300 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



LESSONS IN SPANISH. X. 



CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERBS (continued). 

 INFINITIVE MOOD. 



SIMPLE TENSES. 



Present. Estar, (o be. 



Present Gerund. Estando, feeing. 



Past Participle. Estado, been. 



COMPOUND TENSES. 



Post. Habe"r estado, to have been. 

 Past Genind. Habieudo estado, 

 having been. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 



Prese?it. Perfect Indefinite. 



Sing. Lstoy, I am. Sing. He estado, I have been. 

 Estas. Has estado. 



Esta. Ha estado. 



'. Estamos. Plur. Hemos estado. 

 Estais. Habeis estado. 



Estan. Han estado. 



first Pluperfect. 

 Sing. Habia estado, I had been. 



Habias estado. 



Habia estado. 

 Plur. Hnbiamos estado. 



Habiais estado. 



Habian estado. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Imper/ci. 

 Estaba, 1 was. 

 Estabas. 

 Estaba. 

 Estabamos. 

 Estabais. 

 Estaban. 



Perfect Definite. 

 Estuve, I teas. 

 Estuviste. 

 Estuvo. 

 Estuvimos. 

 Estuvisteis. 

 Estuvie'ron. 



First Future. 

 Estate, I shall or wiU be, 

 Estaras. 

 Estara. 

 Estar <5mos. 

 Estareis. 

 Estaran. 



Second Pluperfect. 

 Sing. Hube estado, I had been. 



Hublste estado. 



Hubo estado. 

 Plur. Hubimos estado. 



Hubisteis estado. 



Hubie'ron estado. 



Second future. 

 Sing. Habre estado, I shall or will 



Habras estado. [have been. 



Habra estado. 

 Plur. Habremos estado. 



Habrels estado. 



Habran estado. 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 

 Esta, be thou. 



Este, let 7iim be, or may he b. 

 Estemos, let us be, or may we be. 

 Estad, be you. 

 Estdn, let tliem be, or may they be. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Sing. 

 Plur. 



Present. 



Este 1 , I may be. 

 Estes. 

 Este. 

 Estemos. 

 Estais. 

 Esten. 



Imperfect. 



Estuviera, estari'a, estuviese, 

 I would, should, might be. 



[vidses. 



Estuvieras, estarias, estn- 

 Estuviera, estaria, estuviese. 



E&tuvieramos, estariamos, 



estuvie'semos. 

 Estuvierais, estariais, estu- 



vie'seis. [viesen. 



3stuvit$ran, estarian, estu- 



First Future. 



Si estuviere, if I should be. 

 Sd estuvieres. 

 Si estuviere. 

 Si estuvieremos. 

 Si estuviereis. 

 Si estuvi^reii. 



Perfect Indefinite. 

 Sing. Haya estada, I may have been. 



Hayas estado. 



Haya estado. ' 

 Plur. Hayainos estado. 



Hayais estado. 



Hayan estado. 



Pluperfect. 



Sing. Hubiera, habria, hubiese es- 

 tado, I urould, s7iould, might 

 have been. [estado. 



Hubieras, habrias, liubieses 

 Hubiera, habria, hubiese es- 

 tado. 

 Plur. Hubieramos, habrfamos, hu- 



biesemos estado. 

 Hubie'rais, habriais, hubieseis 

 estado. [estado. 



Hubierau, habrian, hubiesen 



Second future. 

 Sing. Si hubiere estado, if I should 



Si hubieres estado. [have been. 



Si hubiere estado. 

 Plur. Si hubierernos estado. 



Si hubiereis estado. 



Si hubieren estado. 



The different persona of the verb estar are generally rendered 

 in English the same as those of the verb ser ; but in Spanish 

 these verbs are not employed indiscriminately, the one for the 

 other. Ser is used to affirm what a person or thing is naturally 

 (or by nature), as well as habitual qualities, or permanent or 

 characteristic properties of an object. Estar is used to affirm 

 how any thing exists at any period of time, or ivhere any thing 

 exists. Thus the sentences, la doncella es amable, and la 

 doncella esta amable, would each be rendered in English by 



" the maid is amiable ;" but in Spanish the former means " frho 

 maid is amiable." naturally or permanently, i.e., of an amiable 

 disposition; the latter means "the maid is amiable" for tho 

 time being, though her disposition may be far from beinj 

 amiable. " Mary is in the country " is rendered Maria estd en. 

 el campo, since estar (and not ser) is used to affirm where a 

 thing is. Juan es bueno means " John is good," affirming what 

 John is ; Juan estd bueno means " John is well," i.e., in good 

 health, affirming how John is. 



VOCABULARY. 



Agrio, sour. j Donde ? where ? Media, stocking. 



Alii, there. El senor T., Mr. T. Mesa, fable. 



Aqui, here. Enfadado, angry. Ocupado, busy, occ/ 



Bueno, well. Enfermizo, sickly. pied. 



Caliente, warm. Enfermo, sicfc, ill. Pesado, heavy. 



Campo, country, field. En casa, at home. Plcmo, lead. 



Cansado, weary, tired. Escribiendo, writing. Presente, present. 



Ciego, blind. Fonda, hotel. Seda, silk, 



j Corno ? 7ioui ? Inglaterra, England. Sobre, tipon. 



Con, wit7i. La seiiora T., Mrs. T. Siempre, always. 



Coutento, contented, La seiiorita T., Miss T. Triste, sad, sorrou/ul. 



pleased. Luego, soon, imme- 

 ^Cuanto? hoio 9nuch? diately. 



MODEL SENTENCES. 



I Donde esta rni libro ? Aqui esta. 



Where is ?ny boofc ? Here it is. 



j Como esta vmd. ? Estoy muy 

 bueno. Hoio ore you ? I am 

 uery well. 



EXERCISE 25. SPANISH-ENGLISH. 



1. El Frances esta en la ciudad. 2. Estoy en la calle. 3. Estan 

 contentos. 4. Estais enfadados. 5. Esta ocupado. 6. Estas en tu 

 casa. 7. Los abogados estan en la fouda. 8. j Estais cansados ? 9. 

 No estamos cansados. 10. j Donde esta la fonda ? 11. Aqui esta. 



12. j Doude esta mi sombrero ? 13. Esta sobre la mesa^ 14. j Esta 

 el senor B. en casa ? 15. Esta en casa. 16. [ Estan vms. buenos ? 

 17. Estamos buenos. 18. Diego esta en el campo. 19. Estaba 

 enfermo. 20. Yo estaba contento. 21. Estabamos presentes. 22. 

 Estaban cansados. 23. Estabas enfermo. 24. j No estaba V. en el 

 campo ? 25. j Estuvisteis alii muchos aiios ? 26. j Estuvierou 

 tristes ? 27. j Estuvo vmd. mucho* tiempo con el juez ? 28. j Cuauto 

 tiempo t has estado en Inglaterra ? 29. Nunca heinos estado en 

 Inglaterra. 30. He estado muy enformo. 31. Juan estara en su 

 casa. 32. Estaran con vmd. luego. 33. Estaras presente. 34. Estaiv 

 con vms. luego. 35. Estemos contentos. 36. Esteu presentes. 37. 

 Esto el agua cilieute. 38. Es posible qua este'is presentes. 39. Si 

 Juan estuviese presente, Maria estuviera contenta. 40. j Ojala no 

 hubiese yo estado euferino ! 



EXERCISE 26. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. We are sad. 2. Ye are angry. 3. He is busy. 4. The water 

 is warm. 5. My father is iu the city. 6. The printer is always 

 occupied. 7. Thou art 2 always 1 busy. 8. Where is John's book ? 9. 

 Here it is. 10. Whera are my spoons, knives, and forks ? 11. Here 

 they are. 12. How are you? (how is your worship?) 13. I am well. 

 14. How is Mrs. B. ? 15. She is well. 16. How is Miss B. ? 17. 

 She is not very well. 18. Are you (umd.) tired ? 19. I am not 

 tired. 20. Is Peter in Madrid ? 21. No, Sir, he is in England. 22. 

 The book is upon the table. 23. Mrs. B. was busy. 24. You (vms. ) 

 were present. 25. Ye were present, 26. Was not my father in the 

 city ? 27. We were in the street. 28. Thou wast with thy 

 friend. 29. I was (perf. def.) sad two years. 30. Wast thou there '( 

 31. Was he there ? 32. I have never been in England. 33. We had 

 been very sick. 34. I shall be busy. 35. We shall be in our houses. 

 33. Ye will be present. 37. Peter will be with us immediately. 38. 

 Be ye contented. 39. May he be contented. 40. It is possible that 

 Peter may be in his house. 41. It is probable that the lawyers may 

 be tired. 42. O that you (V.) had (might hare) been present ! 43. 

 The 3 judge* being 1 ill 2 , gave his money to his sons. 



The student can proceed to write and re-write all the parts cf 

 the verb estar, continuing the practice till he has committed 

 it to memory, and afterwards translate the following exercise 

 on ser and estar. 



EXERCISE 27. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. Thou art proud. 2. Thou art angry. 3. Death is terrible. 4. 

 We are in the street. 5. My father is very rich. 6. My mother is 

 very sorrowful. 7. Lead is heavy. 8. The milk is sour. 9. I am a 

 German. 10. We are imprudent. 11. We are ill. 12. She is old. 



13. She is contented. 14. My mother is blind. 15. My daughter 

 is blind with (de) auger (ira). 16. Mary is beautiful. 17. Lucy is 



* Mucho tiempo, much time, equivalent to long time or a grit u'Ail* 

 in English. 



t Cuanto liempo, how much time, meaning how lonj. 



