LESSONS IN SPAN! 



or thots who, lot quo (maso.), las quo (fern.). There in also the 



In Spanish a proposition in always placed before the relative 



pronoun wlm-li it tfovuriM ; as 



La ciudad en quo 70 inoro, T/m city in which I diced. 



a pronoun i-.m nrvvr be suppressed in Spanish M 



man I saw " muut be expressed 

 " the man whom I saw.' ' 



VBULAHY. 



MODEL SENTENCES. 



Los piutorea a <|uione vtnil. viii, 



y do loa Cliulcs .l.;u: hi:.:., 

 on limy rim*, the / 



H you *uio, and of whom 

 ."ofcj, are rci 



4 bucuo, s/io 

 fcnoir.i what U good. 

 La que tiene dinoro, tieue cuidado, 

 sho icho has money, has care. 



El houibre ruyo horinuno es ge- 

 neral del ejoroito, hallo un 

 tesoro en la ciudad, the man 

 u-hone brother is general of (ho 

 I a treasure in f/i. 

 city. 



Mis hormunos son quicnea loe viu, 

 my brothers are (they) who saw 

 Sum, 



EXERCISE 13. SPANISH-ENGLISH. 



1. El hombre a quieu el Aletnan diu los sombreros, es muy rico <$' 



i,'uoraut<). 2. Eljuuz dio los libros a uu pintor* ingles, 1 en quiou el 



tiune mucba coutiauza. 3. Las mugeres paru quienes Pedro 



I'scrihio las cartos, son muy liermosas y ricas. 4. Las cuchnras quo 



1 Frances hallo, sou mias. 5. Las calles 



uuyas casas sou hermosas, son agrodables. 6. Las casos cuyos cuartos 

 Ron espaciosos, son muy agrodables. 7. El houibro que tieue pruddu- 

 cia, es muy uubio. 8. El b ombre que tiene diuero, tieue cuidado. 9. 

 Lo que es imposible para los houibres, es posible para Dios. 10. Lo 

 que es nuevo, no es viejo. 11. Pedro auia lo que es bueno. 12. Ella 

 sabe que hocer. 13. El hombre no sabc que hacer. 14. Pedro sabe lo 

 que es bueno. 15. El pintor no sabe que libra leer. 10. La que es 

 soberbia, no es ainable. 17. Los que auiau la verdad, son sabios. 18. 

 La que no es agradable, es desgraciada. 19. La inuger a quien Maria 

 '.lablo, es muy aiuable. 20. El que tieue oro, tiene mucho cuidado. 

 21. El Alt-man dio dos libros al hombre a quieu Juau vio. 



EXERCISE 14. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. The physician ia (he) who wrote the letter which you (vmd.) saw. 

 2. The Spanish women are (they) who gave the books to Peter. 3. 

 The women to whom the judge wrote the letters are very poor and 

 ignorant. 4. The French woinau whom Peter loves is very beautiful. 

 5. The German woman whom you (vmd.) saw wrote me many letters. 

 0. The horse which Johu saw, and of which (del cua!) Peter spoke, is 

 strong. 7. The man whose name is Johu came to my house. 8. The 

 woman whose name is Mary gave me three books. 9. John gave 

 three silver spoons to a woman whose name is Mary, 10. The painter 

 and the printer came to Madrid, in which city the painter found a 

 treasure. 11. The woman who is proud and ignorant is unhappy. 12. 

 The men who have money have cares. 13. That which is possible for 

 Peter is possible for John. 14. The Frenchman has the treasure that 

 the physician found in the street of the city. 15. Mary knows what 

 is good. 16. The painter knows not what to do. 17. The physician's 

 sister knows not what to buy. 18. My brothers know not which 

 books to buy. 19. The Germans know not which hat to take. 20. She 

 knows not what spoon to take. 21. He who has wisdom has prudence. 

 32. He who has prudence is wise. 23. My father has a treasure which 

 his male-servant found in the city. 24. They who gave us the hooks 

 are our 2 friends. 1 25. The city in which Peter found the books is large 

 end beautiful. 26. The painter went to Madrid, in which city the 

 streets are pleasant and the houses handsome. 



INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. 



The interrogative pronouns are the same as the relative, 

 except that cual is used without being preceded by the article. 

 They are not used in precisely the same manner ; for in inter- 

 rogations, quien always means who; cual, which; quo, what; 

 cuyo, wlwse; as 



<j Quidn tiene hambre ? t TPho is hungry f 



I 'iuiene's tienen sed ? Who are thirsty f 



t Cual de los hijos esta alii ? W hich of (Jio tons is there f 



* V'.'H and i]ut : , when interrogative, generally have the accent 

 marked, 

 t Literally, this is, " Who has hunger ? " 



IT*t astf to doctor f 



i Qurf aombrero tieo* vmd. ? 



i Cayos libros son oatos ? Who*, book* r* CUM 



^ Da quWn son eaios libros P Ifhow (oro/ whom )se fbMOoab * 



Whan the interrogative pronoun is governed by a preposi- 

 tion, the answer to the qoestion most always be preceded by 

 the same preposition; as 



i Do quWn aon aquelloa nUios ? Whose are tfcoo* children T JoW*. 



Do Juan. 



i Fora quito lo hiio ? Para k For whom did-he-do H> 



inuger. woman. 



When what is nsed in ejacnatory interrogations, as, " What 

 a fine day!" Cho indefinite article i* omitted in Spanish; M 



I Quo* bermosa *** ! What a fine morning ! 



j Quo" deajrrmda ! Whit a disgrace ! 



In Spanish all that is necessary to form an interrogative 

 sentence, is to place the interrogation mark before (inverted) 

 and after the sentence. Thus, Juan tiene dinero means, John 

 has money; and 4 Juan tiene dinero? means, Hat John money f 

 It is, however, common (though not necessary) in Spanish, to 

 place the nominative after the verb in interrogations; as- 

 i Tione Pedro dinero ? ^ tienen los pintorea libros ? Has Peter 

 money? have the painters books? 



The auxiliary verb do is unknown in Spanish (as alno in all 

 the languages of Europe except the English), and all vuch 

 expressions an Does John speak 'f do they love ( how wtu/i dn 

 you ask a week ? Peter did speak, must be rendered in Spaniah 

 by the simple form of the verb ; as ;, Habla Juan ? ,; aman 

 olios ? >, cnanto pide vd. por semana ? Pedro hablo ; that in, 

 speaks John? love they? how much ask you per week? Peter 

 spoke. 



VOCABULARY. 



trie*, 



A'gua, water. Espe'cie (f.), species, 



Azucar, sugar. sort. 



Boton. button. Habla, (he) speaks. 



Dice, (lie) says. Manteca, butler. 



Dicen, (tliey) say. No, no. 



Dijo, (he) said. | Pan, bread. 



Entiende, (h) under, i Qaiere, (h) wishes, 



stands. (he) tcanfx. 



MODEL SENTENCES. 

 ,; Quitki tieno azucor? who has iQue libro tiene vin. ? trhal boo* 



sugar f have you t 



i Quic'u habla Ingles ? irho speaks De quien es el tcsoro ? icho< is 



Qnieren, (they) 



(they) want. 

 Rico, rich, noble, d 



lici'ou--. 

 Senor, sir. 



Senora, madam, laJy. 

 81, yes. 

 Toma, (he) takes. 



1 the treasure ? 



i Quiere su hijo pan senor ? does 



your son tcunt bread, sir T 



No, sefior, mi hijo tiene pan, no, 



..it/ son has bread. 



sh? 

 Cual de los dos pintores tiene 



dinero ? which of the two 



painters has money T 

 i Quo dijo la hija del juez ? what 



said the judge's daughter? 



EXERCISE 15. SPANISH-ENGLISH 



1. i Quito es bueno ? 2. i Quienes son ricos ? 3. i De quito SOD 

 las casas ? 4. i Cuyos libros tiene ?md. ? 5. t Qua* dijo vmd. ? 6. 

 i Qu<5 sombrero tiene vmd. ? 7. <J Que tcsoroa hallo Pedro ? 8. i Qne 

 Itogua habla el general ? 9. | Qul hombre es vm. ! 10. ; Qu<5 hermoea 

 inuger! 11. & Quien quiere pan? 12. i Quieu habla Espafiol? 13. 

 i Quie'n entiende el Ingles ? 14. i Quito ama la verdad ? 15. i Quill 

 entiende lo que Juan dice ? 1C. <; Qu6 esplcie de botones quiere vm. r 

 17. i Quo espccie de azucar tiene Pedro ? 18. j Quo quieren vma. ? 

 19. i Quo 1 libroa quieren los pintores ? 20. i Quo dicen los juecea P 

 21. f, Qiu : dijo el hermano del medico? 22. i Seuora, quiere vmd. 

 manteca ? 23. i Entiende su hija de vmd. el Ingles, senora t 24. 

 i No, seuor, ella no eutiende el Ingles ? 25. 4 Cuyos botones tieneu 

 los criados ? 26. t Quito tiene hambre ? 27. t Quitoes tienen se4 ? 

 28. Que especie de cucharas tienen las hermanaa del Americano ? 29. 

 i Quo quieren Pedro y Juan ? 30. i Quito entiende lo que vms. dicen ? 

 31. i Quito tiene pan ? 32. i De quieu son loa libros ? 33. t Cual de 

 los Franceses habla Espafiol ? 34. i Tieue vm. diuero ? 35. i Tiene 

 V. muchos libros ? 36. ,; Tiene el libro hojos de oro ? 57. ^ No aoa 

 BUS amigos ricos ? 38. i. Mis hermanos no son mas ricos que loa car- 

 pinteros de navlo ? 39. i Tienen los criados hambre ? 40. i Si, sefior, 

 los criados tienen hambre ? 



EXERCISE 16. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. Who is wise? 2. Who ia rich? 3. Who are good? 4. Who 

 are culpable? 5. Who ia strong? 6. Who are robust ? 7. Of whom 

 does Johu speak ? 8. Of the physician. 9. Whose (of whom ) are the 

 houses? 10. Peter's. 11. Whoae books has Mary? 12. Whoae 

 buttons have the male-servants ? 13. Whoae spoons have my suters ? 

 14. Which of the two aons of the physician found a treasure in the 



