LESSONS IN SPANISH. 



1CCK 33. 



1. Peter behaves himaeU wall 9. Thou behave* thy**lf wall. 

 3. They assembled (themaelve*) in Madrid. 4. Thou loveet tbyMilf. 

 5. The woman hid herself. 6. My 1 brother** j.roW them**!*** 1 . 

 7. I praise inynolf. 8. Wo arm ountolv. i mva behaved 



themaolves badly. 10. Ob tliat they would conduct thenuttlva* well t 

 II. Hid* thyself. 13. Save yourselves. 13. Praia* your.. 

 Thou jeatest. 15. The 1 *pring approach** 1 . 1. They complain. 

 17. Thou rejoioatt. 18. You 1 (K.) have' rien. : M , 

 (ntroeu) meddled in your (dt vmd.) attain (ojunio.. 



Instead of employing the auxiliary vorb ter (to be), a 

 participle of the verb agreeing wi- 



rofloctivo pronoun te it often uw ! nun Min^ulur 



and plural with the proper tono of tho aotivo v.-rk '1 

 may say, el libro ha nido hallu 



(literally, the book hat found itself), and both forma nr 

 rendered in English, {he book hat been fuvn-l. '1 

 very important rulo of Spanish grammar, and must 1 

 in mind by the student. 



VOCABULARY. 



Abrir. to open. Doblar, to double, to Llonar. fojfll. 



Botella, bottl*. increaee. 1'rofecla, prophtc'j. 



Clamor, noise, clamour. Engauar, (o deceive. Puorta, dooc. 

 Contiuuar, to contintw. Escuela, chool. Usar, 



Creer, to btlitw, to Humo, mofc. Von- 1- 



think. Llamor, to call, name. 



In many of tho following sentences the nominutivu will IHJ 

 found placed after tho verb, this being a very common order of 

 construction in Spanish, especially in sentences in which se, 

 with tho active vorb, is used in place of tho passive verb. 



EXERCISE 34. SPANISH-ENGLISH. 



1. Esta mugor so llama Maria. 2. So cree. 3. Este vino so vondo 

 a tres pesos la botella. 4. So enagaiia V. 5. <j Qud libros so usan en 

 esa escuela ? 6. Las botellas so llonardu de ilgua. 7. So llcno toda 

 la ciudad do humo. 8. Aquf so habla el Frances. 9. So abriri la 

 puerto. 10. Las casas so quomaron. 11. Aquf se vonden libros. 

 12. Se cumplcn las profecias. 13. Este hombre so llama Pedro. 



EXERCISE 35. ENGLISH-SPANISH. 



1. Here French is spoken. 2. Knock (Hanuia), and it shall be 

 opened to yon. 3. The clamour is doubled. 4. Are gold pens used ? 

 5. The bottles will be filled with (de) wine. 6. The house will bo filled 

 with smoke. 7. Tho doors, will be opened. 8. The prophecy is ful- 

 filled. 9. The houses aro burned. 10. Here books are sold (pres.). 

 11. This wine is sold at two shillings a bottle. 12. The letter will be 

 continued. 13. All the gates were opened (perf. def.). 



The passive verb is sometimes formed by the auxiliary verb 

 estar, instead of ser ; as, el caballo esta lastimado, the horse is 

 injured; la casa esta mal construida, the house is badly built. 



Verbs aro conjugated interrogatively, by placing tho pronoun 

 after tho verb ; and negatively, by placing tho adverb no before 

 tho verb ; as 



i Amo yo ? lave 11 or do I love 1 \ El no come, he docs not eat. 



If an objective pronoun cbmo before tho verb, the negative 

 no is then placed immediately before such pronoun ; as 



j No lo habeis oido ? have ye not I To no le vi, I taw him not. 



heard it T 



One of tho most important rules in Spanish syntax is that by 

 which a noun in the objective case, if it bo a person, or inani- 

 mate thing personified, and tho direct object of a verb, is to be 

 preceded by tho proposition d. Thus " John loves his brother " 

 would bo in Spanish, Juan ama a. su hermano, and not Juan 

 ama su hermano; "Peter slew the barber" would IM 

 mato al barbero,* and not Pedro mato el barbero. 



EXERCISE 36. SPANISH-ENGLISH. 



1. El padre ama i BUS hijos. 2. El nitklico saua a los enfermos. 

 S Perdouamos a nuestros deudores. 4. Dioa ama a los quo 

 eon buenos. 5. Ella tema al Americano. 6. El juez perdono al 



* This rule applies only to rational beings or personified objects ; 

 thus we cannot say, atno d la verdad, but amo la verdad, " I love the 

 truth." 



bombre que robo al padre d Pedro.' 7. Ill criado mau, * 

 u padre. & P*rdoo4 todo* mU doudore*. 9. Pedro BM MM 

 eomo i an hermano. W. VttUiwmo* al 

 11. Bnnnme*j*r*- al 40* a* boon. 



19. I was drinking wine. 2 

 writing a latter. '.'2. Thou 

 repoae. 24. He travelled 1 

 tho United States. 26. J< 

 Wo drank wine and milk, 

 twelve letters. 31. They 1 

 haa refused me tbut favour. 



EXBBCUB 87. 



1. We honour the Jd*e. 1 Thi* Jodf* fear* not Ood. 8. 

 my debtor*. 4. They called the painter*. ft. The pby*Man wfll heal 

 many nick (JUMPM). C They rooted UM rrnimm whom w ia*ul*l 

 7. Honour ye your p***ntr*fdrw). 8. I love MM* UM IOTHO) a 

 father. 9. Tba ladlM will reward OMIT taaal* a^raeto. 



I3M IS LB880KS IX SPANISH. XH. 

 EXEUCIIB 80. 



1 iod love* us. 2. The painter* love her. 3. The Own** 

 truth. 4. They remain ooateted. 5. Yon *eak repoee. 0. 

 rwnaiaeat *ad. 7. Ye speak Emrlinb. . The French**** doe* nut eat 

 bread. 9. My brother* do no* drink wine. 10. Yon eat notliing. 11. Y* 

 drink nothing. 12. Mary write* fetter*. 13. Y* write many Utter*. 14. 

 HMlB******H*i . U ' How do you like (find) thi* bread T 18. Mary 



0. Jame* ws* drinking water. 21. I was 

 mat living in Madrid. 28. I wa* seeking 

 hrough Spain. 25. I travelled through 

 rim wept. 27. I read the** book*. 28. 

 . I wrote two letter*. 80. They wrote 

 iave refused him that favour. 88. John 

 33. Hast thou travelled through Spain T 

 ! you not eaten bread? 35. I have eaten much broad, 

 idgo arrived? 37. Have you found my lamp*? 88. 

 Have you travelled through the United State* ? 39. Till then we bad 

 not terminated our business. 40. Hadst thou not already lived in 

 London ? 41. When I had found the treasure I wrote letter* to my 

 friends. 42. When we had spoken, our sisters wept. 43. We ahall 

 travel through England. 44. I ahall eat thi* bread. 45. They will 

 eat apple*. 46. They will write letter*. 47. My manservant will carry 

 the letter* to the poet. 48. They will have arrived at three o'clock. 

 49. Weep with those who weep. 50. Eat thia bread. 51. FuMU 

 your promises. 52. Eat tbou with me. 53. Eat thou with Peter. 

 54. Let the ladies read those book*. 55. Bead thia letter. 56. Speak 

 Spanixh. 57. Do not speak of thi*. 58. Thou maye*t not drink wine. 

 59. Ye may not weep. 60. It is possible that thou mar eat find a treasure. 

 61. It is probable that they may not fulfil their duties. 62. Oh that 

 ye may find repose ! 63. If Mary should weep, John would weep. 64. 

 Oh that men would fulfil their duties 1 65. It is possible that they may 

 not have found a treasure. 66. Oh that I had not spoken 1 67. If John 

 had not spoken, Mary would not have wept. 68. If they ahall find a 

 treasure to-morrow, they will write to ua. 69. Permit me to read 

 that book. 70. It was necessary to apeak to them. 71. They were 

 eating and drinking. 72. Having found a treasure in the road, we 

 carried it in the lawyer's house. 



EXERCISE 31. 



1. Yo lloro. 2. Mi madre bnsca repoao. 3. Ella no halla repoao. 

 4. Hablan. 5. Hablas. 6. Lloran. 7. < Hablan rat*. Eapaaol I 8. 

 Hablamos Espanol. 9. No hallo reposo. 10. Bebea vino. 11. Bebo 

 agua. 12. Coino pan. 13. Juan lee libros. 14. Leen libro*. 15. 

 j No respondea nada ? 16. Bebemo* vino. 17. Bebeia afna. 18. El 

 medico vive en Loudrea. 19. Mi* hijas riven en lo* Estado* Unido*. 

 20. Cumples tu palabra. 21. Cnmplo mi* deberea. 22. TJevabamoa 

 mucho dinero. 23. Las sen ores bnscaban repoao. 24. To Uoraba. 

 25. Comiamos pan. 26. Vivian en Londre*. 27. Viviaia en la ciudad. 

 28. Kscribiamoa cnrtas. 29. La Franceaa no hallu repoao. 30. Via- 

 jamos por Iiiglaterra. 31. Hallaron un tesoro en el f"^*^ 82. 

 i.'.ii:iii IMU y uianteca. 33. Comieron azucar. 34. Joan no reapondki 

 ..1. vivio en Madrid. 36. He haDado mis teaoro*. 37. 

 j Ha llegado el correo? 33. Hemoa hallado laa coehara*. 39. j Le 

 habois rehusado ese favor? 40. He cumplido mi palabra. 4L Han 

 cuinplii.lo sii palabra. 42. j Has comido mucho mielT 43. Hasta en- 

 tonocs habiais bablado Espauol. 44. Ya habian comido cnando Degamoa. 

 45. Hasta entonces habian vivido en paz. 46. Cuando hubiite comido, 

 tu padre llego. 47. Viajare' por Eapaua. 48. Hallara un teaoro. 40. 

 Looras esos libros. 50. Cumpliremoa nueetra* palabna. 5L Hftbn 4 

 comido & las do*. 52. El corno habia llegado & ha do*. 53. Bebad 

 agua. 54. Vivid en paz con todos loa hombre*. 55. Lea Maria mi* 

 cartas. 56. Cumplan lo* hombre* su* daberes. 57. Coma V. i*ant*na* 

 y peras. 58. Lean vms. eaa carta. 59. No lea vmd. eee libro. . 

 Eespondedme. 61. Eacribidlea. 62. Eacribanoe, 63. Ea po*ihlc 

 que lean esoe libra*. 64. Probable en qne elk no le responda. O. Si 

 yo hallaae libroe, yo lo* leeria. 66. ; Ojola ! no bebieven vino ! 67. 

 Ojala no llorase ! 68. Precise era que Maria no habto*e alto. 99. 

 Es poeible que no haya llegado. 70. Era eatrauo qne no bnbieaen 

 hallado esos libros. 71. Si manana Ilegare Pedro, to eacribir*. 72. 

 i Me pennitira V. leer eaa carUf 73. Juan pretende no habar h*bl*4o. 

 74. Habiendo ballado un librc le lei. 



