43 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



HERODOTUS, I. 30. 



av Ka\ol re Kayadol, Kal fffyi eJ5e airacri renva. eKyev6u.eva, Kal 

 Trdvra Trapafj.eivai'ra- rovro Se, rov fiiov eu IJKOJ/TI, us TO. Trap' 

 jjyUi*', 10 re\evr)i rov fiiov \afJLirpordrri eireyevero. Tevofj.fvrjs yap 

 ""AOrivaloiffi /^X 7 ^ "fpbs TOUJ aarvyelrovas Iv 'E\eva7vi, /3oT)07)<ras, 

 xal rpoir^v 7ron)<ras rwv TcoXepitav, airedave Kd\\iara. Kal p.iv 

 'AOqiHuoi STjjUOtrnj u re eOafyav avrov rfjirep eireae, Kal eripriaav 

 fj.eyd\<as." 



NOTES. 



The reader will notice the Ionic forms in this extract, to some of 

 which we will call his attention, ""ilv is for ovv, Oetapinr for Oewpi'jc, 

 fivfHev for evfua, uTrixo/iei/or for u^uno/nevof, ToiVt (also frequent in poetry) 

 for TOIC, /Sao-tXntotcTi for /3acrtXei'oir, i'ovra for 6Vra ; ol, dat of ol, generally 

 a reflexive pronoun, but used by Ionic writers for av-rip ; <reu for aov, 

 noirj for itoirj (so KUJ? for irws), TroXior for woXeur, tt'<5e without a final v 

 before the vowel commencing the following word. To several of the 

 ethers we have already alluded. 



1. \v-rZv rovru>v, for this very purpose, viz., that by his absence the 

 Athenians might not have an opportunity of clamouring for a change 

 in the constitution he had just given them. 



2. 6ewpt'nr, inquiry, investigation. 



3. "A/KKT.K. Amasis was the contemporary King of Egypt. 



4. 2ap3tr was the capital of the Lydian monarchy. 



5. Kara Katpov, etc., that things were prosperous with him. 



6. nXavrir, thy wanderings, travels. 



7. 'EXirifui/ often used with hardly any notion of the future be- 

 lieving. 



8. Tiji eovrt, speaking the actual truth. 



9. Eu tjnovtrnt, being in a prosperous condition. The phrase is found 

 also, followed by a genitive, as below : fliov el fjnovTi, having had enough 

 o/, having come to a good old age. 



10. 'fir ra ?rap' tifjiiv, as ages go, for one of us. 



11. An/uoo-tt;, at the public ea.'pense. As an illustration of this custom 

 compare the burial of the Athenian citizens over whom Pericles spok 

 the funeral oration quoted in our readings from Thucydides. 



The following passage is peculiarly interesting as being an 

 ancient explanation of a phenomenon which has formed thi 

 subject of one of the most celebrated scientific investigation 

 of our own day ; while the criticism offered by Herodotus upon 

 the theory is remarkable and characteristic : 



HERODOTUS, II. 22. 



*H Se rptrr) ro>v oStav, iro\\bi> eirieiKeffrdrri 

 fyevffrat. Aeyei yap STJ" ovb" OUT}) ovSev, (pafj.fi/ri rbv tielKov peei 

 airb rt]KOfHfVT\s x iov S' %s peel uev ("K Ai/Surjs 5ta 

 *K$tooi 8e es Myvirrov. K<Ss 3>i> Srjra peoi &v curb x'oVos, airb rw 

 eepno-rdrui/ [r6ira>v] peuv <?s ra tyvxporepa ; rcav 3 ra Tro\\d ear 

 avSpi ye \oylecr6ai rotovrcav Trepi o'ly re e6vn, us ovSe 6((cbj O.TT 

 X'oVos fi.it> peeiv. Hpurov fitv Ka\ ^eyicrrov fj.aprvpiov ol &vffj.o 

 vape^ovrai, irveovres airb r<av x^pecwv rovrecav Qepfnoi. Aevrepo 

 Se, on &fo/j.Bpos y X^R 1 ! Kal aKpv<rra\\os Siart\eei eovcra- firl 

 Xiovi Treffovo-ri, iraffa avdyKri earl vaai eV irevre T]fj.epr/ffi- ware 

 ^Xf^tC 6 ! tiero &i/ ravra ra x<P'- Tpira 4 Se, 01 avQputiroi uirb TO 

 Kavparos fj.e\aves edvres. 'Ixrlvoi 8e Kal x f ^^^ f ^ 81' Ureas tovre 

 OVK aTro\eiirovffi- yepavoi Se tpevyovaai rbv 

 %KV0iKfj X^py yivopevov. $>oirtuo~i es x fl f JLaff ' lr l v * s rovs roirov 

 rovrovs' el roivvv exiovi^e Kal baovuv ravrrff r-rjv x^P~n v i ^'' ^ s 

 f>eei Kal eK rrjs apxerai frecav o Ne?Aos, i]i> &y rovrcav ouSe^, 5 ws 

 avayKt) e\eyxei. 



NOTES. 



Ionic Forms. Uo\\ov for iroXi/, eK&t&oi for eK<5i3ucr<. The Ionic dialec 

 frequently forms the second and third person of the present of verb 



/u as if from contracted verbs in <>, ow. *otTtoxrt for 0o:T<s<rt, oaovtav 

 crTarn, etc., which is (he most reasonable, but at the same 



1. IloXXov t:jrtCtK(TT 



me the most untrue. 



2. Aeyet 7p &rj, for in fact this explanation, like tltc others, amounts to 

 othing. 



3. TSu, about which (article used for relative pronoun) there are many 

 guments for a man to consider, who is able to argue about such things, 



roving, etc. Oi'or re elvai, to be able. 



4. Tpt'ra. All these arguments are to prove that no snow falls in the 

 ountry at the source of the Nile. They are the ru no\\<i alluded to 

 bove. The reader will notice the singular belief about the origin of 

 ie negro race to which the last argument points. 



5. ''Hi/ av rovriav ou&tv, none of these things would be as they are. 



The following passage is a description of the decisive charge 

 n the battle of Marathon, 490 B.C., one of the " decisive battles 

 >f the world," in which the Athenians, aided only by the 

 ^latasans, repulsed the first Persian invasion of Greece : 



HERODOTUS, VI. 112. 



'fls Se 1 a<pi SiereraKro, Kal ra afyayia* eyivero Ka\a, ivQavra 

 &s aTrelOriirav ol 'AOrivatoi, Sp6fj.(f 'levro 3 es rovs fiapffdpovs. 'Haa.v 

 Se ardSiot OVK tKaaaoves rb /j.eraix^ov avrwy f\ oKrdt, ol Se riepaai, 

 dpeuvres Spo/j-y, eiriovras, irapeo-Kevdoi>To us Se^dpevoi- (i.a.vir}i> re 

 roTffi AOrjvaioiffi eirefyepov* Kal irdyxu 3 6\e6p'irji', dpetavres avrovs 



a.i(as \6yov. 7 Upcaroi (J.ev yap 'E\\T}ixai> irdvriav, r<av 

 iju.e'is ISfnev, Sp6f*cf> es iro\ep.iovs exp^o-vro, trpwroi Se s aveaxovro 

 )t(cV bpeuvres, Kal rovs HvSpas ravrriv eadri/j.evovs- 

 reois Se 9 %v ro7ai"E\\rio'i Kal rb ovvop-a. rb Vl-fiSiay <p6&os aKOvaai. 



NOTES. 

 Ionic Forms. 'J-.vOa.vra for i-vravOa, uirei9n<rav for utpei9n<rav, 3rd plur. 



1 aor. pass, from a^t'n/it (were let go) ; 'i&nev for iV/uv, 1 plur. from t'3a. 



1. 'fit Ae, etc., when they had been put at their several posts (when it had 

 been allotted to them). Ata in composition usually has a sense of 

 division. 



2. 2^x1710. It was the invariable custom both of the Greeks and 

 Komans to consult the will of the gods as to the favourable time for 

 commencing battle, by an inspection of the sacrifices. 



3. Apo/jitf 'ievro, went at a run. 



4. Mavinv Te eiri<t>epov, they attributed madness to, they thought it 

 nothing short of madness. 



5. Kat 7r7X" etc., and that utterly fatal. 



6. "lirirov, fern., cavalry; masc., ahorse. 



7. 'AftW XOYOU, lit. worthily of mention, bravely. 



8. npuTot 6e, and they were the first who dared to face the Median dress. 

 This was for years after one of the boasts of the Athenians. Thus in 

 Thucydides i. 73 we find their spokesman saying to the Lacedaemonians 



and their allies : <J>a/ii/ 7<lp Mapaftei/t re /ioi/ot irpoKtv&vvev&ai rw /3ap/3ap<fi, 

 we boast that at Marathon we were the first to meet the foreigner, and that 

 unaided. 



9. Tew? 3e, and up to that time the very name of the Medes had been to tha 

 Greeks a sound of terror, lit. a fearful thing to hear. This is called the 

 epea:egetical or explanatory inftmitive. 



PAEAPHEASE OF EXTEACT II. IN LAST BEADING. 

 In fine, I affirm that our city, considered as a whole, is the school- 

 mistress of Greece ; while, viewed individually, we enable the same 

 man to furnish himself out, and suffice to himself in the greatest 

 variety of ways, and with the most complete grace and refinement. 

 This is no empty boast of the moment, but genuine reality, and the 

 power of the city, acquired through the disposition just indicated, 

 exists to prove it. Athens alone of all cities stands forth in actual 

 trial greater than her reputation : her enemy, when he attacks her, 

 will not have his pride wounded by suffering defeat from feeble hands ; 

 her subjects will not think themselves degraded, as if their obedience 

 were paid to an unworthy superior. Having thus put forward our 

 power, not uncertified, but backed by the most evident proofs, we 

 shall be admired not less by posterity than by our contemporaries. 

 Nor do we stand in need of Homer, or of any other panegyrist, whose 

 words may for the moment please, while the truth when known would 

 confute their intended meaning. We have compelled all land and sea 

 to become accessible to our courage, and have planted everywhere 

 imperishable monuments of our kindness as well as our hostility. 

 Such is the city on behalf of which these warriors have nobly died in 

 battle, vindicating her just title to unimpaired rights, and on behalf of 

 which all of us left here behind must willingly toil. From Crete's 

 " History of Greece," vi., pp. 196198. 



