LESSONS IN LATIN. 



275 



merabilae report* rant, docenUs naturA. 7. Vita, d undlque referU 

 bouis est, bcuU dieit r. 8. Hotniues urbes inamibui sepserunt. 

 .;u nmx'in Umomlu) Hunt qimm apert*. 10. Qui 

 <ht : ,in :.;. ,.-r ut non Dei uiuuilicoutiuin sumteritF 11. IV. 



hiiiiiiiun, fubuluM poetis suppeditavaruot, hominum autem 



imui referseruut. 12. Coutiuuis be III* reipublicsi 



epes exhuiutw iiuut. 13. Quo quiii alttuontiiu voluplates uu<li<iuo 



: . oc gniviuii ardenti usquo iiitiot. 14. Spero to luocum cou- 



Munuruiu oue. 



EXERCISE 162. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. The king, dying, said, " I bare lived well ; I hare bound bad men ; 



I huve . ii-micH." -. Tli.- Holdn-r, Unug conquered, WM put 



int. i . li.iins. ::. They will bo luil uw.iy iuto ttluvury. 4. He prop* the 



i.iliin : republic. 5. He will prop tho foiling house. 6. The art of 



writing l>.i-i I -on discovered. 7. They have oi>uuod tlie book. 8. Mr 



- been with the good. 9. I fear bidden enomioi. 10. Peace 



being arranged, I shall roturn home. 11. Happiness is difficult to be 



U. The husbaudineu have surrounded the meadow with 



hedges. 13. The plain is full of brambles and briars. 14. The spies are 



approaching. 15. Cesar has learnt from the spies that the enemy are 



hiug. 16. The rising suu opens the day. 17. They have felt 



the goodness of Qod. 18. Didst thou make thy cloak with thine own 



hand ? 19. I made with my own hand tho cloak with which I am 



clothed. 



CONSTRUCTION AND USAGES OF " AGO. " 



Ago is a verb used in a great variety of applications. So 

 various are these applications that they may serve to throw 

 light on the nature of language. Ago must be well understood 

 by those who wish to be familiar with Latin. 



Ago, age're, egi, actum, of tho third conjugation, has for its 

 radical or roof-moaning the idea of setting in motion. Hence it 

 is commonly given as denoting to lead, drive, act. But this is 

 a very rough way of treating the subject. I will give the signi- 

 fications of the verb in the order in which they seem to have 

 arisen. 



1. To lead, as a shepherd : 



Agit, ut pastor, per devia rura capcllas. Ovid. 



2. To lead, as a poem leads the mind : 



Poemata dulcia suuto et quocunque voleiit animum auditoris 

 oguuto. Horace. 



3. To drive, as men are driven out of a country : 



Hultis millibus armatoruui actis ex ea regioue in quam missus 

 erat. Ltvy. 



4. With the reflective pronoun to betake yourself, in poetic 

 diction : ' 



Quo agis te ? Plaiitu*. 



5. To march (in the passive voice) : 

 Si citius agi vellet agmen. Livy 



6. To plunder, lay waste (with praodas) : 



Qua pergebat urbes, agros vesture, prcodos agere. SalJuat. 



7. To hunt : 



Ut cervum ardentes agerent canes. Virgil. 



8. To move lifeless objects to and fro : 

 Celeriter vineis nd oppidum actis. Ccraar. 



9. To steer (with navis) : 



Kttvim agere ignarus navis timet. Horace. 



10. To drive a chariot (with currum) : 

 Nou ngat hos currus ? Ovid, 



11. To levy a tax or tribute (with vcctigal) : 

 Publicum vectigal in Asia egit. Suetonius. 



12. To send forth: 



Et spumas aget ore cruentas. Virgil, 



13. To die (with animam) : 



Nam et agere animam et efflaro dicimus. Cicero. 



14. To strike root (with radices) : 

 Kobora suas radices in profundum agunt. Plrny. 



15. To spring a leak, split, open (with riinas) : 

 Tabernte riinas agunt. 



The meanings already given imply a literal moving of the 

 objects spoken of. Another series of meanings arises from tho 

 tropical or metaphorical use of tho term ; that is, where not tho 

 movement of sensible objects is denoted, but actions, etc., 

 resembling those either in reality or in appearance. 



16. To move, drive, or induce any one : 

 Agricola in gloriam pnuceps agebatur. Tacitus. 



17. To pursue, persecute : 

 Acerba fata Romanes agunt. florae*. 



18. To plead (with causam) : 

 Hano egit cansam apud judices. Cicero. 



19. To take an augury (with angurium): 

 Augures agero angurium dicontur. Forro. 



SO. To play (with fabulam); that is, personate a, ehataeier. 

 [fence a distinction between faoere and ager.- 



Potest allquid faorre et BOB agere t ut pocta factt fabulam et mem 

 agit : contra, actor sgit et non facit ; et sto r postt fabala at aea 

 agitur ; ati actore sgitwr. BOB St. Korro. 



'<> be active, to be engaged generally : 



Bcipio Afncanus solitue est dicere uuaquaia se plm aftce qwam 

 quum nibil agerst. Oi**re. 



This is explained by another Tendon of the anecdote 



Nnnquam M minus otiosum eseo quam quum esset otteeuB. OlMPS 

 !'<> e/eet : 



Nihil agis, dolor, quomvis sis 

 oonfltebor. Cietro. 



- carry on, perform : 



Delibera utrum colloqui xualis, sn per littcra* a*ert-,< 

 Com. Ki 01. 



24. To have in mind, consider : 

 Nesdo quid mens mea majus agit. Ovid. 



25. To acknowledge a favour (with gratia*) : 

 Renunciate gratias regi me agere. Lirj. 



20. To spend time, pam one's life, etc. : 



I'.itcr cum esset Innrma raletudine, hie fere eitatem egit in Hteris. 

 Cicero. 



So, agere custodiaa, to watch; agere trinmphnm, to triumph, 

 res agere, to attend to business ; agere poenitentiam, to repent, 

 etc. 



Quartum annum ago et octogesimum. Cifcero. 



27. To make war (with bcllum) : 



Qui longe alii rationo no reliqui Galli Lellam agere institueruat. 

 Oeeer, 

 So, agere pacem, to be at peace. 



28. To treat of (with de) : 



Becordare velim qua) ego de te in senatu egerim. Cicero. 



29. To plead before, treat with, deal with (with cum) : 

 Cum populo agere est rogare quid populus suffragiis suis sut jnbeas 



aut vetet. Gelliu*. 



30. To accuse of anything (with accusative of the perron, and 

 genitive of the thing) : 



Furti egit eos. Cicero. 



In the passive, it is used of the thing which ia the matter at 

 issue " the question is," "the point at issuf 



Agitnr populi Bomani gloria, agitur salus aociorum. Cic*r. 



31. To deKver, used of orators : 



Qtise sic ab illo acta esse constabat, ocnlis, voce, gestn, inimici at 

 lachrymal tenere non possent. Cicero. 



32. To conduct yourself, to act (with se, a*, ae agere) : 

 Quanto fcrocius ante se egerint, tanto cupidius ineolitas 



tates liausisse. Tocittu. 



Agere gratias differs from referre gratias ; the former rignifiea 

 to feel gratitude, and the latter to manifest it Observe that 

 the plural gratias, not tho singular gratiam, ia used. 



One or two conversational and idiomatic usages may be 

 added : 



Quid agis, dulcissime rerun ? \ Hoc sgite ! Pteatva. 



Age, da veniam ftUsj.- Terwwa. 

 Com*, pardon tty UfJU*rf 

 Age. sit iU factum ! Oie*r. 



Horace. 



How or* you, my ct t /eUoio t 

 Quid agitur ? Plautun. 

 Hoto u it vtth t/ou t 



The instances given show that ago, like our own do, has the 

 widest signification, and may be applied to almost any state of 

 action, whether internal or external, whether of the mind or of 

 the body. Herein it differs from faoere, aa our make differ* 

 from do ; for facere is used in the particular sense of giving 

 existence, form, or shape to some outward object. After tke 

 same manner it differs from gercre, which is applied to the con- 

 ducting of anything, as the administration of a government. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN. XLL 



EXERCISE 155. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. It is known that the colonies of the Tynans were spread throat-b- 

 out almost the entire circle of the lands. 2. Let us Udnk that in 

 death a haven and refuge have been prepared for us. 3. Whither I 

 with it were allowed me to be borne in full sail. 4. Hannibal was re- 

 called from Italy to defend bis native country. 5. Precepts prott 

 nothing, as long as error U diffused over the mind. 6. We are all 

 inflamed with a desire ol living happily. 7. A treat number of coin- 

 have been coined this year. 8. Grief lacerated, wasted, and entirely 

 wore down my mind. . The letters ol the epigram inscribed on the 

 monument had been worn away by age. 10. The soldiers vigoreeely 

 defended the city attacked bj the enemies. IU Pormedy a vast 



