LKSSONS IN LATIN. 



19 



.i are accounted the tinost; mahogany, and 

 other tirnli. -i ; dye-woods, as I wood, Nicaragua 



wood. .Many"! duett are equally the growth of 



(!iii:ui:i, in tropical South America, from whoso OXU- 



.11 Mi- obtain t.lio cocoa of which chocolate 



I--; fruit -i, t.:i|>iur:i, bark: \n-j,-ih,-r with reprosou- 

 6 forms of the llora of t !i 



'I'ln- r.- mblam-e of produce throughout, t.hi tropics 

 (Minio! f;iil to be ;ii-:il dispersion of 



plants and animals, and the < ;md ditl'u- ion of I 



:ic-\ , h:ive increa-ed the an ; 



growth almost witliout. limit; have made tho good 

 4fl of one country compensate for failures elso- 

 . have added to the stores of food und clothing, 

 and oilier neee>-aries ; and, by so much, have added 

 to human life and happiness. The<e results have 

 led human industry and intelligence ten thou- 

 sandfold, ai.d they outfit, to encourage us to extend tho 

 sphere of knowledge io its widest bounds. 



LESSONS IN LATIN. XLV. 



THE DEFECTIVE VERBS. 

 riVE verbs arc those which are deficient in certain parts 

 l>elong to tho model verbs. Already we have met with 

 :is quoo, which had not all the usual parts. But there are 



some which, being very or specially defective, are called " the 

 \o vi-rbs." The distinction may not bo very rigid, but in 



grammar you must not expect the exactitude of geometry. 



i. AIO, 7 say " aye " or " yes," I affirm, maintain. 



Pre. Aio, HIM, ait, and'aiuut. 



.' ''. Aios, aiat, and aiant. 



/mi. Imp. Aiebain, -has, -bat, -bamus, -batis, -bant (no subj.). 

 Part. Aioiis, aiontis (as an adj.). 



II. INQXJAM, I say. 



Pret. Inquam, inquis, inquit, inquimus, inqultis, inquiunt. 

 I'res. Inquiat. 



/">/>. Inquiebat or inquibat (no subj.). 



Inquics and inquiet. 

 Ind. Per/. luquisti and inquit. 

 Imp. Inque, inqutto. 



xii. MEMINI, MEMINISSE, to remember (with gen. and ace.) 

 GDI, ODISSE, to hate. 



CCSPI, CCEPISSE, to In 



NOVI, NOVISSE (NOSSE), to know. 



These four forms are perfect tenses. Thus, novi is the perfect 

 tense of nosco. In signification the perfect may denote the re- 

 sult of the act spoken of in the present, and that result may in 

 English be expressed by another verb. Thus, as the result of 

 inquiry is knowledge, so novi, the perfect of nosco, I inquire 

 iii tn, I become acquainted with, signifies I know. 



These four perfects, together with the parts derived from 

 them, are regular. Observe that the meaning of tho perfect 

 form being in English present, the meaning of tho pluperfect 

 will be imperfect, and so on. 



Per/. 

 Ind. 



Sidy'. 

 Plitp. 



fnd. 

 Plup. 



Subj. 

 Put. 



Ind. 

 Imp. 



Inf. 

 Pcrf. 



Inf. 

 ffut. 



Part. 



}Memiui, I ri- 

 me mber. 



) Meininerim, I 

 J may remember. 



}Memineram, I 

 remembered. 

 ) Memioissem, I 

 ) might remember, 

 i Meminero, /shall 

 f remember. 

 Memento, remem- 

 ber thou. 



Momcntote, re- 

 member ye. 

 \ Meminissc, to re- 

 J membfr. 

 ) (None.) 



(None.) 



Odi, I hate. Ccepi, I begin. Novi, I know. 



Oderim, I may 



hate. 

 Oderam, Hutted. 



Odissem, I 

 . might hate. 

 Odero, I shall 

 hate. 

 (None.) 



(None.) 

 Odisse, (o hate. 



Osurum esse, 

 to be about (o 

 hate. 



Osus, hated. 



Coeperim, I 



may begin. 

 Coepcruin, I 



began. 

 Coepissem, I 



nii'jkt begin. 

 Coepero, I shall 



bey in. 



Noverim, I 



may know. 

 Noveram, I 



knew. 

 Novissem, I 



might know. 

 Novero.Ishail 



fcnoic. 



Coepisse, to be- Novisse 



(nosse)(o fcnoic 

 Ccspturum esse, (None.) 



to be about to 



begin. 

 Ccepturus, about (None.) 



to begin. 

 Coeptus, begun. 



Omu paaflea into the compound* exomu and peromu, greatly 

 hated. Inxtoad of ooopi, ccepenun, and no on, cceptn* mm, 

 cusptua eratn WM iwed when the connected infinitive wa* of 

 the pauivo voice ; M, urbn uxlificori coapta et, Hie city le>jan ti 

 lie Lit Ht that i, they began to build the city. The name taken 

 place with deino, / eeate, M orb* tedificari declta ect, they havr 

 discontinued the building of the city. 



VOCABULARY, 



Bollus, -a. -uro, benitli. Hnnupex, -Icis. MM MolMttu, -a, -urn, 



ful ( benoo the French teko for el MM irenU by trouUtiom*. 



beau, bil, belU). looking into tho tn. 8iv (MO) tv (seu), 



Conaontaneus. -a, -urn, trail* of lacrijiced vlulheror. 



corruyondtnt, ivU- tatimaU, a divitur. Soa.suia, 3(com.gen.), 



abU. a MW, pig. 



EXERCISE 175. LATTN-ENOLIHH. 



1. Contraria ea mint quorum aitorum ait quid alterant negat. X. 

 Cato mirari e aiebat quod non rideret harutpes hartupicem qnotu 

 vidinet. 3. Sua, ut aiuut. docet Minenram. 4. Tu ate, ego nego. 

 5. Negat Epicurus quenquam qui honeato non rivat, jucunde powe 

 virere, quasi ego id curein quid ille aiat aut neget. 6. Illud quaere 

 quid ei qui in Toluptate summum bonum putat, consentaneum (it 

 dicere. 7. Sive tu hoc ais, sire negas, ego tuebor sententiam meam. 

 8. Negantia contraria suut aioutibus. 9. Negabis esse ram ullani quat- 

 cognosci possit ? 10. Aisne? aio ; negos no? nego. 11. Tn rero, 

 inquisti, mihi inolestiis nunquam eris. 12. Ainicu* meus, inquies, 

 nonne cat homo bellus. 



EXERCISE 176. 



1. I deny wbat thou afflrincst. 2. When 1 sajr "yes" he says 

 "yes;" when I say "no "he says " uo." 3. Thou host, they ay, 

 left the city. 4. I do not know whether thou affirmest or deniest the 

 thing. 5. Affirmative opinions (aientia) aro contrary to negatire (ones.). 

 6. Thy father, they aay, will return to Rome (ace.). 7. Sweet and 

 comely it is, says Horace, to die for one's country. 8. Never, you 

 say, is a friend troublesome to me. 9. Forget benefits conferred, 

 remember benefits received. 10. I will remember thee when absent 

 (simply the participle). 11. If we remember tho benefits conferred 

 on us by our parents, we shall never be unthankful towards them. 



KEY TO EXEECISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN. XLIV. 

 EXERCISE 167. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Bear aid to the wretched and needy person. 2. Compare oiu 

 longest life with eternity, and it will appear very short. 3. It is 

 uncertain what each day and night may bring. 4. Apply care and 

 thought to that which may bring to thee the highest dignity and glory. 

 5. Use teaches how to bear labour. 6. It is sordid to prefer money to 

 friendship. 7. In proportion as each person refers whatever he does 

 to his own advantage, so is he least a good man (so is he farthert from 

 being a good man) . 8. It is necessary for a good citizen to prefer the 

 dignity of the republic to all bis own advantages. 9. This is a part of 

 a good teacher, to see to what his natural character inclines each 

 (pupil). 10. Aristides died in such poverty that he scarcely left 

 enough to bury him (to pay the erjiense of his funeral). 11. T)ic 

 poets relate that the giants made war on the gods. ' 12. Socrates bore 

 back home the same countenance which he bore from home (left home 

 with). 13. Verres took away (plundered) all the gold, all the silver, 

 and all the ornaments that were in the cities of Sicily. 14. Many have 

 removed (destroyed) even the vice (the bad qualities) of their nature- 

 by meditation and effort. 15. Piety towards God being destroyed, the 

 confidence and intercourse of the human race is also destroyed. 16. 

 Have not they who deny that God exists utterly destroyed all religion ? 

 17. Affection and benevolence being destroyed, all pleasure is taken 

 from life. 



EXERCISE 168. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Confer stultitiam tuara cum patris sapientia. 2. Meum pecca- 

 tum cum Dei bonitate contuli. 3. Purva cum magnis conferam. 4. 

 Malorum tuli molem. 5. Malorum moles a me lata est. 6. Gigantes 

 sustulisse montes feruntur. 7. Quid ferat dies mihi est incertum. S. 

 JEquo animo fer laborem. 9. Ne omnia ad tuum commodnm refer. 10. 

 Quod auri, quod argon ti habui abstulit hostis. 11. Caritate sublata, 

 sublata est omnis domi jucundiias. 12. Vitiumne natures ineditatione 

 potes tollero ? 13. Ne fidem et vitte societatem tollas. 



EXERCISE 169. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. He who wishes his virtue to be published, labours not for virtue 

 but glory. 2. Do not poets wish to be celebrated after death ? 3. I, 

 an old man, do not wish for the same things as I wished for (trhn) a 

 youth. 4. Love, if thou desirest to be loved. 5. We must enjoy the 

 good of the mind (mental good) if we wish to be happy. 6. He is 

 teachable who is willing to listen attentively. 7. All benefits wish to 

 (should) be placed in the light. 8. If you are willing to be earnest and 

 diligent, you will often find great instruction in little things. 9. We 

 are unwilling to grow weary in preserving good men. 10. Men do not 

 like that the same person should excel in many things. 11. Do not 



