LESSONS IN FRENCH. 



49. REGULAR VERBS. 

 PTOST CONJUGATION, ENDING IN 



MODKl. \ 



CHANTER, TO 8INQ. 

 INFINITIVE MOOD. 



FEES KMT. PAST. 



Chanter, to ting. | Avoir chante, to have ti*ng. 



PARTICIPLES. 



PKEHKNT. CuMPOUMIi. 



Chuntant, tinging. | Ayant chaute, having tung. 



PAST. 

 Chante, tung. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 

 SIMPLE TENSES. COMPOUND TENSES. 



PRESENT. PAST DEFINITE. 



ute, I ting. J'ai chante, / have tung. 



Tu chantes, thou tingest. Tu as chante, thou host tung. 



II chante, he tings. II a chante, he hat sung. 



On chante, one sings. On a chante, one hot tung. 



N 'us olmntons, weeing. Noua avons chante, we have sung. 



V i HIM chantez, you tiny. Vous avez chante, you have tung. 



Ils chantent, ihy sing. Ila ont chante, they have sung. 



IMPERFECT. 



Je chaiitais, I wot tinging, or I I J'avius chante, 



used to ting. 



Tu clmutuis, thou watt tinging. 

 It I'lumtait, he wat tinging. 



On ch ini.iit , one was tinging. 



Nous chautions, we were singing. 

 Voua chant icz, you were singing. 

 Ils chautuieut, they were tinging. 



IhocTj 



I CM 



Tu avais chante, thou hodst .g 

 II avait chante, h had [ 



On avait chaute, one hod [ * 



Nous avions chante, we had 

 Vous aviez chante, you hod - 

 Ils avaient chaute, they had J 



PAST DEFINITE. 



Je clmntai, I sang or did sing. 



Tu chautas, thou sangest. 



II chanta, he sang. 



On chanta, n sang. 



Nous cbantames, 

 Yous chaututes, 

 Us chante rent, 



Je chanterai, 

 Tu cbouteras, 

 II chantera, 

 On chautera, 

 Nous chanterona, 

 Vous clianterez, 

 Us chanteront, 



we sang, 

 you sang. 

 thy tang. 



I shall sing, 

 thou wilt sing, 

 he tcill sing, 

 one will sing. 

 we shall ring, 

 you will sing, 

 they will sing. 



PAST ANTERIOR. 



J'eus chante, I had sung. 



Tu CUB chante, thou hadst sung. 

 II out chaiitY-, he had. sung. 



On eut chaut^, one had tung. 



Nous euuies chante, we had sung. 

 Vous eutes chante, you, had sung. 

 Us eureut chaute, they hod tung. 



FDTUKE ANTERIOR. 



J'aurai chante, I fhall \ 



Tu auras chante, 

 II aura chaute, 

 On aura chante, 



thou wilt 



he will] 

 one will J- "> 



Nous aurons chante, we shall 

 Vous aurez chante, you will 

 Us auront chante, they will j 



CONDITIONAL MOOD. 



PRESENT. 



Je chanteraiB, I should sing. 



Tu chauterais, thou wouidst tiny. 

 II chanterai t, he tcould ting. 



On chanterait, 

 Nous chanterions, 

 Vous chauteriez, 



Ils chanteraient, 



one mould sing. 

 we should c-mg. 

 you would sing. 

 they would sing. 



PAST. 



J'auraia chante, I should' 



Tu aurais chante, thou wouiist 

 II aurait chante, h would 

 Ou anrait chante, one would _ 

 Nous aurions chante, we would I 

 Vous auriez chante, you would 

 Ils auraient chante, they would J 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 



Chante, ' ting (thou). 



Qu'il chante, let him sing. 



Qu'on chante, let one ting. 



Chant ons. let us ting. 



Chantez, ting (ye or you). 



Qu'ils chantent, let them ting. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



SIMPLE TENSES. COMPOUND TENSES. 



PEE8EXT. 



Quo je chante, that I may sing. 

 Que tu ohantes, that thou mayest 



sing. 



Qu'il chaute, that hi* may ting. 

 Qu'on cbaute, that one may ting. 

 Quo none chautions, that we may 



ing. 

 Que vous chautiez, that you may 



ting. 

 Qu'ils cbanteut, that they may 



ting. 



PAST. 



Que j'aie chante, that I may 

 Que tu nies chante, that thou 



mayeet 



Qu'il ait cbante, that he may 

 Qu'on ait chante, that one may 

 Que nous ayons chante, that 



we may 

 Que vous ayez chante, that 



you may 



Qu'ils aient chante, that they 

 may J 



IMMtKFKOT. 



QaojecliaaUMO, Out I might 



ing. 

 Qua to chantages, that UIM 



mighUtt ring. 

 Qu'il chanUt, that he might ting. 



Qu'on chuuUt, that one might 



ing. 

 Que nous chanUarions, that we 



might ring. 

 Qn on cluintaaaiez, that you 



might ting. 



Qu'ils chantawent, that they might 

 ing. 



QIM J' 



Qu'il 06t chante. that he 



Qti'on efct chante, (hot MU 

 wight 



QIII; li'/Uh MBJ .I,* ' h:il,t.-. 



that might 

 Que vons eaasiex chante, (hot 



vou might 



Qu'Us euaaent cbante, that 

 thy might 



50. REMARKS ON THE PECULIARITIES or SOME VERBS 

 OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. 



(1.) In verbs ending in ger, an e mate is placed after g when 

 this letter should precede a or o, to indicate that g should be 

 sounded soft even before these rowels : 



Nona mang4ons, we eat. 



Je mangtei, / did eat. 



Jugeaut, judging. 



(2.) In verbs ending in oyer and uyer, the y is changed into 

 i, before e, eg, and ent : 



employer, j'emploie, il emplolera. 



essuyer, il eaanie, j'essuleraia. 



nettoyer, tu nettolea, il* nettolent 



NOTE. Thia rale applies, in the fonr conjugations, to all 

 verbs the present participle of which ends in yant. 



However, it does not hold good in the case of verbs of the 

 first conjugation ending in ayer. With these verbs, the 

 change of y into t is optional in the two third persons of the 

 present indicative, and in the whole of the future indicative 

 and of the present conditional ; but the y must be preserved in 

 all the other persons and tenses : il paye, or il paio ; ils 

 payent, or ils paient ; je payerai, je paierai, or je palrai, etc. ; 

 je payerais, jo paierais, or je palrais, etc. (AcAD.) Therefore 

 it may be said that, in verbs ending in ayer, the y may be 

 preserved throughout. 



Verbs ending in ever preserve the y unchanged throughout. 



(3.) In verbs terminating in cer, in order to preserve its soft 

 pronunciation, a cedilla is pat under the c ($) when it comes 

 before a or o : 



CommenCaut, commencing. | Nous plaf one, we place. 



(4.) In many verbs ending in eter and eler, the t or I of the 

 infinitive is doubled, when it comes before e, es, and ent : 



J'appelle, 

 Je jetterai, 



I call ; Us appellant, thty call. 



I will throw ; Tu jettes, thou throic eet. 



(5.) Many verbs form exceptions to the last rule : 



Acheter, to buy. Etiqueter, to tick*. 



Bourreler, to torment. Geler, (O/TMM. 



Colleter, to collar. Uarceler, to teoM. 



Congeler, to congeal. Peler, to peJ. 



D^celer, to detect. Surocheter, to pay dear /or. 

 Decolleter, to uncover the throat. etc., etc., etc. 



D^geler, to thaw. 



In the above verbs, when the t or I comes before e, es, or 

 ent, a grave accent ( ) is put over the e which precedes the t 

 or I .' 



Je pele, 

 J'iichete, 



I peel; 

 I buy ; 



Jo pelerai, I shall peel. 

 J'acheterai, I ahall buy. 



(6.) In verbs of the 1st Conjugation (not ending in eler, 

 eter ; see 4, 5 above) which have e mute in their last but one 

 syllable, a grave accent is put over that e, when the consonant 

 following it comes before , , or ent : 



seiner, 

 lever, 



je seme, 

 tu leves, 



nous semerons, 

 il lAverait, 



qu'ila sement. 

 leve. 



(7.) In verbs of the 1st Conjugation which have 6 in their 

 last but one syllable, the acute accent is changed into a grave 

 one, when the consonant following t comes before e, es, or 

 ent, except, however, in the future and conditional present : 



ceder, il cede je cederoi, von* cederei. 



proteger, tu protege*, ils protegeraient, qu'ila protegenU 



