124, 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



THE UNIVERSITIES. XII. 



ST. ANDREWS. 



THE Universities of Scotland, as intimated in a previous paper, 

 are divided into two groups for the purposes of Parliamentary 

 representation. St. Andrews is conjoined with Edinburgh, and 

 we therefore proceed to notice it next in order. 



The University of St. Andrews is the oldest in Scotland, its 

 foundation dating from 1411. It prospered so well that, in 

 little more than a century, it included the three distinct colleges 

 and corporations of St. Salvator's, St. Leonard's, and St. 

 Mary's. Shortly after the Eeformation, the colleges of St. 

 Salvator and St. Leonard were restricted to the teaching of 

 philosophy, and the college of St. Mary to the teaching of 

 theology. The two first-named colleges were united in 1747, 

 and the University proper now consists of the united college of 

 St. Salvator and St. Leonard, with its principal and ten pro- 

 fessors?, and St. Mary's College, with its principal and three 

 professors. As a corporation, the University of St. Andrews 

 is in the same position as the> other Scottish, Universities. 



CLASSES AND FEES. 



In the Faculties of Arts and Medicine, assigned to the united 

 college of St. Salvator and St. Leonard, the classes are as fol- 

 lows: Arts: Humanity or Latin (3), Greek (3), Mathematics 

 (3), English Literature, Logic, Moral Philosophy and Political 

 Economy, Education, and Natural Philosophy. Medicine : 

 Chemistry, Physiology, Natural History, and Zoology. 



In the classes of English Literature and Education, the fee 

 is one guinea each, and in most of the other classes named 

 above, three guineas each. 



In St. Mary's College, restricted to theological teaching, the 

 classes are : Systematic Theology, Divinity and Biblical Criti- 

 cism, Divinity and Church History, Hebrew and Oriental Lan- 

 guages. The fee for each class is two guineas. 



Students who wish to begin their academical course in the 

 united college with the classes of the second year, passing over 

 the first or junior classes, require to undergo an entrance 

 examination. 



GRADUATION IN ARTS, MEDICINE, AND THEOLOGY. 



In this University the ordinary course of study necessary 

 for the degree of Master of Arts extends over four winter 

 sessions, but those students who are able, by an entrance 

 examination, to satisfy the professors that they are qualified 

 to attend the higher classes of Latin, Greek, or Mathematics, 

 may complete their course of study for the degree within three 

 sessions instead of four. A regulation similar to that which 

 exists in Edinburgh makes it optional on the part of students 

 to undergo these examinations on certain branches before they 

 have completed their attendance on the other classes of the 

 prescribed course. The following were the subjects of exami- 

 nation for the degree of M.A. in a recent year : 



1. Latin. Virgil, " .iEneid " ix. Livy, Book v. Cicero, 

 The Verrine Orations " De Signis." Passage from author not 



prescribed. History, Geography, and Antiquities. Grammati- 

 cal Questions. Latin Prose Composition. 



2. Greek. Homer's "Iliad," Book ix. ; Herodotus, Book v.; 

 Sophocles, " Ajax ;" Questions on Greek History and Grammar, 

 including Syntax (Goodwin recommended) ; a short and simple 

 unseen Greek passage for translation, and a simple exercise in 

 Greek Prose Composition. 



3. Mathematics. (a) Geometry Euclid, Books i. to vi., xi., 

 Props. 1-21 ; the principal properties of the Parabola, the 

 Ellipse, and the Hyperbola. (6) Elements of Trigonometry. 

 (c) Algebra up to and including Quadratic Equations, Progres- 

 sions, Logarithms, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial 

 Theorem, (d) Analytical Geometry up to and including the 

 circle. There will be two papers, one on (a) and (6), the other 

 on (c) and (d), and candidates will require to satisfy the ex- 

 aminers in each of the four subjects (a), (b), (c), and (d). 



4. Natural Philosophy. Elementary Mechanics, Heat, Light, 

 Electricity, and Sound. The examination will be divided into 

 two parts, on each of which a separate paper will be set : the 

 first relating to Statics, Dynamics, and Hydrostatics ; the second 

 to Experimental Philosophy. Candidates will be required to 

 satisfy the examiners in each of the two papers. Books recom- 

 mended Ganot's "Physics;" Deschanel's "Natural Philo- 

 sophy;" Thomson and Tait's "Elements of Natural Philo- 

 sophy;" Blaikie's " Elements of Dynamics." 



5. Logic and Metaphysics. The Professor's Lectures. Jevons's 

 "Logic." Reid's " Essays on Intellectual Powers," I., II., and 

 III. Descartes' " Discourse on Method," and "Meditations." 



6. Moral Philosophy. The Professor's Lectures. Schweg- 

 ler's " History of Philosophy " (Sections xxi. to xlv.). The 

 Nicomachean " Ethics," Books i. to iv. The " Theaetetus," and 

 the "Apology of Plato." Smith's "Moral Sentiments." 



7. English Literature. The Professor's Lectures. Spalding's 

 " History of English Literature," Parts I. and III. ; and an ex- 

 amination on Bacon's " Advancement of Learning " (Clarendon 

 Press edition), and Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar." 



The following subjects selected for one year will serve 

 to indicate the general character of the examinations for 

 honours : 



CLASSICAL LITERATURE. Latin. Cicero, " Tusculanse Dis- 

 putationes." Tacitus, " Histories,'' Books i., ii. Lucretius, 

 Books v., vi. Virgil, " Eclogues." Juvenal, " Satires," iv. and 

 xiv. Passages from Latin authors not prescribed. Latin Com- 

 position. Questions on History, Philology, and Antiquities. 



Greek. Eight books of " Iliad " or " Odyssey." Two plays 

 of Sophocles, and one of ^Eschylus. Pindar, the " Pythian " or 

 " Olympian Odes ;" or two plays of Aristophanes. Two books 

 of Thucydides. Demosthenes, " De Corona," or an equal 

 amount of Plato or Aristotle. Passages from Greek authors 

 not prescribed. Greek Prose. Questions on Philology, History, 

 and Literature. 



MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. Logic and Metaphysics. In addi- 

 tion to the subjects for the ordinary degree, Thomson's " Out- 

 lines of the Laws of Thought." Mill's "Logic," Books iii. 



