LKSSOXS IN 



idea, which the first qualifies tut a whole, the Moond adjectire 

 take* (except m th i.iu. sing, and m tin- iimu. ,u,.l un-. jilunil/ 

 the new form of droli-iiM-.n ; u* : 'Din trodii em lutip tn Sant, 

 with ilry white naud ; where white $and, that in, wind which in 



m said aim to b<- 



(;{.) l'urti<-i|'l<-s an- diM'liiifd after the manner of adjectives ; 

 thus, tnr gflitMc 'Uruur, tho beluyod brother; gen. M gdubtcn 



tin- bulored brother, eto. 



Adjectives in German, as in other language*, are, by 



, often made to sorve in plaoo of nouns. They then 



ital letter, and, except ink' that they retain the 



<>n peculiar to adjectives, arc in all respects 



treated as nouns. Their gender is made apparent either by 



rminations or by the presence of an article or other defl- 



\vord ; as : <5tn rutftyrr, a German ; ticftr Dfutfd;c, this 



German ; tit Tfutfcff, the German woman ; ta @d>ont, the beau- 



liful ; ta (Wiitf, the good ; that is, that which is beautiful that 



\\lii.-li is i,'. i. .i|. So, also, lot ilBcip, tlie white; fca Stun, the 



green ; ta* SXetb, the rod, etc. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GERMAN. 

 EXEBCISB 148 (Vol. III., page 92). 



1. I mm glad to meet with you here, I have important matters to 

 communicate to you. 2. I am glad to see you BO well. 3. I should 

 be glad to aee you again soon. 4. He is angry at the behaviour of 

 his nephew. 5. He is angry on account of his son's staying out. 6. 

 She is augry with herself. 7. The friend was vexed with me, but I 

 have pacified him again. 8. The mother is angry with her stubborn 

 child. 9. I am angry with him, because he has offended me. 10. Do 

 you know Mr. N. ? 11. Yes, I became acquainted with him lost week 

 at your aunt's house. 12. I become better acquainted with him every 

 day. 13. One becomes acquainted with anybody sooner than with 

 one's self. 14. Where did you become acquainted with this gentleman ? 

 15. We have known each other from our youth, and become better 

 acquainted every day. 16. Do you know Miss B. ? 17. No, but I 

 hope yet to become acquainted with her. 18. This man will soon 

 become known through his excellent works. 19. Mr. N. introduced 

 me to this family. 20. He was introduced to the company by his 

 brother. 21. This man's exterior represents nothing. 22. This actor 

 personated Charles XII. 23. By whom were you introduced ? 24. I 

 am indebted to the rich merchant's niece for this honour. 25. 

 My friend introduced me to the company. 26. The Frenchman 

 introduced this new fashion. 27. The smuggler imports forbidden 

 goods. 



EXERCISE 149 (Vol. III., page 92). 



1. (J nnirte mir fcbt angeneljm fcin, ttennSte mid; jufrictcn licfkn. 2. 

 (S luar f&r bcfrietigcnb fur mid;, meinen !8rufccr hwbl u fel;en. 3. @ if! 

 mir fchr Ue6 ju b,6ren, fcaji 3b,r Untcvnebmcn gehmcjcn ifl. 4. @r ifl fcofe 

 ubcr ta Sktragtn feincS 33rutS. 5. 2)2ein !8ruter fUKtc mid) -Ijcmt . 

 cot. 6. 3(1 3bre @d;ieflcr fd;on mit mcincm 23vutcr bc!annt geioortcn ? 

 7. 3a, fu ttrnte ibn in tern lc(jtcn Gcnccrtc fcnncn. 8. SBtffcn Sic, 

 njaruin 3^r '-Bvutcr fu K>fc til ? 9. Grr ifl bofe auf mid;, mcit id) ubcr. U)n 

 ladjte. 10. cr Sdjaufpidet ftefUe ^cinnd) IV. fefyt gut . 11. 3ene 

 Sfagicrung bat gute cfc|je tingefubrt. 12. 3>icfe 2)Jctc ifl von ten Stan- 

 joftn cingefubtt mitten. 13. 5>ic 2Btin.&infub.r von granfteid) ifl febr 

 gqf. 



LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY. XLI. 



OCEANIA AND ITS DIVISIONS MALAYSIA MICRONESIA 

 POLYNESIA. 



WE now come to the consideration of the sixth and last division 

 of the world's surface, which is called by modern geographers 

 Oceania, because the land found in it, with the exception of the 

 small continent of Australia, consists of clusters and groups of 

 'slands, of comparatively small size, that lie like dots of verdure 

 scattered over the broad blue expanse of the Pacific Ocean. 



Boundaries and Divisions. The lines that form the boun- 

 daries of Oceania may be traced as follows. Its northern limit 

 is the 36th parallel of north latitude, or, rather, as much of 

 this parallel as is intercepted between the meridians of 160 

 east and west. Starting from the point of intersection of 36 

 north latitude and 160 west longitude, a line traced thence in 

 a diagonal direction to the intersection of the equator with 105 

 west longitude, forms its boundary on the north-east. Its 

 limit or the east is the meridian of 105 west longitude traced 

 southward till it meets the 60th parallel of south latitude, 

 which parallel from this point to its intersection with 100 east 

 longitude forms its southern boundary. On the west the 



meridian of 100 cant longitude forma it* limit a far as its 

 intersection with the parallel of 10 Bouth latitude, while on 

 t h- wont it in bounded by a lino traced round the north- 

 wont end of Sumatra and through the .strait of Malacca M far 

 M the intersection of 10 north latitu : . > J east longi- 



tude, and thence in a straight lino to the wontcrn extremity of 

 its northern limit, the intersection of 36 north latitude and 

 160 east longitude. 



This enormous area Is divided into four parts, and in naming 

 them and their extent we shall not repeat the portion of the 

 external boundary lino which belongs to each, but merely define 

 the lines within this limit which divide the whole area into 

 four equal portions. 



The first part is called Malaysia, or the Eastern, Indian, or 

 Asiatic Archipelago. It formn the north -western portion of 

 Oceania, and is bounded on the east by 131 east longitude, 

 and on the south by 10 south latitude. It is called Malaysia 

 because it is the home of the Malay race, a people distinguished 

 by a bright tawny-brown complexion and straight black hair, 

 and noted for a cruel and bloodthirsty disposition. The people 

 on the coast of the islands of Malaysia are much addicted to 

 piracy. 



The second division forming the south-western part of 

 Oceania is called Australasia or Melanesia. It is bounded on 

 the north by the equator, and on the east by the 180th meridian. 

 It derives its name Australasia from its position being situated 

 to the south of the continent of Asia and Malaysia, whose islands 

 were formerly reckoned as among the Asiatic islands. The 

 name Melanesia is obtained from two Greek words, meaning 

 black and island, and may bo taken to mean the " district of 

 the block islands," so called in reference to the colour of their 

 inhabitants, the natives of New Guinea being an athletic negro 

 race, as black, but far uglier in appearance than the negro of 

 Africa, while the natives of Australia are dark -brown in colour. 

 The chief point in which the natives of New Guinea and Aus- 

 tralia differ from the negro is in the hair, which is straight, 

 instead of being so short and crisped as to resemble wool. 



The third or north-eastern division, called Micronesia, from 

 the smallnoss of the islands that are found in it, is bounded on 

 the west by 131 west longitude, and on the south by the equator. 



The fourth or south-eastern division, called Polynesia, from 

 the great number of islands that lie scattered over its surface, 

 is bounded on the north by the equator, and on the west by 

 the 180th meridian. 



A brief notice of the principal islands of Malaysia has been 

 given in the description of the continent of Asia and its depen- 

 dencies (Vol. III., page 121), but it will be as well to recapitu- 

 late their names here. They are (1) the Sunda Islands, com- 

 prising Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Lombok, Floris, Solor, 

 Timor, Sandalwood, and many smaller islands ; (2) Borneo, with 

 the little island of Labuan, a British dependency rich in coal, 

 on the north-western coast ; (3) the Celebes Islands, which in- 

 clude Celebes, Boutan, Xulla, and others ; (4) the Moluccas or 

 Spice Islands, of which the principal are Amboyna, Ceram, 

 Gilolo, Bouro, and Banda ; (5) the Sanguir Islands ; (6) the 

 Sooloo Islands ; and (7) the Philippine Islands, comprising 

 Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Mindoro, Negros, Zebu, Leyta, 

 Samar, and several small islands, estimated to exceed 1,000 in 

 number. 



The estimated area of Borneo and some of the above-named 

 groups of islands has been given in the lesson to which 

 reference has been made above. The European countries that 

 possess dependencies in this part of Oceania are Spain, which 

 owns the Philippine Islands ; Holland or the Netherlands, which 

 possesses Sumatra and Java, with the exception of small tracts 

 still ruled by native princes, the Celebes Islands, and the Spice 

 Islands or Moluccas ; and Great Britain, which has the little 

 island of Labuan. Tins island, which has an area of fifty 

 square miles, and is about the size of Jersey, was ceded to the 

 British by the Sultan of Borneo in 1846. Its chief town is 

 Victoria. The capitals of the Dutch and Spanish dependencies 

 in Malaysia are Batavia in Java, and Manilla in Luzon. The 

 islands of Malaysia, especially Borneo, are rich in minerals, 

 Borneo especially containing plenty of gold, iron, and coal; 

 diamonds are also found in this island. Of the vegetable pro- 

 ductions of the various groups the Moluccas or Spice Islands 

 are noted, as their name implies, for nutmegs, cloves, and spices 

 of all kinds ; the Philippine Isles for fine tobacco 5 the Sunda 



