I'ONDENCE IN FRENm. 



I 



Though the apparatna just described shows very clearly the 

 fact of the compressibility of tho air, uii.l tin* n .n-.-qm-nt increase 

 of it* elastic pressure, yet it UOOH not afford a very ready way 

 of measuring exactly the alteration of volume, and a different 

 I'l.ui li.i- ilii-n-tOrc lieen a.|.'pt.-il by experimentalists on this 

 point. Tin' l;i\\H ,,f tliis ciniipri'MHion were studied at the same 

 tiimi in Fniiii-i. l,y .M. Mariotte, and in KiiKland ' 

 ami tli.-y I. mil arrived at the same result, which is known a* 

 Boyle a iM !.iw, and may be stated as follows : 



' rnperature remaining the same, the volume of a given 

 iiiaiiiity i.f gas variua inversely as the pressure 

 bwn, 



! IK'. 15 represents the apparatus which in usually employed 

 in the proof of this, and which is known UM Mariotte's tube. A 

 long glass tube is sealed at one end, and h-i.t n u: .1 not far 

 ti-om tlii* em!, as hliown in tho figure. It in then fixed to a 

 board, and a scale divided into inches and decimals of an in<-)i 

 is placed against each limb. Both these scales commence at 

 the same level, and a little mercury is first poured into 

 tin- tube, so as to fill the bend and Ktiind in each tube even 

 with tho lower eml <1 tin- .-.-ale. This may with a little practice 

 be easily urrouiplishod. The air in tho shorter leg is now 

 exposed to tin- pressure of the atmosphere, which, for simpli- 

 city, we will suppose to be just equal to that of a column of 

 mercury ;>() inches high. Now pour mercury into the longer 

 limb till it t-t an. is 30 inches higher than in the other limb ; the 

 uir in this will then be compressed with double the force that it 

 was before, and, by noticing the height on the scale, we shall 

 find that it now occupies 10 divisions inatcad of 20 that is, 

 under double the pressure it occupies half the space. Let a 

 further quantity of mercnry be now poured into the tube, till 

 it stands in the long limb 60 inches above the height in the 

 other, and again notice the space occupied by the confined air ; 

 we shall now find it to be 6j divisions, showing that with throe 

 times the pressure it occupies only one-third the apace. Ex- 

 periments have been carried on in thia way till a pressure of 

 nearly 30 atmospheres baa been obtained, and this law is found 

 to hold true with most gases. 



CORRESPONDENCE IN FRENCH. XII. 

 53. FORM OF ENGLISH BOTTOMRY BOND. 



Know all men by these presents that I .... master 

 of the ship or vessel called the .... of and belonging 

 to the port of .... am held and firmly bounden unto 

 . . . . of the town of Kingston-upon-HuU, merchant, in 

 the sum of .... of lawful money of Great Britain and 

 Ireland, to be paid to the said . . . . his executors, ad- 

 ministrators, or assigns, or his or their lawful attorney or 

 attornies, for which payment to be well and truly made I bind 

 myself, my heirs, executors, and administrators, goods, chattels, 

 and effects firmly by these presents. 



Dated at Kingston-upon-Hull aforesaid thia .... day 

 of ... in the year of our Lord . 



Whereas the good ship or vessel called the ... of Bel- 

 fast, ... of the burthen of ... tons or thereabouts, 

 whereof the above bounden ... is master, ia now about to 

 sail from the port of Hull in the kingdom of England, laden 

 with a cargo of .... and bound therewith to the port of 

 . or so near as she can safely get thereto. 



And whereas the above-named .... merchant, hath 

 advanced and lent unto the said . . . tho sum of ... 

 to enable him, the said ... to pay the cost of certain 

 repairs done to his said vessel, and other charges and expenses 

 .ncurred by him at the said port of Hull, for and in respect 

 of the said vessel, and also to enable him the said .... 

 to prosecute his said voyage (as he the said . . . doth 

 hereby admit and acknowledge, testified by his executing these 

 presents), and the said .... hath agreed to stand and 

 bear the hazard and adventure thereof on tho hull and body of 

 the said ship, her tackle, furnitures, apparel, and also on the 

 said cargo laden on board the said ship, and the freight thereof 

 upon the said intended voyage, which the said . . . hath 

 and by these presents doth respectively assign over and mortgage 

 unto the said .... his heirs, executors, administrators, 

 and assigns. And the said .... doth declare that the 



aid ship or veeeel her taekle, furniture, and apparel, 



together with the eaid cargo and freight due and to become due 

 ia respect thereof, hath bean and is thus assjgaed over and 



mortjfatf- Imit.j the .ui.1 . . . M- ,.i,..-m..r B ,u,liiii...trut..r-. 



and assigns, for the necnrity of the eaid .and shall 



be delivered to no other uee or porpoee wbaUover until payment 

 and fall eatinfaetion of this Bond, together with the premiun 



her.-.nuft.-r in,-nti.,ne.l, -hall i,,- BJSjdfl a-,. ft BfMl 



Now the condition of the above-written obligation is such 

 that if the eaid ship or Teasel ... do and shall with 

 all convenient speed proceed and sail from and out of the 



aid port of Hull to the port of aforesaid, 



or eo near thereto as she can safely get without deviation 

 (damages and carnalities of the seas exosptedj, and also if 

 the above bounden .... his heirs, executor., or ad- 

 ministrators, do and shall 'Tt^tHtly after the said ship's 

 arrival at ... aforesaid, or so near thereto as she ean 

 safely get, well and truly pay or cause to be paid to the said 

 . his executors, administrators, or assigns, or his or 

 their lawful attorney or attorniee, the sum of ... of good 

 and lawful money aforeeaid, with . . . pounds and . . . 

 shillings per cent, bottomry premium thereon, ""^'ng together 

 the sum of . . . or if in the said voyage and before the 

 ship's arrival at .... aforeeaid, or so near thereto as she 

 could otherwise have safely got, an utter loss of the said ship by 

 fire, enemies, or any other casualty, shall unavoidably happen, to 

 be sufficiently proved by the said ... his heirs, executors, 

 or administrators, then the above-written Bond or obligation to 

 be void, otherwise to be and remain in full force and virtue. 



(The Captain's signature) 



Sealed and delivered in the presence of 



N. N. (Notary) 

 N. N. (Witneas) 



54. FORM OF FRENCH CONTRAT i. LA GROSSI. 



Je souasigne (capitaine) . . . demeurant a .... 

 capitaino du . . (brig) . . . de la jange de . . ayant 

 . . . homines d'equipage, tout compris, ayant rellche a 

 . . . (Cherbourg) . . dans mon voyage de . . . a 

 . . avec un chargement de . . (bois de construction) . . 

 pour ce dernier port, reconnais et confesse avoir recn de Monsieur 

 . . . negotiant . . . demeurant a ... en eepeoae 

 et frais du present acte la somme de .... a la gioeeo 

 aventure de mer. pour servir au paiement de la reparation de 

 mon dit navire et frais a la cargaison, de laquelle somme ledit 

 sieur . . . court les risqnes de mer et autres queloonquee 

 (sauf toute contribution aux avaries simples, dont il eat dispensl) 

 jusqu'a ce que je sois arrive a . . . ou etant rendu, jo 

 promets et m'oblige de payer a 1'ordre de .... la somme 

 de . . (emprunt et prime) . . . y compris 1'interet de 

 grosse, a cause desdits risque*, lui affectant et hypothequant, a 

 cet effet, les marchandises composant ma cargaison, lee corps, 

 quille, agres, apparaux, dependences et le fret de mon dit navire 

 de memo que toua mes biens presents et a venir, et meme ma 

 personne conformement aux lois et aux us et contumes de la 

 mer ; en foi de quoi j'ai signe le present double pour servir et ne 

 valoir que d'un seal et meme, a ... Cherbourg . . . 

 le . . . 



(Signature du Capitaine) 



Capital (en chiffres) 



Benefice (en id.) 



55. FORM OF ENGLISH POLICY OF MARITIME ASSURANCE. 



IN THE NAME OF GOD, Amon. Messrs. N. N., as well as in 

 their own name as for and in the name and names of all and 

 every other person or persons to whom the same doth, may, or 

 shall appertain, in part or in all, doth make assurance, and 

 cause themselves and them, and every of them, to be insured, 

 lost or not lost, at and from London to Riga, including 

 a 1 ! risk in craft to and from the vessel, upon any kind of 

 goods and merchandise, and also upon the body, taekle, 

 apparel, ordnance, munition, artillery, boat, and other furni- 

 ture, of and in the good ship or vessel called the Mary, whereof 

 is master, under God, for this present voyage, N. N., or whoeo- 

 ever shall go for master in the said hip, or by whatsoever 



