LESSONS IN FRENCH. 



m 



L'irnoranoe tonjourt est pr*t a 

 'admirer. Boiuuu. 



Insensible ft 1* Tie, Insensible ft la 

 mort, 



II ne salt quund U reille, 11 ne salt 

 quand il dort. RACINE. 



Ignorance it oltray* ready to ad- 

 min itself. 



Intemiblt to lift, intentible to 

 death, he do** not know w** JU u 

 airuke, or vhtn he tltept. 



{ 86. ADJECTIVES REQUIRING A DIFFERENT PREPOSITION IN 

 FRENCH AND IN KNUI.IHH, NOT INCLUDED IN TUB ABOTI 



Ll8T, WITH THE FOLLOWING SlONiriCATION. 



Ron pour, kind toward*, devoted to. 



pour, par, clhrut<-J for. 

 lyuoruut eu, not verted in. 



Quiinil ou eit bon pour tout lo 

 uiou.K', ou no l'est poor peraoniM. 



C. DKLAVIUNI. 



II fut ctMi-bro par M doctriue, 

 autuut que par aa naUaanoe. 



BOMUBT. 



Indulgent pour, induljtnt toward*. 

 Insolvent avec, in*oUnt to. 



Whin one it devoted to everybody, 

 out it to totcardt nobody. 



Ht was celebrated for hit doctrine, 

 at veil at for hit birth. 



Nor*. It must not bo forgotten, that when the verb etre in 

 nsed impersonally before tho adjectives contained in the lists 

 above, these adjectives become subject to Rule (4.), 85 : 



II est indispensable dVtudicr 

 beaucoup pour devenir savant. 



It u indispentablt to study much, 

 to become, learned. 



89. IMPORTANT RULES ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF AD- 

 JXCTIVK8 WITH DIFFERENT PREPOSITIONS. 



(1.) A noun may bo followed by two or more adjectives, 

 bavin? one and tho same complement, provided those adjec- 

 tives require the same prepositions after them ; thus we may 

 say : 



Co pore eat utile et cher a sa 

 famillo. QIKAULT DUVIVIER. 

 La religion est ut5cessuiro et 



naturello a 1'honime. 



ANONYMOUS. 



That father it useful and dear to 

 hit family. 



fifty ion is necessary and natural 

 to man. 



These two sentences are correct, because tho adjectives, utile 

 and cher, in the first, and necessaire and naturel, in the 

 second, require the same preposition a. 



(2.) We could not, in the first of these two sentences, sub- 

 stitute the adjective ch6ri (beloved) for the word cher, and say, 

 as in English, That father is useful TO, and beloved BY his family. 

 Such a construction in French is never admissible. We must 

 say, That father is useful to his family, and is beloved by them ; 

 because the adjective cheri requires the preposition do, or its 

 substitute, the relative pronoun en [ 40, (17.)].* Ce pere est 

 utile a sa famille et en est cheri. 



90. DETERMINATIVE ADJECTIVES. DEMONSTRATIVE 

 ADJECTIVES. 



The demonstrative adjective, which must not be confounded 

 with the demonstrative pronoun [ 37.], always precedes the 

 noun, and must be repeated before every substantive. It as- 

 sumes the gender and number of the word which it determines 

 [21, (1.)]:- 



Get air pur, CCS gazons, cette 



voute mobile : 

 Ici tout plait au coeur, tout en- 



chante les yeui. CAETEL. 



Tliat pure air, that turf, that 

 changing vault; hert every t/i ; iij 

 pleases the heart and charms the 

 eyes. 



91. AGREEMENT, REPETITION, AND PLACE OF THE 

 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE. 



We have said [ 22, (2.)] that tho possessive adjective assumes 

 the gender and number of the object possessed, and (4.) that it 

 must be repeated before every noun. The place of the posses- 

 sive adjective is the same in French as in English, that is, 



* The rule with regard to the object of verbs is equally imperative. 

 We could not say in French, as in English, Every week I write letters TO, 

 and rectivt letters FROM, my brother. We must say, Every week I write 

 letters to my brother, and receive ome from him : Toutes let semaines 

 j'^cris des lettres a mon frcre, et j'en recou de lui. 



before the noon. Th*ae adjective* mut not be confounded 

 with the possessive pronouns [j 35, (2.)] : 



mes I My fatker, mother, and 



MOB pen, BUI mire et 

 own Boot arrives. 



92. REMARKS on TUB POMEMITI ADJ*CTIVM. 



(1.) It has been said [ 77, (9.)] that the French DM the 

 article instead of the possessive adjective, when alluding to the 

 parts of the body. This, however, most only take plaee where 

 the possession is otherwise sufficiently explained. We most 

 say, for instance, 



My tuad atktt (I SMW JMM > 

 tkttuad). 



Charlet kas brekr* kit arm. 



beoanso the possession is sufficiently explained by the pro* 

 nonns je in the first instance, and M in the second. Bat, we 

 must say, 



Je vois que mon bras nfle. 1 I tte that my arm nteUt. 



because without mon, the possessor of the arm would not b\ 

 indicated. 



(2.) The English expressions, a look of mine, a eourin of hit, 

 cannot bo translated literally into French. We must say nn 

 de mes amis, one of my friendt ; un de ses cousins, one of hit 



J-ai mal a la UU. 

 Charles t'est caa. ! le bras. 



Citmn et Carbon, un de ses 

 lieutenants, camperent sur 

 les bords du Tibre. VEKTOT. 



Ciniia and Carbo, a lieutenant oj 

 hit, encamped on the bankt of the 

 Tiber. 



(3.) In familiar or jocose style, we sometimes nse the posses- 

 sive pronoun, mien, tien, sien, without the article, to express 

 the same relation : 



A travers d'un mien prl, cer- 

 tain aeon passa, RACINE. 

 Un mien cousin est juge-maire. 

 LA FONTAINE. 



Through a meadow / 

 younj att patted. 



A eourin of mine u judge and 

 mayor. 



(4.) When the possessor is an inanimate object, the adjec- 

 tives son, sa, sea, leur, leurs can be placed before the object 

 possessed only when the possessor and the thing possessed 

 appear in the same clause : 



The country hat Hi pleasure*. 

 Thoie languages hare their 

 beauties. 



(5.) When the inanimate possessor is not the subject of the 

 clause in which the possession is expressed, but of a pre- 

 ceding one, the article and the relative pronoun en are used 



[40, (17.), 107]:- 



La campagne a 



Ces laugues ont leurs bcauU'a. 



That book it veil printed, <tt 

 paper (the paper of U) it excellent. 



I inhabit tht country; itt ylta- 

 turet (the pltaturtt of it) art with- 

 out number. 



Those languages art rurh, I ad- 

 mire thtir beauties (Oie beauties of 

 them). 



(6.) Exception: The possession may be expressed by son, 

 sa, ses, leur, leurs, although the possessor is not the subject of 

 the same clause, when the thing possessed is the complement of 

 a preposition : 



Ce livre eat bien iraprime, le 

 papier en est excellent. 



J'habito la campagne ; les ogr^- 

 ments en sont sans nombre. 



Ces lanijues sont riches, j'en 

 admire les beaut. : s. NOEL. 



Paris est uno ville remarquable ; 

 les Strangers admirent la beauW 

 do ses c.htii.vs. NOIL. 



Pan* it a remarkable ciXy, for- 

 eignert admin the beauty of itt 

 tdijUet. 



93. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 



(1.) The cardinal number used simply to indicate number, 

 not order, precedes the noun. 



(2.) When nsed to indicate order [ 27, (3.)], the cardinal 

 number generally follows the noon, except when indicating 

 tho day of tho month [ 27, (1.)] : 



Leon dlX-Chapitre dlx. Leo (JU Ttn*.-CI*pttr torn. 



