I.KSSON'S IN* 



How many, , 



HUM h. i thousand, 



Hoygens, U-gt-nio. 



number, in-Jl~ 



I nluHiM niii.-h like to 

 know accurately, 



struck, w5-*o 



m,p6c' d*-*i (or 

 tto piin-to). 



Maintain. !, 



M, 



Maiutaius, ttU-^4. 



Men, no 



Mm.l, m.'ii.t*. f. 



Moon, 



Now-ii-duyn, u( .(. .(' 

 Obstinate, o-i(i-mi-<o 



(or te-ttdr-do) . 

 Once, ti-utt vtfUta. 

 One, i. 

 Philosopher, ni-vio (or 



Jl-U.to.fo). 

 Prospect, t-dii-ta (or 



Same person, m-<U> 

 t-mo. 



Sivy, di-rt. 



Round, id-no, -. 

 st.,1,1... ml hta. 

 Ten o'clock, U 4U-oi. 



. pM^no. 

 Throa, (r. 

 Truth, t-ri-ia. 

 Will oppoiM, i OJ/-JKW- 



go-no i 

 \V,,iil 



Would fire a*ay, do- 

 rfti-bt-ro. 



I man, iiii-K- 

 r.'l-lo. 



Very little, j>o.ch{fii- 



EXXRCISK 



1. There are statues which one would not give away for a 



hum lrc< I thousand dollars, and an infinite number of wretched 



iii.-n <>mi won!.! sell for very little. 2. There is no moans of 



ing an obstinate blockhead. 3. There will always be 



A ho will oppose evident truths ; how many of thorn are 



t now-a-days! 4. There was onoe a philosoplf 

 maintained that there is no greater good than a sound mind in 

 a sound body. 5. Hnygena maintains that there are inhabitants 

 in tin; moon. 6. Are there fine environs and beautiful prospects 

 here? 7. There are many who think that the Italiun language 

 can bo learnt in throe months comfortably : -o name 



persons, after a study of sir months, cannot ovon say : " I have 

 written just now It has struck ton o'clock just now I should 

 much like to know accurately," etc. 



KEY TO EXEECISES IN LESSONS IN ITALIAN. XXV. 



EXEKCISE 32. 



1. Are they affable ? 2. Sho is not capricious. 3. I was awake. 

 4. Wo were amazed. 5. He was up-stairs. 6. They have beeii ill. 

 7. You had been in church. 8. Art thou old ? 9. Are we not 

 cautious ? 10. I had been in the bath. 11. They will be out of town. 

 12. Aro they timid ? 13. You are lazy. 14. Are you not eccentric ? 

 15. She was asleep. 16. He has been in school. 17. I shall be at 

 homo. 18. Ho is not disobliging. 19. Wo were out of doors. 20. 

 They have been at table. 21. You were down there. 22. They were 

 there. 23. Sho has been to the theatre. 21. She was within. 

 We have been to the right hand. 20. Thou wast sleepy. 



EXERCISE 33. 



1. Be assiduous. 2. They say that I may have been rash. 3. We 

 kind to all. 4. He believes that I am a squanderer. 5. I 

 .ould not be so dismal if I were not unwell. 6. Do not be impatient. 

 I should have been deceived if I had not been shrewd. 8. Do not 

 childish. 9. He would have been troublesome to all if he had 

 there. 10. Ho would not bo so thin if he were not consumptive. 

 He will be angry with me. 12. Although they may be wary. 

 We should not havo been deluded if we had been more circumspect. 

 Be (ye) true and sincere. 15. They would have been more prudent 

 they had been warned. 16. Let them be more prudent in speaking 1 . 

 You will bo hoarse. 18. They will be of middle height. 19. I 

 e that she may bo silly. 20. They would have been here already 

 they had been quicker. 21. It seems to me that you are all 

 22. Although we have been brave. 23. Thou wouldest 

 not have been ill if thou hadst been temperate. 21. He being a pro- 

 digal. 25. You would have been more esteemed if you had been less 

 haughty. 26. We should be richer if we were not wasteful. 



EXERCISE 34. 



1. Wo have fine pictures. 2. They have vivacity. 3. Have I good 

 / 4. Hast thou no ink? 5. Have you the small-pox? 6. I 

 ve nothing the matter with me. 7. He had little money. 8. He 

 afraid. 9. We had his note. 10. I have had need of a hundred 

 >rins. 11. You might have a good customer in him. 12. Thou 

 hadst much credit. 13. Have we the key? 14. Sho has ribbons. 

 15. They have lace. 16. You have relations. 17. You have had time 

 to do it. 18. Thou hadst sorno ^roubles. 19. They had the pleasure 

 to see her. 20. I havo had a good journey. 21. We had some visits. 

 22. Wo have had a bad place. 23. Has ho a cough ? 24. Have they 

 the measles ? 25. You were in the habit. 26. Wo had had it on the 

 end of the tongue. 27. Ho had no money with him. 28. You have 

 no appetite. 29. Have you not my penknife? 30. Thou hadst had 

 the (needful for living) necessaries of life. 31. I had a rocurd for him. 

 82. I had a mind to go there. 33. Have I not the evidence of the 

 contrary ? 34. Since they had had the proof of his departure. 



EXERCISE 35. 



1. Dost thou know what I (may) have ? 2. Thou shalt have a 

 clothes-press. 3. Have mercy on me. 4. Do not be afraid of this. 



. WeBt* have a stove. & U 1 1^ tts** I sboald hsv* a mia4 to 

 ffo there. 7. I ahU hare vstot. 8. It is M* po**iU* that jr<w U,e 

 hail so much to do. it. U* wtabes that we stay hav* a food Urn at 

 aim. 10. If thou hadst prod-no. thou woaldsst aot h M mas* 

 enemies. 11. Do jroa doubt that I May have had mum P U I 

 ahould ha** bad AM wssth*r U I bad had to Mt out to-day . U ** 

 UttU patiMM*. 1*. yon had (n**d) *eoaojr would h... 

 man money. U, He abaU bar* a pocket-book. M. It S**SM U 

 me that yon are wroof. 17. Ho would haw had the sttaauo* If b. 

 had sot bad neiutM. M. Do aot U in aw* ti htm. Iff. To* mil 

 havo a coachman. . Wo hould hav* had (Mater slssssin U e b*d 

 had It to-day, tl. U* would hav* man credit U his eoaduct wen 

 33. He itippoM* that wo hare had tb* pared. tt. We win 

 havo a house-stoward. U. It appear* that you hav* a hssiiisis. 

 25. You would have bad less *tbarraaat if you bad had BOM 

 order. 38. Have courage and precaution. V. Ose Bra** haw food 

 lee*. 28. I do not den/ havinf bad it M. Baviaf UOM h* win be 

 able to f o then. 30. Let them bar* aoderattoB aad eoa4****saoa. 

 31. Having a sore finger be could not writ*. 32. If they had earn 

 good books they would have I*M wearine**. S3. Thou would** h*v* 

 had it if thou badst bad patience. 34. Throufb barlaf had food 

 recommendations be has soon obtained the doured place. . U tb*/ 

 had not had great rlobe* they would aot have had eo BMUJT i 



LESSONS IN CIIKMISTRY. XXXVI. 



SPECTRUM ANALYSIS-CONCLUSION. 



IF a ray of sunlight be passed through a transparent 

 it deviates from its straight path and become* "refracted." 

 The fact is illustrated when a stick is partly immersed in water; 

 it appears broken and boi t, because the light reflected from 

 the stick, by which it is rendered visible, M it passe* from the 

 water to the air, does not continue a straight coarse, bat U 

 refracted, causing the object to appear crooked. 



An admirable way of exhibiting this phenomenon is to place a 

 basin with a shilling at its bottom, just so far from the eye that 

 the coin cannot be seen. The spectator remaining in his pusitkm, 

 let some one gently poor water into the basin, and the shflttaf 

 will again become visible. Fig. 58 will show the reason. 80 

 long as the basin was empty, the shilling could not be seen 

 if the eye were below the line A B ; however, when the water is 

 added, the light traverses the denser medium in the direction 

 A c, that is, the addition of the water place* the image of the 

 coin at c ; it therefore can be seen by the eye at D. 



But not only is the light bent in traversing a denser mudwm, 

 but it ia decomposed. Newton, two centuries ago, studied this 

 phenomenon, which ia best shown by causing a ray to pass 

 through a prism of glass. It seems that white light U eon- 

 posed of certain coloured rays, which are differently refracted, 

 and therefore, when passed through a prism, one ray is sepa- 

 rated from another. Fig. 59 represents a dark chamber, in the 

 side of which is an aperture, A. The beam of sunlight which is 

 admitted at A passes through the prism B, which is placed in 

 its path. If the prism wore not there, the ray would pass on 

 in a straight line to c ; but it is now refracted to B or D 

 according to the refractive power of the prism. At D is a loos; 

 strip of coloured light ; the red ray, which is the least bendable, 

 ia at the extremity nearest to c ; the violet, which is the most 

 easily refracted, being at the further end ; the yellow ray, which 

 has a mean refrangibility between the red and the violet, 

 occupies the centre of the spectrum. 



This fact will account for the colours the sky assumes at the 

 rising and sotting of the sun. A spectator at A (Fig. 60) would, 

 if the earth had no atmosphere, see the sun at B'. Bat as the 

 air is a denser medium than surrounding space, the rays of 

 the sun are refracted, and brought down upon the earth sooner 

 than they otherwise would be in the direction of the bent line 

 8 A. Seeing the violet rays are capable of being refracted most, 

 they reach the earth first ; and, therefore, the first light which 

 indicates the dawn is of a bluish tint Then all colour dis- 

 appears until the red rays set the sky a-glow, just before the 

 disc of the sun presents itself. 



In the year 1802, Wollaston found that by- making the aper 

 turo at A (Fig. 59) a Tory narrow aKt, and by keeping the tight 

 from being too much scattered by passing it through a lens, U 

 spectrum exhibited a number of dark lines, crossing tt at right 

 angles to its length. A German physicist, Fraanhof sr, rorther 

 the matter. He distinguished 590 lines, of whioh he 

 mapped 354 : from these he selected seren prominent one*, ai 

 ho designated them by seven letters of the alphabet 



andc 



