THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



EXAMPLES. 



Nom. 5)ic2cibnigc,theLeibnitzes. 2>te @d;tege(, the Schlegels. 



Gen. 35et Scibnige, of the Leib- JDcr d;teget, of the Schlegels. 



nitzes. 



Dat. Sen SciOnifcen, to the Leib- 35cn @d;lcgeln, to the Schlegels. 



nitzes. 



Ace. jtc8eibni&e,theLeibnitzes. 3)i e d;Ieget, the Schlegels. 



Nom. 35ic Suifcn, the Louisas. 

 Gen. >er Suifen, of the Louisas. 

 Dat. 2>en Snifcn, to the Louisas. 

 Ace. >te Suifen, the Louisas. 



!Dic ?luuen, the Annes. 

 >cr 21nnen, of the Annes. 

 3>cn 2lnnen, to the Annes. 

 33ic 2lnnen, the Annes. 



22. PEOPEE NAMES OF COUNTRIES, CITIES, ETC. 



(1.) Proper names of places admit of no changes of form 

 for the purposes of declension, beyond the mere addition of S 

 to the genitive singular ; as : SBcrttn, Berlin ; gen. 28erlin8, of 

 Berlin. 



(2.) If, however, the word end in a sound not easily admitting 

 an 8 after it. the case is distinguished by placing before it a 

 noun preceded by the article ; or it is expressed by the prep, 

 con ; as : )tc tabt Oftatnj, the city Mayence. 2)ie Simcotyner son 

 JpariS, the inhabitants of Paris. 



23. OBSEEVATIONS. 



(1.) When several proper names belonging to the same per- 

 son, and not preceded by the article, come together, the last one 

 only is declined ; as : Sofyann Sfyvtflopb, SlbelungS @prad;{eljrc, John 

 Christopher Adelung's grammar; if, however, the article pre- 

 cede, none of them undergo change ; as : 3)ie 2Berfe be3 3o;ann 

 ottlob Verier, the works of John Gottlob Herder. 



(2.) When a common and a proper name of the same person, 

 preceded by the article, concur, the common noun alone is in- 

 flected; as: er Xot* be8 flonigg Subttrig, the death of King 

 Louis ; if no article precede, the proper noun is declined ; as, 

 ftimtg SubhngS ob, King Louis' death. 



(3.) When a Christian name is separated from a family name 

 by a preposition (specially von), the Christian name only admits 

 of declension ; as : !Dte ebicfytc 8rtcbrid) von critter, the poems 

 of Frederick of Schiller ; if, however, the genitive precede the 

 governing noun, the family name only takes the sign of declen- 

 sion; as: gviebvid; von filters 23erfc, Frederick of Schiller's 

 works. 



24. ADJECTIVES. 



(1.) Adjectives are, in German, generally so varied in termi- 

 nation, as to indicate thereby the gender, number, and case of 

 the words with which they are joined. Before treating of their 

 inflection, however, we shall present and explain those significant 

 suffixes which are most commonly employed in forming adjec- 

 tives from other words. 



(2.) Here, as was done in the case of derivative nouns ( 10, 

 11), each suffix is given with its corresponding English equiva- 

 lent, its meaning explained, and its use further illustrated by a 

 series of examples. 



25. SUFFIXES 



SUFFIXES. 



EQUIVALENTS. 



bar, [ablc,ible, ile~] 



USED IN FOBMING ADJECTIVES. 



aft, [ive, ish] 



tg, [y, fill] 



id;t, [y, ous, ish] 



{id;, pi/, ish, able] 



iffy lish, some, al] 



fam, [some, a6Je] 



SUFFIXES. 



tar, 



( StenftBar, 

 ( trttbar, 



implies ability ; sometimes disposition. 

 ( points to something made of that ex- 

 ( pressed by the radical, 

 denotes tendency or inclination; also 



resemblance. 

 represents a thing 1 as being full of that 



denoted by the radical, 

 denotes similarity of nature or cha- 

 racter. 

 implies likeness or sameness either of 



manner or degree ; also ability. 

 represents something as pertaining or 



belonging to. 

 expresses inclination; sometimes ability. 



26. EXAMPLES. 



WORDS. 



serviceable, tributary, 

 that can be seen ; visible. 



en, 

 ern, 



6, a ft, 



lid;, 



fam, 



often, 



JBlcicrn,* 



[Slei-er-(e)n] 



ugenbl;aft, 



SReiftetfjaft 



/ SSfumtg, 



) 23Iumicf)t, 



1 SBalbig, 



( at jtcfjt, 

 SBruberltct;, 

 .ftranfttcfy, 

 upftcf;, 



( Srbifd;, 



am, 



( 2lrbeitf< 

 j Solgfam, 



made of gold, 

 leaden. 



inclined to virtue ; virtuous. 



resembling a master ; masterly. 



full of flowers ; abounding in flowers. 



flowery, that is, like flowers. 



woody, that is, abounding in woods. 



saltish ; somewhat like salt. 



brotherly, or like a brother. 



sickly. 



sweetish, somewhat sweet. 



movable. 



earthly ; belonging to earth. 



poetical. 



quarrelsome. 



} inclined to work ; diligent. 

 > inclined to follow (orders), that is, obo 

 ) dient. 



ifcty is the ending commonly added to names of places point- 

 ing to things belonging to them; as: ngtifcty, fdjtoebtfc^ ( 5 [</]), 

 etc. If, however, a name be a town, the suffix er is used in place 

 of ifcJ;; as, baS 2J}erfcburger S3ier, the Merseburg beer. 



27. DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. 

 (1.) Whether an adjective is to be inflected at all or not, de- 

 pends wholly upon the way in which it is used ; for, when em- 

 ployed as a predicate, it is never declined; when as an 

 attribute, almost always. Bo the noun, therefore, masculine, 

 feminine, or neuter ; be it singular or plural ; if the adjective to 

 which it is applied be used as a predicate (Sect. IX. Note), its 

 form remains; unchanged ; thus : 



35et 3)2ann ifl g u t, the man is good. 



ie Srau ifi gut, the woman is good. 



Sa8 .ffiub ifl gut, the child is good. 



S)te (DJanncv finb gut, the men are good. 



3d; ncnne bie Winter fcfjou, I call the children beautiful. 



28. DECLINABLE ADJECTIVES. 



(1.) There are two declensions of adjectives, as there are two 

 declensions of nouns the Old and the New. In either of these, 

 according to circumstances, are attributive adjectives declined. 

 The following are the terminations of 



jtfASC. 



Nom. -er, 

 Gen. -e, en, 

 Dat. -em, 

 Ace. -en, 



THE OLD DECLENSION. 



Singular. 



FEM. NEUT. 



-e, -e3. 



-er, 



-e, en. 



-cm. 



-eS. 



Plural. 



FOB ALL GENDEKS. 



-e. 

 -er. 

 -en. 

 -e. 



Adjectives ending in e(, en, er, commonly drop the e upon re- 

 ceiving a suffix ; as : 



bet, noble. <b(er 2ftann, noble man. 



drben, even. @6ner 2Beg, even path. 



Sauter, pure. CautreJ olb, pure gold. 



Upon adding en, the e of the termination (en) may be dropped; 

 as : en fyeitern, or tyettren 9ftorgen, the serene morning. 



In the genitive singular masculine and neuter the termination 

 en is preferable. 



29. RULE FOE ADJECTIVES, 



When the adjective stands either entirely alone before its 

 substantive, or is preceded and restricted by a word that is un- 

 declined or indeclinable, it follows the Old form of declension. 



EXAMPLES. 

 Singular. Plural. 



MASCULINE. 



Nom. uter SSater, good father. @ute SSflter, good fathers. 

 Gen. (Suteg (en) SSatcrg, of good @uter SSater, of good fathers. 



father. 

 Dat. utem SSater, to good uten SSctern, to good fathers. 



father. 

 Ace. uten SSater, good father. ute SSater, good fathers. 



* The letters er in this word are simply euphonic ; while tha e of 

 the suffix en is dropped, also, for euphony ( 2. [8]) 



