 4. This child is my brother. 5. This book is for my 

 father. 6. This penknife is for my brother. 7. I have found a ring. 

 8. Where have you found this ring ? 9. Your little sister has a hand- 

 some book. 10. My mother has bought this hat. 11. Thy brother 

 has seen this fine carriage. 12. Your little brother is a good child. 

 13. Where bast thou bought this snuff-box ? 14. This watch is very 

 good. 15. This beautiful ring is for this child. 16. My uncle has a 

 son and a daughter. 17. I have seen thy brother and sister. 18. We 

 have received a present. 19. Have you written a letter ? 20. My 

 sister has received a fine cap. 21. I have sold my carriage. 22. Hast 

 thou also sold thy carriage ? 23. This present is for your aunt. 24. 

 Your sou is very little, but he is good. 25. My daughter is very tall. 

 26. This father has a beautiful daughter. 27. This child is my son. 

 28. The garden that I have seen is very large. 29. My father has 

 lost his hat and his umbrella. 30. Our uncle has sold his beautiful 

 carriage. 31. My sister has found her ring. 32. This father has lost 

 his daughter. 33. This mother has lost her son. 34. My uncle has 

 bought a hood for his little daughter. 35. This present is for my 

 sister. 36. This boy has written a very long letter to his mother. 

 37. Our aunt has bought a very fine cloak for her son. 38. Have you 

 found a ring ? 39. My undo has lost his cloak. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN ITALIAN. XV. 



EXERCISE 12. 



1. I tempi d' adesso non sono i migliori. 2. Egli si era nascosto 

 nella stanza di dietro. 3. Nostra citta ha un ponte di pietra, la vostra 

 ha solamente uno di legno. 4. Eduardo ha ricevuto da Londra un 

 oriuolo d' oro, una spada d' argeuto, e un pajo delle fibbie. 5. Una 

 volta si portavono degli abiti di panno e de' gile di veluto. 6. L' uso 

 dei vasi di rame e stato proibito in Svezia. 7. Nella beccheria si 

 trova da vendere della carne di manzo, di vitello, di castrone. 8. Che 

 significa questo suono di campane ? 9. Che dite del panno che ho 

 comprato ? 10. Esso e buouo e fino. 11. E di colore ? 12. Esso e 

 bello. 13. Che pensate dell' uomo che vedete, del ragazzo ch' egli 

 mena seco, e del mendico che gli va dietro ? 14. Ecco dieci braccia 

 di taffeta del quale volevate avere, e dodici braccia della tela batista 

 cho avete domandata. 15. Mandatemi una dozzina di limone, o due 

 libbre di fichi che avete ricevuti da Smirna. 16. Cedetemi una fias- 

 chetta dell' eau di Cologne che vi e stata mandata. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. XXXVIII. 



CHIEF POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF NORTH AMERICA. 



THE following table exhibits the principal political divisions of 

 the continent of North America, showing the capital or most 

 important city in each division, and the river, etc., on which it 

 stands ; the approximate area in English square miles ; the 

 number of inhabitants, also stated approximately ; and the 

 number of persons resident, on an average, on each square 

 mile. 



