LESSONS IN LATIN. 



371 



its charge to it. It acts, however, by induction, driving tho 



. o part of tho electricity of tho plato to its upper surfaoo, 



;i:-. I Attracting tho positive portion to tho lower. When tho 



Inger tom-hcs tho plato, tho negative escapes to the ground 



. aiul thus tho whole plato is positively eloe- 



ik apark as soon as its charge is sot free by its 



removal from tho resinous surface. It will thus be seen that 



iu the resin merely acts by induction on the natural 



firrtririty in t> plate, and therefore is not dissipated. As this 



ins remains in working order a long time, if carefully 



1 from dust, and is ready for use at a moment's notice, 



-ometimes found a very great convenience. 



The main drawback to its use is the necessity of touching tho 

 plato every time it is laid upon the form u. This is sometimes 

 obviated by fixing a brass ball on a short wire fixed to the plate, 

 so that it may touch a similar boll attached to the tin case of 

 tho resinous cake, and this plan acts well. A better one has, 

 however, been devised, by which a narrow strip of tinfoil is 

 placed right across the surface of the resin, and mode to com- 

 municate with tho tin sides of the case. Some portion of tho 

 upper plate is sure then to touch this strip, and thus allow tho 

 negative electricity to escape to the ground. 



Another modification, which is said to answer oven better 

 than this, consists in boring three or four holes through the 

 '.own to tho metal plate, and fixing in these pieces of 

 wire with their enda just even with the surface of tho resin. 



One or more of these is almost certain to touch the plate each 

 time it is placed on the resin, and thus a spark can be obtained 

 when the plate is raised, without the trouble of touching it each 

 time with the finger. In this way, with a plate about eighteen 

 inches in diameter, sparks about two inches in length can readily 

 be obtained, and by means of them a good-sized jar may easily 

 be charged. 



A somewhat simpler piece of apparatus, acting on the same 

 principle, is sometimes employed. A piece of window-glass is 

 carefully coated with tinfoil on one side, up to within about two 

 inches of the edge. This is laid with the coated side downwards, 

 and the upper surface is excited by being rubbed with a piece 

 of silk coated with amalgam. The plate is now raised by the 

 corners, and laid with the uncoated side downwards upon some 

 badly conducting substance, such as the dry cover of a book. 

 The tinfoil is then touched with the finger, and on raising the 

 pane a spark may be obtained from it ; this may be repeated, 

 as with the electrophorus, until a sufficient charge has been 

 obtained. Both these instruments are of great service in the 

 laboratory, as in processes of analysis it is frequently necessary 

 to pass a spark through a mixture of gases contained in a closed 

 tube, and for such purposes a machine would be in tho way, and 

 involve a large amount of trouble. Condensers, acting in a 

 similar way by induction, are employed for detecting the pre- 

 sence of small quantities of electricity. These will be described 

 in the next lesson. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XLIV. 



IRREGULAR VERBS (continued). 

 III. FEEO, FERRE, TULI, LATUM, to bear. 



PRESENT ACTIVE. 



IXDIC. : Fero, fern, fert ; 



Ferimus, fertit, ferunt. 

 INFINITIVE': Ferre. 

 IMPERATIVE : Sing. For, ferto, 



Frto. 



Plur. Ferte, fertotc, 

 ferunto. 



IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE. 



Fcrrem, ferres, ferret. 



.1 its, fcrretii, ferrent. 



PRESENT PASSIVE. 



Feror, ferris, /rtur. 

 Ferimur, Ferimini, feruntur. 



Fern. 

 Sinj. Ferre, firtor, 



fcrtor. 

 Plur. Feriminor, 



Feruntor. 



IMPERFECT SUBJtmCTTVI. 



Ferrtr, ferrlris (), /rrtur. 

 Ferremur, Ferrm\ni, ftrrentw. 



The other parts are regularly formed from fero, tnli, and 

 latuin ; as 8ubj. Pres., feram, -as, -at, etc. ; ferar, -aris, -atnr, 

 etc. ; Ind. Imp., ferebam and fercbar; Put., feram, -es, -et, etc., 

 ferar, -eris, -etur, eto. ; Siibj. Perf., tulerim, -is, -it, etc. ; Plup. 

 Ind., tnleram, etc. ; Plup. Subj., tolissem, etc. ; Inf. Put., 

 laturum esse ; Part. Pres., ferens ; Part. Put., laturus, -a, -nm ; 

 Part. Pass., latus ; Part. Pass., in -dus, ferendus ; Gerund 1 , 

 ferundum. 



So also the compounds, as offero, obtuli, oblatum, to bring 



before. From the stem of the perfect tali. MOM tollo, toiler*, 

 MUi-tuJi, sub-latum, to raise, take away. 



VOCABULAKT. 



Afforo. kfferre attuli, 

 allatum, (o bring to. 



Auforo (ab and fen), 

 ftuferrc, oU-tuli, ab- 

 latum, (o take avay, 

 (o vntlidrav. 



Bellum i&foro alicui, to 

 moi icor on. 



Comm&dum, -i, n., ad- 

 vanta'je, convenience. 



Confero, couferre, con- 

 tuli, coOatum. to 

 bring t&jether, eon- 

 tribute, compare. 



Iufro, iaterr- 



1 ' r i .':.,' T i ' : T> , ' r > 



tali, pmlatam, to 



: -.' , j ' r 

 Qnl (qno), 



Defero, defom, detail, 



defattom, to M*g 



down, pretmt, aeeittt. 

 Doctor, -vru, m., a 



leather. 

 Effero, efferre, eztoli, 



clatum, to bring out, 



to carry out for inter- 



mmt, to bury. 

 Fundi tus./rom (h/oun- 



dation, thoroughly. 

 Gigas, gigantii, m., a 



giant. 



The compounds of fero are a good study in relation to the 

 forms which propositions take in combination, and the modifi- 

 cations of meaning which they occasion. 



EXERCISE 167. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



Bee ert (wttfc fii- 



I '.-'< r : ! r r- , r<-* i . . 



relatum, ta 

 lack, rtport, rtftr. 



1. Ferte mise'ro atque indpl auxilium. 2. Confer nostram 

 mam tatatem cum ajtcrnitato, ot breviasima videbitur. 3. Quid qumqw 

 nox aut dies forat, inccrtum est. 4. Incnmbe in earn curam 

 cogitationem, qua tibi sammam dignitatem et gloriam anTtnt u. 

 Ferre laborom consuetudo dooet. 6. Pecuniam pneferre mirttia 

 sordidum est. 7. Ut quisque maxime ad suum commodom retort 

 qu&ecunque agit, ita miuimo est vir bonus. 8. Bonnm cirem rrtpub- 

 licse dignitatem suis omnibus commodis pneferre oportet. 9. Hoc 

 doctoris intelh'gentis eat videre quo ferat natara sua quemqn. Id 

 Aristides in tanta paupertate decesait ut qui efferretur, rix reliquent 

 11. Poetae ferunt gigantes bellnm diis intulisse. 12. Socrates eundem 

 vultum domum referebat quem domo extulerat. 13. Quod auri, quod 

 argonti, quod omamentorum in urbibus Sicilias ft 1 :* id verres abatuUt 

 11. Multi etiam nature vitium meditatione atque exercitatione sus- 

 tulerunt. 15. Pietate adversua Deum aublata, fides etiam et sodetas 

 humani generis tollitnr. 16. Qui Deum esse negant, nonne omnem 

 religionem funditus sustulerunt. 17. Caritate benevolentiaque aublata, 

 omuls est e vita sublata jucuuditaa. 



EXERCISE 168. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Compare thy folly with thy father's wisdom. 2. I have com. 

 pared my sin with God's love. 3. I will compare small things with 

 great. 4. I have borne a mass of evil. 5. A mass of evil has been 

 borne by me. 6. The giants are said to have raised mountains. 7. I 

 know not what the day may bear (bring). 8. Bear the labour patiently 

 (with an equal mind). 9. Do not refer all things to thy own advan- 

 tage. 10. The enemy has taken away what gold and silver I had. 11. 

 Love being taken away, all the pleasure of home is taken away. 12. 

 Canst thou take away the fault of nature by meditation ? 13. Do not 

 take away the faith and intercourse of life. 



IT. VOLO. VELLE, voLUi, to be \cittiny, to wish. 

 NOLO, NOLLE, NOLUi, to be unwilling, refuse, 

 MALO, MALLE, MALUI, to be more vMing, prefer. 



Nolo is mode up of non and volo ; as, non-volo, nolo ; and 

 malo is made up of magis and volo ; as, magis-volo, mavolo. 

 Consequently, the first vowel of nolo and malo is long, whilo 

 that of volo is short. 



scBJUKcmrx. 



Velim. Nolim. Malitn. 



Velia. Nous. Malis. 



Velit. Nolit Malit. 



Velimus. Nolimns. Malimns, 



Velitis. Nolitis. Malitis. 



Velint. Noliut. Maliut. 



INDICATIVE. 



Sing. Vols. Nolo. Malo. 



Via. Non-vis. Mavis. 



Vult. Non-vult. Mavult 



Kit. Volttmns. Noluuius. Malumus. 



Vultia. Non-vultis. Mavultis. 



Volunt. Nolont. Malunt. 



Mallcm. 



Imperftct. 



Volebam. Kolebam. Ualebam. Vollem. NoDom. 



Tolcbas. Nolebos. Malebas. Velles. Nolles. 



etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. 



Nolam. Mahun. 



Noles. M. 



etc. etc. 



IXPKRATIVS (of volo and malo none). 

 Siny. 2, Noll, nollto ; o, nollto. Plur. 2, Nollte, nolitote ; 3, uolunta 



Volam. 

 Voles. 

 etc. 



Volena, -tis. Nolens, -Us. (Of malo none.) 



Tho forms that are made from the perfect are regular, thns : 

 volui. volnerim, voluero, rolueram, voluisse, voluissem. The 

 other parts are wanting. 



