THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



1. The plan of the property should always be accompanied 

 with an arrow, indicating the position of the ground with respect 

 to the north, and the first line measured should have a note in 

 the field-book, showing its bearing relatively to this as nearly as 

 practicable ; after the first line this course may be abandoned, 

 as the others will range themselves in their proper order, pro- 

 vided always that the succession of lines measured has been so 

 arranged as that each one shall depend upon one of its pre- 

 decessors. In other words, the first line, which is always 

 selected for its prominence, may be regarded as a base line, the 

 others being planted upon it directly or indirectly. 



2. Care must be taken in course of measuring a line to note 

 correctly in the field-book every object adjacent to the line, 

 sketching its bearing with respect to it. The nature of the 

 ground passed over, whether orchard, arable, etc., may also with 

 advantage be noted. All buildings must be carefully marked 

 down; also streams, ponds, roads, etc. 



3. It is not advisable wholly to depend upon off-sets for the 

 shape of a hedge or fence adjacent to a line, but to draw it as 

 correctly as the eye will indicate. This rule holds good more 

 particularly with respect to crooked boundaries, which may fre- 

 quently cross the line which is being measured. These points 

 must be carefully noted. We refer the student to line 3 for 

 a good illustration of a boundary crossing the line being 

 measured. 



4. It is desirable, whenever any line being measured passes 

 through a station situated upon another line, to sketch down the 

 direction of the line so passed, and to mark what its number is 

 upon the survey. This cannot be too frequently done, as it will 

 be found to render a great assistance in the subsequent operation 

 of plotting. 



5. When starting upon the measurement of a fresh line, the 

 starting-point should have placed opposite it in the field-book 

 the direction of the new line to the one it is leaving, as nearly 

 as the eye can do so. 



If the student looks over the field-book wo have just given, ho 

 will observe at the commencement of each lino something like 



the following, " From at 100 on 



This simply means 



that the line about to bo measured and entered in the field-book 

 commences from a station (0) situated at 100 links from the 



beginning of line fp) 30, and that you turn to the right ( ) 



If it had been , it would have implied that you turn to the 



left : if , or , that you deviated either to the right or the 

 left, but obliquely. 



In commencing to "plot" your notes, it is best to discard all 

 matters of detail, such as off-sets, and all notes except the posi- 

 tions of stations (0), until you have laid down your skeleton 

 plan, that is, your measured lines. These will be marked with 

 a finely-pointed pencil, so that when you subsequently fill in your 

 detail, they can be obliterated, and the actual plan of the ground 

 not be interfered with. Care has been taken in the foregoing 

 notes to mark in considerable detail the direction of streams, 

 because these constitute a very valuable adjunct to farming 

 property. 



We now leave the subject in the student's hands, feeling sure 

 that if he has followed us carefully through every part of our 

 course, he cannot fail, after a little actual practice upon the 

 ground, to portray accurately upon paper the contour of any 

 ordinary portion of country. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LAND-SUEVEYING.-II. 



EXERCISE 3. 



15 poles 515 links. 



EXERCISE 4. 



22-18 poles. 



EXERCISE 5. 

 30 a. 2 rds. 1'665 poles. 



EXERCISE 6. 

 3 rds. 34-147 poles. 



LESSONS IN FRENCH. LXXVII. 



85. COMPLEMENT OF ADJECTIVES (continued). 



(3.) As may be seen in the last sentence in the previous lesson, 

 an adjective is not always, in French, followed by the same 

 preposition as the corresponding adjective in English. Thus, 

 after the adjective content, the French use the preposition de 



(of), whilst after its English equivalent (pleased), the pre- 

 position with must be employed ; in order therefore to help 

 the student out of this difficulty we have given, besides lists of 

 adjectives requiring the prepositions de, a, and others, the 

 following rules : 



(4.) When an adjective follows the verb e'tre, used imper- 

 sonally, the preposition de is placed after that adjective, and 

 before the verb following : 



n est beau de mourir pour son 

 pays. 



II est plus aise 1 d'etre sage pour 

 les autres que pour soi-meme. 

 LA ROCHEFOUCAULD. 



n est plus glorieux de se 

 vaincre soi-meme, que de vaincre 

 les autres. SCUDRY. 



It is noble to die fr one** country. 



It is easier to be wise for another 

 titan for one's self. 



It is more glorious to conquer one's- 

 self than to conquer others. 



(5.) It should be recollected, that it is only when the verb 

 etre is impersonal, that it requires the preposition de. In 

 other cases, the adjective must be followed by the preposition 

 proper to it. See 86, 87, 88, 89, below. 



Cela est beau a voir. 

 Cela u'est pas aisd & faire. 



That is beautiful to see. 

 That is not easy to be done (easily 

 done). 



(6.) Adjectives expressing feelings of kindness or nnkindness 

 to men or animals generally require the preposition envers : 



II est affable envers tout le 

 monde. 



II faut etre charitable envers 

 les pauvres, et poli envers tout 

 le monde. 



Ne soyez pas cruel envers les 

 animaux. 



He is a/alle to everybody. 



We must be charitable to the poor, 

 and civil to everybody. 



Do not be cruel to animals. 



86. LIST OF ADJECTIVES REQUIRING THE PREPOSITION de. 



Absent de, absent (from). 

 Ambitieux de, ambitious of. 

 Amonreux de, in love \eith, 

 Avide de, eager for. 

 Capable de, capable of, to. 

 Complice de, accomplice in. 

 Content de, pleased icith. 

 Curieux de, curious to. 

 Dddaigneux de, disdaining to. 

 De'sireux de, desirous to, of. 

 Different de, different from. 

 Digne de, worthy of, to. 

 Envieux de, enm'ous of. 

 Esclave de, a slave to. 

 Exempt de, e.tempt from. 

 Fier de, proud of. 

 Fort de, confident in. 

 Fou de, excessively fond of. 

 Glorieux de, proud of. 



Qui vit content de rien, possede 

 toute chose. BOILEAU. 



II n'es't pas de Eomain, 



Qui ne soit desireux de vous 

 donner la main. CORNEILLE. 



Honteux de, ashamed of. 

 Impatient de, impatient of. 

 Incapable de, incapable of. 

 Inconsolable de, inconsolable for. 

 Indigne de, unworthy o/. 

 Iiidigne de, indignant with. 

 Inquiet de, uneasy about. 

 Ivre de, intoxicated with. 

 Las de, iceary of. 

 Me'content de, displeased tcitlu 

 Plein de,/ull of. 

 Eavi de, glad to, of. 

 Eeconnaissant de, grateful for* 

 Eedevable de, indebted for. 

 Soigneux de, careful of, to. 

 Sur de, sure of. 

 Tributaire de, tributary to. 

 Victime de, wctim of, to. 

 Vide de, void of. 



He who lives content with a little 

 possesses all. 



There is no Roman that is not 

 desirous to reach you his hand. 



87. LIST OF ADJECTIVES REQUIRING THE PREPOSITION a. 



Accessible a, accessible (o. 

 Adherent a, adhering to. 

 Agre'able a, agreeable to. 

 Aise' a, easy to. 

 Ante'rieur a, prior to. 

 Ardent a, zealous for. 

 Assidu a, assiduous for. 

 Attentif a, attentive (o. 

 Bon a, good for. 

 Cher a, dear to. 

 Conforms a, similar to. 

 Contraire a, contrary to. 

 Difficile a, difficult to. 

 Euclin a, prone to. 

 Etranger a, a stranger to, 

 Exact a, exact in. 

 Facile a, easy to. 

 Fatal a, fatal to. 



Favorable a, favourable to. 

 Formidable, a, formidable to. 

 Impenetrable a, impenetrable to. 

 Indispensable a, indispensable to. 

 Insensible a, insensible to. 

 Invisible a, invisible to. 

 Naturel a, natural to. 

 Ne"cessaire a, necessary to. 

 Nuisible a, 7iurt/ul to. 

 Odieux a, odious tot, 

 Poste"rieur a, posterior to. 

 Preferable a, preferable to. 

 Propice a, propitious to. 

 Propre a, fit for. 

 Eebelle a, rebellious towards, 

 Bedoutable a, formidable to. 

 Semblable a, similar to. 

 Sujet a, subject jto. 



