ENOI.I-H I , ITK UATT7RE. 





nsarnnoi. 



al. 



-. V.-K(-Kf \IV-ffO, 



t-Kt-Kt\tV-(T-(jOoV, <-K<-Kf A<l/-<r0. 

 t-K(-Kt\fU-ff-tT0rlV, 1-Kt-Kt \tU-ff-fJHVu. 



. t:>\tv-<T-di)r. FUT. PASS. KAt/-o--07j<ro/ia<. 



EXEKCISK 95. GREEK-ENOLISH. 



1. Ol ffrparturat irpoj TOUS iroAffitoi/r irop*u<?0a( KcAi/o'0ii<rcu'. 

 2. 2irapT7j ITOT into o-a>tou Stivtas <rei(T0jj. 3. 'H TW;- Tltpffttv 

 5vva/.us iro TWC 'E\Ar)fa' rfOpaverrcu. 4. OJ iroAt/utot tii TTJV 

 a/cpov KaT)tAc<orflij<ra'. 5. 'Or ol /3ap)3apoi TUI> affiriSwv irpoj ra 

 Sopara viro riav 'E\\rji>uv KfKpovfffifvtav riffdavovro, 8poft.tp t<f>fvyov. 

 6. 'O iroA/ioj KO.rtiraviTd'i). 7. EAin fa/up warra *u ewOcrf iv. 8. 

 E<0 iravra KaAais avOtrai/ut. 9. 'H avi>9i\Ki\ faro r<av 

 AcAOroi. 



EXERCISE 96. ENGLISH-GREEK. 

 1. The soldiers liavo been commanded to go against the 

 enemy. 2. Our city has been broken by an earthquake. 3. 

 That city will bo broken by an earthquake. 4. The city IB 

 shaken (pres.) by an earthquake. 5. Thv, ^ower of the Persians 

 waa broken by the Greeks. 6. The enemy (plur.) has been 

 shut up in the citadel. 7. The shields were struck against the 

 spears by the enemy. 8. The war has been made to cease 

 ated). 9. The war will have been terminated. 10. May 

 we complete all things well ! (opt. aor.) 11. To command (aor.) 

 is easier than to complete (aor.). 12. The treaty will be broken 

 by the enemy. 



ETYMOLOGICAL VOCABULARY. 



The word irrpaTiurr)! is connected with a numerous list of 

 terms, of which we give a list below. The root is arpar, which 

 is found in its simplest form in the noun vrpana, an army, and 

 the root en-par (compare the Latin strai in stratum from sterno) 

 is connected in origin and import with <r-r(><i>vi/vtt.i, I spread out, I 

 cover, as a camp occupies a field, so that ffrparos is properly a 

 camp or an organised army, and arpana an embattled troop. 



LESSONS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. VIII 



THE ELIZABETHAN AGE SPENSEE. 



EDMUND SPENSER was born in London, probably in the year 

 1553. His descent was noble, but his family seem to have 

 been in straitened circumstances. Ot his early youth little 

 or nothing is known ; but in 1569 we find that he entered 

 Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. That he there pursued his studies 

 with diligence, and laid the foundation of a very unusual 

 amount of learning and an immense knowledge of literature, 

 no one who reads his poems can doubt ; for few poets have 

 drawn their materials irom more varied sources, or used those , 



material* more thoroughly with the tn-rt and n*tarslnees wh&ab 

 spring from long sad intimate familiarity , than Spenser . During 

 hi* college career, Spenser farmed a daw friendship with * 

 man who, in his own day, enjoyed a very high reputation (or 

 learning and litorary ability, Gabriel Harvey* frienaship 

 which ultimately exurcued a great influence over Spencer 1 * 

 career. Harvey WM the leader of a faihion, which Us inimenes 

 rendered not unmiual for a time, of adapting the fjsjdeffi olassi- 

 cal metre* founded on quantity, not, like Bnfiish metre*, on 

 accent to English poetry ; and Spenser, as hie correspondence 

 with Uarrey show*, WM infected by Us friend's fanny for a 

 time, though this eccentricity did not in Spenser's cave last 

 long. Harvey, however, did for Spenser the real senrios of 

 introducing him to Sir Philip Sidney, who proved, ss long ss 

 his short life lasted, Spenser's most faithful and generous friend 

 and protector. To the friend and favourite of Sidney the society 

 of all the most eminent men of the day was naturally open; 

 and Spenser soon found friends or patrons in Leicester, Essex, 

 Kaleigh, and many more among the statesmen or courtiers who 

 fvdorned the brilliant court of Elizabeth. Nor was it long 

 before ho became known to the Queen herself. Spenser had 

 probably written much poetry which has since been lost, and 

 perhaps some of the minor pieces which we still possess, before 

 or very soon after he left the university ; but the first poem by 

 which he attracted the notice of the court, and established his 

 reputation as the great poet of the day, was " The Shepherd's 

 Calendar." This work is in form a series of twelve idyls, or 

 pastoral dialogues, one for each mouth in the year. But the 

 poems are pastoral only in form; for sometimes, under the 

 guise of shepherds, we have Colin Clout (the poet himself) and 

 Hobbinol (his friend Harvey), or others of like character, 

 moralising upon old age ; sometimes discussing the pleasures 

 and pains of love; sometimes singing the praises of Queen 

 Elizabeth ; sometimes discussing the protjress of poetry and the 

 condition of poets; and sometimes the comparative merits of 

 the Catholic and Protestant systems, and the vices of the 

 worldly clergy. 



By this work, and through the influence of Sidney and those 

 to whose favour Sidney had recommended him, Spenser's con- 

 nection with the court was established ; and from time to time 

 ho seems to have received unimportant employment in the 

 public service. But his favour with Leicester almost necessarily 

 implied disfavour with Leicester's opponents ; and thus at first 

 no great benefit from the royal partiality fell to his share. 

 Probably at this time, and almost certainly at a later period, 

 the Lord Treasurer Bnrleigh was his foe ; and the psinfnlTiflst 

 of what he then and afterwards endured is strikingly expressed 

 by him in the well-known lines in "Mother Hubbard's Tale: " 



" Moat miserable man, whom wicked fate 

 Hath brought to court to me for had-y-wiat, 

 That few have found and many one bath migesd f 

 Full little knowest thou, who hast not tried, 

 What hell it U in suing long to bide ; 

 To lose good days, that might be better spent ; 

 To waste long nights in pensive discontent ; 

 To speed to-day, to be put back to-morrow ; 

 To feed on hope, to pine with fear sad sorrow ; 

 To have thy prince's grace, yet want her peers / 

 To hare thy asking, yet wait many years ; 

 To fret thy soul with crosses and with cares ; 

 To eat thy heart through comfortless despairs ;" 

 To fawa, to crouch, to wait, to ride, to run. 

 To spend, to give, to want, to be undone. 

 Unhappy wight, born to disastrous end, 

 That doth his life iu so long tendance spend." 



At last, in 1580, Lord Grey de Wilton was appointed lord- 

 deputy of Ireland, and Spenser went to Ireland with him as 

 secretary. How long he filled this post, or any public employ- 

 ment in Ireland, is not quite certain ; but he soon acquired a 

 more lasting tie to that country. Through the influence, no 

 doubt, of his powerful friends, he received a grant of land in 

 the county of Cork, a portion of the forfeited estates of the 

 Earls of Desmond, together with the castle of Kilcolman. This 

 became thenceforth his usual and permanent place of abode, 

 and was the scene in which he composed the greater and more 

 important part of his works ; though his visits to England and 

 to the court, for the purpose of seeing his works through the 

 press and presenting them to the queen and his other patrons, 

 were frequent. But in 1598 a calamity befell him which em 



