LESSONS IN SPANISH. 



1 aljo del panadero ? 10. El ombrertro McribitS rta* oarUu 11. 

 Date e*pejo e* mio. 19. Kite bombro e* mi aiuigo. IS. t Qutto e*a 

 muger ? 14. Eft* brisa M atfrudnble. IS. j Cujra es e*U pluma f 18. 

 Las cuchara* do Lucia y las de Maria son da oro. 17. Joan no tieno 

 mi libro, pro \ tiene el de mi hermana. 18. i Tiene rm. mU pluouu 

 A la* do mi padre f 19. 4 Tiene el panadero mi pan 6 e] del narpintero t 

 90. La oerreia del pocadero e* tan buena oomo la del lapatero. SI. El 

 Vino da Diego of tan bueno oomo el da Pedro. 38. { Tienen lo* im- 

 presore* mis libro* 6 lo* de mi amigo ? S3. Lot impraaorw no tienen 

 too libro*, pero tienen lo* de ta amigo. 



EXBRCIBB 18. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. This gentleman i* good. 9. That woman U handaome. S. Thoee 

 spoon* oro new. 4. Thoae painters are poor. 6. Those hooMt are 

 lofty. 6. Thoae hats are oura. 7. Whose houaoi are thoae P 8. Who 

 U that gentleman P 9. Doe* that lady (smora) peak the Spanish* 

 language 1 ? 10. That looking-glaM U not old. 11. Are theae my 

 hoes ) 18. Whose hat ia that P 13. The Spanish woman and the 

 English woman have prudence ; the former ia more amiable than the 

 latter. 14. Thoae to whom John gave tho pena are poor and igno- 

 rant 15. She to whom the hatter gave the looking-glaM ia poor and 

 proud. 16. Lucy gave the spoons to thoae whom yon aaw. 17. 

 The bookseller gave three books to her who wrote him tho letter*. 

 18. IB not this the mother of the shoemaker? 19. Those knivo* 

 are hers. 20. Theae forks are his. 21. Who ia this lady ? 22. James 

 has not my book, but he has my sin tor's. 23. The street* of London 

 are wider than tho*e of Madrid. 24. The pronunciation of the 

 French is not so easy as that of the Spanish. 25. My beer is not BO 

 good as John's. 



INDEFINITE PEONOUNS. 



The indefinite pronouns, or, more properly, the indefinite 

 adjective pronouns, are 



Of these, uno,* todo, ninguno,* alguno,* otro, and tal are 

 deolined like adjectives, both in the masculine and feminine. 

 Cada, nddie, alguien, algo, nada, are used only in tho singular, 

 and do not change. A'rnbos and entrdmbos are already in the 

 plural, but have their feminine, dmbas and entrdmbas. 



There are also some indefinite relative pronouns, qnienqniera, 

 cualquiera, cualosquiora, whoever, whosoever, whichever, which- 

 soever. 



We subjoin a list of these indefinite pronouns, simple and 

 combined, with examples of the manner in which they are 

 employed in Spanish. 



The following are always used aa nouns, that is, are never 

 jeined to a noun : 



Cada uno, every one ; cada cual, each one : 

 Los cuatro animates, cada uno de T7i four animal*, each on of them 



ellos tenia seis alas, had i,r wings. 



Todos seran premiados, cada cual ^1U trill be rewarded, each one ac- 



segun BUS obras, cordinj to his deeds. 



Uno otro, each other : 



Juan y Diego so atuan uno i otro, John and James love each other 



(love themselves one to the other) . 



Unos otros, one another : 



Grid los unos por los otros, 



Nadie, nobody, no one : 

 A nadio ama el avaro, 



Pray for ont another (th ones for 

 the others). 



The miser loves nobody (to nobody 



loves tht miser). 

 Alguien, somebody, anybody : 

 i Le a visto alguien ? Has anybody seen him t 



Uno y otro, one and the other, both : 

 Uno y otro son amables. Both of them are amiobU. 



Algo, something, anything : 

 To tengo algo que comer, I Tmce i onwthinj (tohih) to eat. 



Nada, nothing, not anything : 



Nada tengo con quo mautenermc, I have nothing with which to main- 

 tain myel/. 



todo lo quo, all that which, everything, whatever : 

 Esta eehd todo lo que tenfa, This woman cant in all that she had. 



Tho following are 

 noun 



Cada, eaah every ; 

 Cada vw, 

 Cada palabra, 



IfkMwr mrg awaMe M*MV. 



vMd aloo*, but always with a 



Cualquier, nnslesqoier, 

 Cualquior orittera, 

 Cualesquler criaturas, 



The following may be nsed alone M noon*, or Joined to i 

 as adjectives i 



Todo, todos, everything, # everybody, wry i 

 En todo dad gracia*, / mritH| ftw flUaU 



Todo arbol, Xvery <*. 



Algnno, any, anybody, some, somebody, somt onf 

 Tengo libro* i i tiene vmd. al- / hM bo***t *> cay f 



guno*P 



Alguno me ha tooado, 

 Algun fruto, 

 Alguna* cocas, 

 Creyeron algnno* de ello*, 



Uno, one, a person : 

 Undia, 



Una de la* hermana*, 

 No *abe uno que hocer, 



Unos, some, certain or*s : 

 Uno* hombres, 

 J Di<> libro* 4 algnno* de o*to* 



nine* ? di<$ h'bros i unos, 



^ < i ' - ' ' t-i ";4 



00W4 JTJUL. 



S,,,u, (>.;,. 



On* of 



OM (or a jwnm) hMw M( JU( 

 do. 



Sow*, ttrttim mm. 

 Did k gvH teob to My / AM 

 childrmf fc 9M* boofa to MM. 



anoOer to perform. 

 At Imgth U otiUri 



In tucH MM. 



Both fall into OM fit. 



Ninguno, nobody, not any one, none, not any, no one : 

 Ninguno le vi6, Nobody MW him. 



Ninguna persona, No ptnon. 



Otro, other, another ; otros, others, other : 

 Una cosa es promoter y otro OM thing it 



cumplir, 

 Al fin las otras mugoros vinicron, 



Tal, such : 

 De los tales es cl estado, 

 En tal tiempo, 



Ambos, entrambos, both : 

 Xmbos me gnstan bien, 

 Entrambos caen en el hoyo, 



Alguien and nadie cannot be followed by the prepocition d, 

 of; but alguno and ninguno must be used ; M 

 Alguno de los muchachos, Some one of the boy*. 



Ninguna de laa hijas, No one o/ the daufhUr*. 



Alguno is never placed after the noun, except in negative 

 sentences, and then it has the same meaning as ninguno placed 

 before the noun ; thus we can say, yo no hallo en el ninguno 

 causa, or yo no hallo en el causa alguna, I find no fault in him. 



Algo and nada may admit of an adjective joined to them, or 

 the preposition de may come between ; thus we may my, algo 

 nuevo, or algo de nuevo, something new; nada de natural, 

 nothing natural. 



When by another's we mean the opposite of on*'* otm, it is 

 expressed in Spanish, not by otro, but by ageno (or ajeno) ; as, 

 lo ageno, that which is another's ; los bienea agenos, another's 

 goods. 



In Spanish, two negatives serve to strengthen a negation. 

 If in a negative sentence only one negative word is naed. it 

 must always come before the verb ; if two negative words are 

 used, the adverb of negation must come before the verb, and 

 the other negative word after it ; thus we may say, Diego nada 

 tiene, or Diego no tiene nada, James nothing has, or, Jamrs not 

 has nothing, the meaning in English being, James hat nothing. 

 Tho former mode of expression in Spanish is generally con- 

 sidered more elegant. 



VOCABULABT. 



