

S IN GERMAN. 



aion, en-opt in three place* (nom. ing. mate, and nom. and aoo. 

 neuter), in which the termination* are wholly omitted ; that : 



Singular. 1'lural. 



MABC. rM. VKUT. fOK ALL UBNDBR*. 



Nom. 'IVnii, nteine, mein iiKinr, my. 



'Dienief iiKiner, iiKtiiel. mnner, of my. 



Dat. i'liuum, nidiur, imiiinti IIKUKII. to my. 



Aoc. JUeinen, nuiiK, mein. mnr.e, my. 



When, however, these pronoun* are absolute tlmt i <, 

 when they stand alone, agreeing with a noun uu.i.-r-tood and 

 demanding a apeoial emphasis tho terminations ; 

 three places noted above are of course atlixud; tlnn, tufrr Vut 11) 

 iiKiner. uutt Knur, this hat is mine, not thine; ttrfel 11$ ifl 

 nid it f, this book is n, 



(5.) But when a possessive pronoun absolute i* preceded by 

 the definite article, it then follows the now form of declension. 



(6.) Often, too, in this case, tho syllable t is inserted, but 

 without any change of meaning. 



(7.) When, finally, a possessive pronoun is employed as a 

 predicate, and merely denotes possession, without special em- 

 phasis, it is not inflected at all ; thus, ber (Marten tfi mein, tho 

 garden is mine ; tie Stube ifl teitt, the room is thine ; ta6 $au6 ift 

 Kin. the house is his. 



(8.) It should be added that the Germans, when no obscurity 



is likely to grow out of it, often omit the possessive pronoun, 



in English it would be Uood ; tho definite article seeming 



sufficiently to supply its place ; as : 3d) b,abe tt in ten dnben, I 



have it in the hands ; that is, I have it in my hands. 



59. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 



(1.) Pronouns employed to represent persons and things in a 

 general way, without reference to particular individuals, are 

 called indejinite pronouns. Such are these 



SWan, one, a certain one. I Scicmant, no one, nobody. 



3mant, some one, somebody. | 3ebermann, every one, everybody. 



The following, which also belong to this list of indefinites, 

 have already been treated of under the head of indejinite nume- 

 rals; viz. : 



(irmaf something. 

 SRidjtS, nothing. 

 Jtciner, no one, none. 

 (Sitter, one, some one. 

 3eter, each, every one. 

 3et>eter, each, every one. 



3egltcb.er, each, every one. 

 (Jinige, somewhat, some. 

 (StltcfK, some, many. 

 SlKer, every one, all. 

 aftandjer, many a, many, 

 ral. 



3rtetmann is declined thus : 



Norn. Sebermann, everybody. I Dat. Sefcermann, to everybody. 

 Gen. SetermannS, of everybody. | Ace. 3ebermann, everybody. 



(2.) The German man (like the French on) is used to indicate 

 persons in the most general manner ; thus, man faat, one says ; 

 that is, they say, peoj)le say, it is said, etc. It is indeclinable, 

 and is found only in tho nominative; when, therefore, any other 

 case would be called for, the corresponding oblique case of etn 

 is employed ; thus, er nritl etnen nie Bvrtn, he will never listen to 

 one, i.e., to any one. 



(3.) Semanb and 9ttemanb are declined alike ; thus : 



Singular. 



Norn. Semanb, somebody. 

 Gen. 3emanb or 3emanbeS, of somebody. 

 Dat. 3emanb or 3tmantem, to somebody. 

 Ace. 3ttnanb or 3emanbcn, somebody. 



(4.) Note that the second form of the dative (Semanbem, 9hc> 

 manbem) is seldom employed except when the other form would 

 leave the meaning ambiguous. Thus, tt tfi 9ttemaHtem nu$lu$, it 

 is useful to nobody; where, were Sfttemanb nsed, the sense 

 might be, nobody is useful. This remark applies also to the 

 accusative ; as, fie liebt 9ltemanten, she loves nobody : in which 

 instance, were the other form (ifttemant) substituted, it might 

 mean, nobody loves her. 



eO.-BEFLECTIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS. 



(1.) When the subject and the object of a verb are identical, 

 the latter being a personal pronoun, tho pronoun is said to be 

 reflective, because tho action is thereby represented as revert- 

 ing upon the actor ; thus, et rub,mt fi<$, he praises himself. 



(2.) When, however, in such case, the design is to represent 



tne indiridiuda <xMietitatinr a plural eobjeet aa eettnf one 

 another, the pronoun in aai.i to bo rteipro al t Uuu, (U 

 . ; . .. . .1 . 



(3.) But M (for example fe M*i*r M may equally mmn. 

 " they diagraoe tkmuelvet," the reciprocal word efrtteir (OM 

 another) i* added to or eabetitated for *. wherever there U 

 danger of mistake ; ae, Ik wmr^ni de> naaim, or (k cr|4ni ns. 

 antrr, they understand one another. 



(4.) In the dative and aooneatfre (aiaffolar and ploml) the 

 German afford* a pecial form for the refleotlTee ; m., Re). Uav 

 elf, henelf, iUelf, Uumuelvee. The personal pronoun*, there. 

 fore, in all the oblique oaeee that U, all oaeee except the nonu 

 native are used in a reflective eenee, except in the datire aad 

 accusative (third penon), where, fawtead of ^m. >.>. tt.. Uv 

 word ftcf> i empbyed. Regard*! a* refleetirea, the pereoml 

 pronouns are declined thn* : 



Singular. plural. 



nan rsaaoi. 



OTeiner, of myself. Unfn, of onraelvee. 



OJltr, to myself. Unl, to onraelree. 



Sftteb., myself. Unf, ouraelve*. 



8ECOVD ntMOB. 



Detner, of thyself. ttuer, of yonraelve*. 



$ir, to thyself. Qudf. to jrouraelvea. 



Did;, thyself. <fti 



Gen. 

 Dat. 

 Aoc. 



Gen. 

 Dat. 

 Ace. 



THIRD PEKSOV MASCUUVB. 



Gen. Seiner, of himself. 3 brer, of themxelve*. 



Dat. Sieb,, to himeelf. Sid;, to tbemaelrea. 



Aoc. Si*, himself. Ctd, themaelree. 



THIRD PERSON mfiinm. 



Gen. 3^rrr, of herself. 3b,rer, of thenuelree. 



Dat. @t^ to herself. 6i<^, to themeelrea. 



Ace. ic$, herself. @i<^, themeelvM. 



THIRD PERSON VXCTKK. 



Gen. Seiner, of itself. 3&rer, of themselvet. 



Dat. @ id), to itself. 6i$, to thenuelvee. 



Aoo. Sit^, itself. @t$, themselves. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GERMAN. 



EXERCISE 153 (Vol. III., page 139). 

 1. aStde Seute brinaen tbre 3eit in Irlabnt ^u. 2. (tt fr-v^tt Vni 



qroiiten Zfytil feinrt 8eben in fremben lantern ;u. 3. 3etrr 9>nfe). 

 metier WefubJ fur (Jbu bat, etttjiebt fu^ fetnen $Pi$rtn u.-el*e ttr Vtaf^ 

 beit 9iu$en bringen. 4. tin faat fein qri-pfft 2*a^ fei 0ctt. tint tic ga)r 

 2De(t, mtt 3b,m malid?en, fei m<^t. 5. Tiefrr Wann fagte, H fei ibm gamj 

 cinertei, ob fetne Unternebmunjen erfotgreteb, witren rter nid>t 6.- fBW 

 oiele Sorten 20etn ^aben ie ? 7. 3<< ^abt rrfterlri, 6ie megm wablrm. 

 icet^e @ie tcotten. 8. 3<^> gebe jeten lag )tvnma( ubr tit Sememe 

 Srurfe. 9. '-Biele geben uber Ojlenbt nac^ Deutfetlanb. 10. 34 

 ma^rfcf^etnlicb einen 'DJonat in '.Bonn jubringen. 11. SWetn jRad-fcrc lot 

 breicrlei (Snten in fetnem Seiche ; tiefelben ftnt fe6,r fc^cn. 12. Xretfrlh 

 9iofen ma* fen in unferm (Marten. 13. SBenn id) ^unang btn, fc tjt d 

 mtr etnerlei, ob id) ii>ilti-nt ober etn tucf iXmterbraten cr mir ^atc. 14. 

 <5r faufte JBanb von breterlei Sarbtn. 



EXERCISE 154 (VoL III., page 139). 



1. This year the fruits of the garden, u wall M of the field. ha 

 turned out well. 2. This tree yield* abundance of fruit every year. 

 3. Is all produce fruit ? 4. No, not all, bat only that which grow* 

 on trees. 5. This young man rotten too much upon hi* rthtion*. 

 and too little npon hi* own abibttaa. 6. Ha depend* upon our 

 visiting him next week. 7. Ha tnuted that God would help him. 

 8. He who reliea too much upon other*, may easily be deceived. 9. I 

 highly esteem my friend*. 10. He think* much of a comfortable Ufa. 

 11. This man think* too much of himself aad hi* prudence, tbarefote 

 he despises the oounael of well-wiahing friend*. 19. Only upon thi* 

 condition can I agree to it 13. I agree to it if it ha* no erO 

 consequences. 14. He agreed to it without being acquainted with 

 all the difficulties. 15. This child act* just aa if it were at home ' 

 here. 16. The sailor acted a* if he were oat of hi* eanaee. 17. He 

 behaves aa though the greateat wrong had befallen him. W. Tkia 

 man behave* aa though he were offended. 1. He acta Hke a child 

 of five yean of age. 80. The neighbour throe* the introder out of 

 door*. 21. The boy nuhed out at the door aa I opened it. t*. Toe. 

 who quarrel, go out of door* (Goethe). 83. II entirely aepaeda npoe 

 circumstance* whether I sUrt for America next year or not Si. I 

 greatly depend* upon circumstance* wha* he win do. SS. TW 

 peaaanta lead aa independent a Ufa in America aa in Germany they 



