UICAL i /INK. 



97 



BaM 



Nom. @cf>onerer, 

 Gen. Crt;i>nere (en), 

 Sd.'i'ncrem, 

 icfoi'iiercn, 



raZ. 



rO ALL 



feature, fairor. 

 f^K-ncrer, of fairor. 

 f^cnertn, to fairor. 

 e, fairer. 



EXAMfl. 



(a.) OLO fOBJt. 

 'ingular. 



rut. KKUT. 

 e, (. 



-er, -c (en), 

 -er, -em. 

 -e, *t. 



(b.) NEW rouic. 



MASC. rxM. MKUT. roa ALL UKMDEUS. 



Nom. >er f^i-nere, (it:) -e, (t,i<) -e. tie f^imertn, tho fairer. 

 Gen. 3)e< frfjoiteren, (ter) -en, (te3) -en. ter f>tH<neren, of tho fairor. 

 Dat. Tern fttonercn, (tcr) -en, (tent) -en. ten fctjoneren, to tho fairor. 

 Den frt;i>nccen, (tic) -e, (ca?) -e. tie ftyener en, tho fairor. 



(c.) MIXED FOBK. 

 MASC. BIMO. FCM. HlXli. KEtTT. BIMO. 



Nom. Unfer fdjoncrcr, (uitfere) -e, (unfer) -e, our fairor. 



llnfcre* fctyoncren, (unfcrcr) -en, (unferei) -e n, of our fairer. 



Dat. Unferem fetyi'iieren, (unfcrcr) -en, (unferem) -e n, to our fairor. 



Ace. llnferen fd;oneren, (unfcre) -e, (unfer) -e*, our fairer. 



PLURAL FOIl ALL UKNDEBS. 



Nom. llnfere fdKMicrcn, our fairer. 

 Gon. llnferer fd;i-ner en, of our fairor. 

 Dat. llnferen fd^umcrcn, to our fairer. 

 Ace. llnfere (tyoneren, our fairor. 



Sometimes tho e in tho endings of pronouns and compara- 

 tives is omitted, or transposed; thus, instead of unfer tt fd;oneren, 

 we may say unfer 8 fd;i>ncrn, or unfrc* fdjoncrn. 



(-.) In tho superlative of the old form, tho vocative case only 

 i ; a case which has not boon set down in the paradigms 

 or examples, because it is always liko the nominative in form. 



EXAMPLES. 



MASC. 



(a.) OLD FORM. 



FEU. 



Voo. Sicbfter '-Bater! O Ifjcucrflc Sfyrccfter! O @cbunftc Stint'. O 

 dearest father ! dearest sister ! most beautiful 



child. 

 Plural. 



Voc. Sictfle SSiicr: O Iljeuerflc d)n>cftcrn: O @d>Dnfte Winter! O 

 dearest fathers! doaroat sisters ! most beautiful 



children ! 

 (I.) NEW FORM. 

 Singular. Plural. 



MASC. FKM. NECT. VOS. ALL GKNDE3S. 



Nom. <cr fd^nftc, (tic) -e, (t.U) -e. tie ftyonfl en, the fairest. 



Gen. JDci fc^nftcn, (tcr) -en, (rc3) -en tec fd;on|t en, of the fairest. 



Dat. 3)cm f^onftcn, (tcr) -en, (tcm)-ei:. ten fd;imften,tothe fairest. 



Ace. Sen fcblmften, (tic) -e, (ta) -e. tie fd;onft en, tho fairest. 



(C.) MIXED FORM. 

 MASC. SINO. FEM. SIHO. NEUT. SING. 



Nom. Unfer fd;cnfter, (unfcre) -e, (unfer) -e, our fairest. 



Gen. llnfcrea fctjonflcn, (unfcrcr) -en, (unfcreft) -e n, of our fairest. 



Dat. Uufcrcm fc^onftcn (wifcrer) -en, (unferem) -en, to our fairest. 



Ace. llnferen fc^enftcn, (unfcre) -e, (unfer) -e, our fairest. 



PLURAL FOB ALL GENDERS. 



Nom. Unfcre fctyonften, our fairest. 



Gen. llnferer ftyonften, of our fairest. 



Dat. llnferen fii;onfien, to our fairest. 



Ace. llnfere fd)imft e n, our fairest. 



38. OBSERVATIONS. 



(1.) In place of tho regular form of the superlative, preceded 

 by tho article and agreeing with tho noun in gender, number, 

 and case, wo often find a cir^amlocution employed ; which con- 

 : i tho dative case singular of the new form preceded by 

 the particle am: thus, tie Sage ftnfc tm 2Dintcr am furjeflen, the 

 days are shortest in tho winter. Tho explanation is easy : am, 

 compounded of an (at) and tern, tho dative of tcr (the), signifies 

 at the. Translated literally, therefore, tho sentence above will 

 be : The days in winter are at tiie shortest ; that is, at the 

 shortest (limit) : where, in the German, fitrjeften agrees with 

 some noun in tho dativo understood, which is governed by an. 

 But the phraso is used and treated just as any regular superla- 

 tive form would bo under tho same circumstances. In liko 

 manner, auf (upon) and ju (to) combined respectively with the 



article (auf ftal Mid }u kern), and producing th form* art and 

 jum, we employed with adjective* ia the operlatire : thtu, awl 

 ftonfte ein 3 en^t, arranged upon the finert (plan) ; pirn f^tr.fien, 

 to, or according to the flnont (manner). Those latter forma, 

 however, are ohioflr employed to denote eminence, rather than 

 to exprau companum. Vnelj rendered, therefore, auf* ftytafe 

 and )um f^imftcn will bo: very finely, moit beautifully, or the like. 

 <-.) Sometimes oiler (of all) in found prefixed to uperlatire 

 to give intensity of meaning ; aa : Dcr allcrbefie, the bert of rJI, 

 i.e., tho very best ; tie allerf^cnfie, tho handsomect of all, < 



! i-;l h:i:;.l- :.:.-!. 



(3.) When more eminence, and not comparison, in to bo ex- 

 pressed, tho words auptrft (extremely) and tyo$fi (highett) are em- 

 ployed ; aa : icl ift cine aujerfl f<^pnt iBlume, LhU U a very 

 beautiful flower. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



EXEECISE 150 (Vol. III., page 138). 



1. My little brother bus a cold ; he caught a violent cold on the 

 ico. :.'. Ho who is overheated aud cool* bimcelf too quickly may toon 

 catch cold. 3. We ought not to trouble ourselves about things which 

 do uot concern us. 4. As far as this affair concerns me, I have tuket 

 the necessary steps. 5. This does not concern you. 6. At thisl 

 intelligence he stood as if struck with the palsy. 7. The palsy has 

 struck the old man. 8. The man has been struck with the palsy. 

 9. She sank down as if struck with tho palsy. 10. These goods sell 

 well 11. When does tho next steamer leave ? 12. I do not see that 

 this mau stiiits himself in anything. 13. Has the session passed off 

 quietly ? 14. No, it has not passed off quietly ; the debate was very 

 stormy. 15. This book had a great sale. 1C. The young merchant 

 told me that the sale had considerably increased. 17. Just as the 

 fancy takes me, I shall start from here. 18. According as he is dis- 

 posed, he can be the most pleasant, but also tho most quarrelsome 

 man. 19. According as he manages, will be his success. 20. As fair 

 as I can be useful to you, I will do it with all my heart. 21. He will 

 assist me with his advice, as far as it is possible to him. I 

 father promised me to advance the matter, as far as it lay in his 

 power. 23. Such a thing never occurred to my mind. 24. Tht 

 concert commences at half-past six o'clock. 25. My friend had 

 a bright idea. 26. With the merry German, one idea is more 

 humorous than the other. 27. To the question what an idea was, 

 some one answered, " When a house falls in." 



EXERCISE 151 (Vol. III., page 138). 



1. iWeinf @d;n)efter fyat ten <3c$nupfcn ; fte $at ftc^ an einem raffen 

 Slbente crfAltet. 2. 3ene Sac^e getyt tn$ nifyt an, unt tep^alb nxrte 

 ic$ micty nicfyt fcarum fcefftrnmern. 3. 3ft ter jua. fd)cn ahjegangen "* 4. 

 Stein, et ift n$ nid;t abje^an^cn. 5. 3ft tcr 3ug nad; Crferfc abgegjn. 

 gen '* 6. Qt finb fdjon jiwi 3uge nacfj Orfurt tiefen QHcrcjen abgegangen. 

 7. 3ft tie 3>e6atte rufytg a&gegangen "*. 8. Stein, e mar einc fcb,r fturnutye. 

 9. (Jnglifc^c 2Baare gefyt in ietcm Sante gut ab 10. Diefe rammarif 

 geb,t gut ab. 11. Sftac^ euren Acnntnijfcn tuertet ifyr belcbnt Jrerten. 12. 

 cittern er torn "Scbjage geruljrt toorten ift, ift er nicht int tante geroeftn 

 fein efdjaft }u et|e^en. 13. Qfr tvurte wm Silage geru^rt u.'ib.rent 

 unfcre Sefuc^e* in 3^rcm aufe. 14. 3n fo fcni e mid; ange^t, rcerte 



jcte ^orrtd;t gebraud;en. 15. Sroj ityrer 5lrmutb laffen ftd; ticfe fieute 

 nicijti abge^en. 16. !Dcn QHenfctyen ift nict>t bcffcr, al eine gute (Stjicbung. 

 17 3d; wcip nic^t, cb er meine ;8itte gcma^rcn irt. 



GEO^IETRICAL PERSPECTIVE. XX. 



SHADOWS OF CURVILINEAR OBJECTS. 



PROBLEM LVI. (Fig. 94). A glolia casts its shadow upon the 

 ground ; the sun's rays parallel with the ficture at an angle oj 

 45 with the horizon. 



This problem may be done upon the principle of drawing 

 a circle in perspective ; thus tho shadow produced would 

 bo of an elliptical form. From c, with c a as a radius, 

 draw the semicircle a d b ; the chord a 6 to be equal to 

 the diameter of the globe. From PS arrange the distance 

 points DE 1 and DE. Refer to Problem XII., Fig. 31, Vo). IIL, 

 page 9, for the method of drawing the remaining lines, pre- 

 paratory to drawing a circle in perspective. For the inclination 

 of tho sun's rays, draw A B according to the given angle anywhere, 

 either on tho HL or tho base of tho picture. The perpen- 

 dicularly projected plan of the globe would bo a circle, and aa 

 the lino t k is the perspective diameter of the circle, and h tho 

 centre, make h o equal to h i ; and from o, the centre of the globe, 

 with the radius o h, draw the circle s h n. Tangential to the 

 circle a hn at s and n, aud parallel to A B, draw the rays r,r, also 



