228 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



The second pluperfect expresses that what is affirmed had 

 taken place immediately before a time which is past ; and is 

 always employed after adverbs of time ; as 

 Cuando les hubo hablado, se mar- When he had spoken to them, they 



charon, went away. 



The first future tense refers to some action or event which is 

 yet to take place ; as 

 Hablara esta noche, He will speak to-night. 



The second future or future perfect tense refers to some future 

 action or event that will have taken place at or before some 

 particular future time ; as 



Habrt? acabado a las ocho, I shall have finished at eight o'clock. 



PARTICIPLES AND GERUNDS. 



Verbs in Spanish have two participles, the present and the 

 past. There are, however, but few present participles in use, 

 and these few are, almost without exception, employed only as 

 adjectives or nouns ; as, semejante, similar ; obediente, obedient; 

 viajante, traveller. The ending of the present participle of 

 verbs that have their infinitive in CM-, is ante; of those that 

 have their infinitive in er or ir, is iente. 



The past participle denotes action or being perfected or 

 finished, and, when derived from a regular verb, is generally 

 formed by changing the final letters of the infinitive or into 

 ado, and er into ido ; as 



Hablado, spoken. Comido, eaten. 



The gerund in Spanish is equivalent to the present participle 

 in English ; and is formed by changing the final letters of the 

 infinitive in ar into ando, and er or ir into iendo ; as 



Hablando, speaking. \ Comiendo, eating. 



CONJUGATION. 



In Spanish the infinitive mood of all verbs ends in ar, er, or 

 ir, and these terminations serve to distinguish the three conju- 

 gations ; the first conjugation comprehending all verbs ending 

 Ln ar ; the second, those ending in er ; and the third, those 

 ending in ir. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN SPANISH. VII. 



EXERCISE 17. 



1. This man is rich. 2. That woman is proud. 3. Does that lady 

 speak the English language ? 4. Whose is this knife ? 5. Whose 

 are those forks? 6. He to whom my father wrote the letters has 

 much money. 7. She to whom John gave a book is very handsome. 

 8. This house and that which you saw are mine. 9. Is not this the 

 baker's son? 10. The hatter wrote these letters. 11. This looking- 

 glass is mine. 12. This man is my friend. 13. Who is that woman ? 

 14. This breeze is agreeable. 15. Whose is this pen? 16. Lucy's 

 and Mary's spoons are of gold. 17. John has not my book, but he 

 has that of my sister. 18. Have you my pens or those of my 

 father ? 19. Has the baker my bread or that of the carpenter ? 20. 

 The innkeeper's beer is as good as that of the shoemaker. 21. The 

 wine of James is as good as that of Peter. 22. Have the printers 

 my books or those of my friend? 23. The printers have not thy 

 books, but they have those of thy friend. 



EXERCISE 18. 



1. Este caballero es bueno. 2. Aquella muger es hermosa. 3. Esas 

 encharas son nuevas. 4. Aquellos pintores son pobres. 5. Estas 

 easas son alias. 6. Esos sombreros son nuestros. 7. i De quienes 

 son aquellas casas ? 8. I Quien es ese caballero ? 9. d Habla esa 

 seiiora la lengua espaiiola ? 10. Ese espejo no es viejo. 11. t Son 

 estos mis zapatos ? 12. ,j Guyo es ese sombrero ? 13. La Espaiiola y 

 la Inglesa tienen prudencia, esa es mas amable que esta. 14. Aquellos 

 a quienes Juan dio las plumas son pobres e ignorantes. 15. Aquella 

 & quien el sombrerero dio un espejo es pobre y soberbia. 16. Lucia 

 dio las cucharas a los que vm. vio. 17. El librero dio tres libros a la 

 que le escribio las cartas. 18. I No es esta la madre del zapatero ? 

 19. Esos cuchillos son suyos de ella. 20. Estos tenedores son suyos 

 de el. 21. <[ Quien es esta seiiora ? 22. Diego no tiene mi libro, pero 

 el tiene el di mi hermana. 23. Las calles de Londres son mas anchas 

 que las de Madrid. 24. La pronunciacion del Frances no es tan facil 

 * como la del EspanoL 25. Mi cerveza no es tan buena como la de 

 Juan. 



EXERCISE 19. 



1. Every one of the three women has two looking-glasses. 2. These 

 men will be rewarded, each one according to his deeds. 3. She 

 and all her daughters are very robust. 4. Both know what is good. 

 5. Is there anything new ? 6. There is nothing new. 7. The book- 

 sellers want nothing. 8. Every thing which James has is mine. 9. No- 



body speaks evil of him. 10. The shoemaker gave shoes to no 

 one. 11. Nothing is good for him. 12. One knows not what to say. 

 13. Have you ancther brother ? 14. Did any one see my hat ? 15. 

 James found something on the road. 16. He who is rich, whoever he 

 may be, will have anxieties. 17. To whomsoever you may gi--e bread, 

 James will give money. 18. Did John give books to some of these 

 Germans ? 19. Yes, Sir, John gave books to some. 20. Has any. 

 body iny looking-glass ? 21. Nobody has thy looking-glass. 22. 

 Some men have rtoiiey, others have not. 23. Many villagers of both 

 sexes came to the city. 24. The painter gave a hat to the Ger- 

 man, and a book to the Spaniard : both are poor. 25. Mary does not 

 speak of another's faults. 26. Are there roses without thorns ? 27. 

 No, Madam, there are no roses without thorns. 28. Are there in that 

 house many rooms ? 29. There are ten rooms. 30. John is not an 

 American. 



EXERCISE 20. 



1. Los diez criados, cada uno de ellos tiene tres rosas. 2. Lucia 

 tiene diez libros cada uno en un idioma diferente. 3. Todas las 

 criadas seran premiadas, cada cual segun sus rne'ritos. 4. Maria dio 

 cuchillos a cada \mo de ellos. 5. Todo lo que brilla, no es oro. 6. 

 Todo libro tiene hojas. 7. Pedro no tiene nada. 8. Ninguna de estas 

 seiioras es rica. 9. No sabe uno que conaprar. 10. d Tiene vmd. 

 otra hermana ? 11. (, Habla alguien Espanol ? 12. El caballero 

 tiene dos criados, y dio al uno diez pesos, y al otro doce, a cada uno 

 segun su merito. 13. El zapatero tiene dos hijas, el nombre de la una 

 es Lucia, y el nombre de la otra es Maria. 14. Ella tiene algo que 

 comer. 15. Una de las senoras vino commigo. 16. Mi hermana tiene 

 todo lo que mi padre la dio. 17. A cualquiera que Maria de cucharas, 

 Lucia dara tenedores. 18. Cualquier cosa que Juan diga sus casas no 

 son hermosas. 19. Dios aborrece todo camino malo. 20. Todo es 

 muy cierto. 21. Nadie tiene tu espejo. 22. ,1 Tienen algunas de 

 estas mugeres tenedores de plata ? 23. Cada uno de nosotros tiene 

 algun meritxS. 24. Mi sobrino no tiene plumns. 25. << Hay cartas 

 para mi ? 26. No, seiior, no hay cartas para vmd. 27. t No hay libros 

 sin hojas. 



THE UNIVERSITIES. XIV. 



ABEEDEEN. 



THE University of Aberdeen derives ita origin from the two 

 foundations of King's College and Marischal College, which 

 were united by the Universities Act of 1858. The first of the 

 two colleges was founded in the year 1494 by William Elphin- 

 stone, Bishop of Aberdeen, and the second a century later by 

 George Kent, Earl Marischal. The powers, privileges, and 

 property of these two colleges were transferred to the University, 

 which takes rank among its sister universities from the date of 

 the foundation of King's College. The University is a corporate 

 body, and its government is administered by the University 

 Court, the Senatus Academicus, and the General Council. 



The division of the students into the four "nations " of Mar, 

 Buchan, Moray, and Angus, may be regarded as an indication 

 that the University of Aberdeen derives the great majority of 

 its alumni from the northern districts of Scotland. At the 

 period when the colleges, now incorporated into the University, 

 were founded, the facilities for travelling were so limited that 

 unless learning had been, as it were, brought nigh the doors of 

 the dwellers in remote regions, the higher education would have 

 languished for lack of sustenance and stimulus. Notwith- 

 standing the remoteness of its situation, Aberdeen University 

 has always a fair attendance of students, and many of its 

 professors have been eminent for their erudition and vigour of 

 intellect. 



CLASSES AND FEES. 



The following are the classes in the four faculties : 



1. Arts. Greek (2) ; Latin (2) ; English Language and Com- 

 position ; Logic ; Mathematics (2) ; Moral Philosophy ; Natural 

 Philosophy C2) ; Natural History. 



2. Divinity. Systematic Theology ; Oriental Languages ; 

 Church History ; Biblical Criticism. 



3. Law. Conveyancing (Summer Course) ; Scots Law 

 (Winter Course) ; Medical Jurisprudence. 



4. Medicine. Winter Course : Anatomy, Practical Anatomy, 

 Chemistry, Institutes of Medicine, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, 

 Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, Zoology (with 

 Comparative Anatomy), Medical Logic, Medical Jurisprudence, 

 and Materia Medica. Summer Course : Botany, Practical 

 Pharmacy, Practical Anatomy and Demonstrations, Practical 

 Chemistry, Zoology (with Comparative Anatomy), Practical 

 Midwifery and Gynecology and Clinical Diseases of Children. 

 Practical Physiology. 





