HEADINGS IN GREEK. 



H 



NOMINAL (NOUK8 AND ADJECTIVES) STEM*. 



TWce, a* an example, tergi-veror, literally 7 turn nvy 6ofe 

 . i-siifiim), whi.-h consist* of targum, the back, and 

 Vernnr, frmii vi-rtn. / turn. 



Tin* i-i.itiliiiiation, aa with the former one, IB made chiefly by 

 means of faoere, in the form of floare, aa may be seen in in. 

 following verbs which are formed of Scare with various nominal 

 prefixed : 



iioaro (from axles, a chapel, a house), to build (E. R. edify). 

 ticaro (nidus, a neit), to build a ne$t. 

 i ncare (signum, a *ign)> ' make a rign (E. E. signify). 

 Ampli-tioare (amplus, brood), to enlarge (E. R. amplify). 

 noare (gratas, pleatant), to pleate (E. R. gratify). 

 Compound verbs are made also by adverbial and prepositional 

 items as well as by verbal and nominal stems aa shown above. 



ADVERBIAL AND PREPOSITIONAL STEMS. 

 Satis-facero (from satis, enough), to satisfy (E. R.) 

 Bene-dioero (from bene, well), to speak well of. 

 Ma-vollo (from magis, rather), to prefer. 

 Ail-*tare (from ad, to, near), to stand near. 

 Pro-ferre (from pro, before), to bring forward. 

 De-cedore (from de, down), to depart. 

 Prae-vidore (from pr, before), to foresee. 



Some elements in compound verbs which were originally pre- 

 iis no longer exist aa such, but in their natural form are 

 found only in combination, and may therefore take the indefi- 

 nite name of particles. 



PARTICLE STEMS. 



AMB, from the Greek amphi, around (arabo in Latin), on both 

 sides, is found in ambigo (ago), I drive hither and 

 thither, I doubt ; amburo (uro), / set on fire all round ; 

 anquiro (ambquiro quaere), I investigate. 



DlS, Dl, DIF, denoting division and negation, as discedo, I part 

 from ; dimitto, I send away ; dissipo (sipo, or rather 

 aupo, I cast), I scatter; diruo (ruo, I fall), I pull down, 

 destroy ; diffido (fido, I trust), I distrust. 



NE, not, as nescire, to be ignorant ; nequire, to be unable. 



RE, back, again, away, as revertor, I return ; redeo, I go back ; 

 revello, I tear away ; reseco, I cut off; resisto, / stand 

 against, resist. 



SB (sine, without), denoting separation, appears in secedo, I 

 withdraw (E. R. secede, secession) ; sepono, I lay aside; 

 sejungo, I separate. 



Sxis, su (sub, under), denoting from under, that is, upwards, 

 as in snspendo, I hang up ; su-spicio, I look up. 



COM, CON. coo, CO (cum, with), signifying together, union, is 

 of common occurrence, and may be seen in compono, 

 I put together (E. R. compose, composition) ; congrcdior 

 gradior, gressus), I come together (E. R. congress) ; coeo, 

 I go together. In some instances this particle seems 

 to do little else than strengthen the verb with which 

 it is joined : for example, concede, I yield ; congratu- 

 lor, I wish joy ; cohortor, I encourage. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN. XLV 

 EXEECISE 175. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Those things are opposites of which the one affirms (what) the 

 other deuies. 2. Cato declared that he wondered that the sooth- 

 sayers did not laugh when they looked at each other. 3. A sow, as 

 they say, teaches Minerva. 4. Thou affirmest, I deny. 5. Epicurus 

 denies that any one who does not lire honourably can live happily, as 

 if I cared as to what ho affirms or denies. 6. This I seek to know, 

 namely, what it is statable for him to say who thinks the highest good 

 (of life) to be in pleasure. 7. Whether you affirm or deny this, I shall 

 maintain my (mam) opinion. 8. Things that deny are the opposites 

 of those which affirm. 0. Will you deny that there is any other thing 

 that can be known ? 10. Dost thou say yes ? I say yes ; dost thou 

 deny ? I deny. 11. But thou, thou sayest, wilt never be troublesome 

 to me. 12. Is not my friend, you will say, a handsome man ? 

 EXERCISE 176. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Quod tu ais id ego nego. 2. Quum aio, ait, quutn nego, negat. 

 3. Beliquisti, aiunt, nrbem. 4. Utrum aias an neges ignoro. 5. 

 Aientia negantibus Bunt coutraria. 6. Pater tuus, aiuut, Romam 

 redibit. 7. Dulce et decorum est, inquit Horatius, pro patria mori. 

 8. Nunquam molestus, inqui*, mihi est amious. 9. Bencflciorum 

 collatorum obliviscaris. beneflcionun acceptorum memiueris. 10. Tui 

 abseiitis meminero. 11. Si beneficiorum a parentibus in nos colla- 

 torum meminerimus, innquam erga eos erimus ingrati. 



READINGS IN GREEK -VIII. 



ABI8TOPHANE8. 



Or the many writer* of Greek comedy, Arutophane* U the 

 only one of whom we po**OM any complete plays. He wu 

 born about the year 444 B.C., and very little U known of hi* 

 history. He is introduced by Plato aa one of the character* in 

 the Symposium, in which he appear* on intimate term* with 

 Aloibiade*. Socrate*. and the principal literary men of the day. 

 He appeared very early in life M a comic writer, hi* fimt play 

 being produced in 427 B.C., but of this only fragment* remain. 

 He wrote in all fifty-four comedies, of which only eleven have 

 come down to us in anything like a perfect form. All of them 

 are directed against some vice or folly, or some prominent 

 political character of the day. The demagogue Kleon wa* one 

 of the chief object* of his ridicule, and variom people are men- 

 tionod who are now almost or altogether forgotten. Aris- 

 tophanes ia allowed to stand far above all the contemporary 

 writers of comedy both in exuberance of fancy and beauty of 

 language ; hi* choruses, especially, are full of exquisite poetry. 

 Equally remarkable is his wonderful ingenuity in the mechanism 

 of his verses and the invention of strange comic word*. Frog* 

 croak in chorus, birds twitter and pigs grunt in iambics, while 

 one of his compound words runs to the amazing length of 170 

 letters. 



In the play of the Frogs, from which our first extract i* 

 taken, Dionysus, attended by Xanthias as his servant, make* a 

 journey to Hades to bring back to the world Euripides, who ha* 

 died, and has left no poet behind him worthy to fill his place. 

 In the course of their journey they arrive at the Acheruaian 

 lake, where Charon is waiting to ferry them over. Aa they are 

 crossing, the frogs who inhabit the lake taunt the intruder : 



ARISTOPHANES. " RAN.S," 169 209. 

 HA. rovrl rl Jf<rri ; AI. IOVTO ; \ifj.vt) v^i Ai'a 



aurrj 'ffrlv \]v t<ppafc, Kal ir\o?6v y' 6pu. 170 



HA. VTJ rbv n<xrci5, K&ffn y' b Xdpvv oinotri. 

 Al. X a *p' ^ Xapcop, x a "P' ^ Xapaij', x"P' ^ Xapwf. 

 XA. TI'S (Is avairav\a.s IK KO.KWV Kal irpay^drciiv ; 



rts fh TO M\Qi\s irtSiW, fi 's'Ovov Tloxat, 



4) 's Ktpfifpiovs, i) 'j KOpaxas, ^ 'irl Talvapov ; 

 AI. ly<i>. XA. raxtwf <fJ.&aivf. AI. irov (f^ ativ '<"* 



4s K^paKat UVTWS ; XA. val /xek Ai'a, ffov y' f'lvtKO, 



tff&aive 8^. AI. iro?, Stvpo. XA. Sov\ov OUK &y<*, 



(I ft,)) i>fva.v[j.a.xiiK( r^]i> irtpl TWV KpfOav. 



HA. /ici rbv At', ou yap iXA' (rw)(ov o^daA/itwc. 180 



XA. otjxovv ir(pi8pt(i STjra r}]v \lfjLVi\v KVK\(? ; 

 EA. irov STJT' ij/o/xtfi ; XA. irapa rbi> Auaivou KlOov, 



M rais a.vairav\a.is. AI. fjiavQavas ; HA. -navv fj.ai>6(Lw. 



offj.01 KaKoSalfjuav, vtf ^vv(TV)^ov ^iwv ; 

 XA. KaOtf M Ktairi\v. ft ns in irAt?, fftrfvSfTu. 



ovros, ri irojeTj ; AI. o n iroiw ; ri 8' &AAo y' 1) 



T^to 'irl Kwirriv, ovittp lnf\tu(s (j.t ff{i ; 

 XA. OVKOVV KaOffif'i STJT' ^vflafil, yaffrpwv ; AI. 1801;. 

 XA. O&KOVV irpo/SaXf? rw x f ^P e xaicffVflt ; AI. 8ou. 

 XA. ou /r)) <f>XuopV?o'y ?X Cl "'> i^A,' arrtpas 190 



t\a.s irpoflu/xais,- AI. Kara TTWS Suiniffouai, 



f, fir' l\avvfiv ; XA. paffr'- iucovffti yap fj.(\T] 



3aAr)s fiira|. AL rivuv ; 

 XA. Parpdx<af, KVKVUV, Oou/xacrTa. AI. KaraK.t\(ut 8^ 

 XA. ubir brr wbir tfir. 



BA. PpKfKtKt *coa{ Koa{, 



t (cooj >coa{. 

 vuv Tficva, 



Atby 



200 



iv 



To7j itpeiai 



X^pe? Kar' ^/xbi/ rtptvos \aSiv 

 &p(KfKtKt Koa( icoa. 



NOTES. 



169. Tovri. The final i is frequently used in comic poetry, and oo 

 casionally in prose, to denote a marked demonstrative accompanied 

 with a gesture. 



