



Nil. PA. Quam vollom. Cu. Nuno to per amicitiam ot 



per amorem obsecro, 

 Prinoipio ut no ducaa. PA. Dabo eqoidom operam. ' 



i i'l noil potest, 

 Aut tibi nujitiiu hoi sunt cordi. PA. Cordi ? 



NOTES. 



5. Kilopol. A form of oath, used merely to intensify a remark 

 (lit. '':/ r;" T); frequently the monosyllable j>ol is u*o<l. 



.in i,l, etc. Since what you iruh/or u an impOMiMUly, that you 

 i.-.- nji i/ur in:i-.,l !> pOMtbtttiut. 



: utihiosis. ^Vouwrtnmy<xma4tiOMyoui00MUU(ia(d(/rrii(lir. 

 Age, OKO, ut lubot. A simple form of acquiescence, WM, n<U, 04 you 

 anil. 

 Bed Putn]>hilum. Here his supposed rival appears on the stage. 



u,l l.ic atfit This is said by BjrrrhU hi on " aside." HTwt doM 

 hi moan by mailing etvry at 



rodo impetrabo. I tnut I ihall obtain /rom Mm. This ii of 

 course a construction not allowable in Brood Latin. The natural con- 

 struction would bo credo me tmjxtraturunv M. 



14. Id ali.juia. ThattometMng fo taiiu o/nuaiu nothing 



15. Adeouo. A tort of deliberative prevent which seems to point to 

 a nearer object than the future, adibo. 



17. Soelus. For scelesto. Scoundrel. 



18. Charinum. Paiujiliilus at this point catches light of his friend. 

 20. Pol. See note on line 5. 



24. Haut mecum sentit. Hi* tastt di/ertfrom, nine. 



26. Quam Tellein, sc. f uisso. How I with there had been. 



28. Tibi suut cordi. Cordi esse alicul means to le j>I*uant to any 

 OIM. Pamphilus contemptuously repeats the word, pleatant indeed ! 



In tho following extract, taken from tho " Phormio," Demipho 

 whose eon, Antipho, has married without his father's consent 

 gives vent to his indignation, to tho amusement of Phaedria, 

 his nephew, and the slave Goto, who are overhearing him un- 

 seen, and throw in an occasional " aside." 



PHOBMIO, ACT II., Sc. 3, 1. 1 1C. 



DEMIPHO. GETA. PH.VDUIA. 



DE. Itano tandem uxorein duxit Antipho injussu moo ? 

 Neo rucuin impcriuni : ao initto imperium : non simultatem 



meam 



Eevereri saltern ? non pndere ? O facinus andax, O Gota 

 Monitor. GE. Yix tandem. DE. Quid mini dicont P Aut 



quam causam reperient ? 

 Demiror. GE. Atqui reperi jam : aliud cura. DE. An hoo 



dicot mihi P 5 



Invitua foci ; lex ccogit. Audio. Fateor. GE. Places. 

 DE. Yemm scientem, taciturn, causam tradere adversariis, 

 Etiam idno lex coegit ? GE. Illud durum. PH. Ego expe- 



diain : sine. 

 DE. Incertnm 'st, quid agam ; qnia prater spom, atque in- 



credibile hoc mi obtigit : 

 Ita sum inritatus, animum ut nequeam ad cogitandum in- 



stituere. 10 



Quamobrem omnes, cum secundaa rea sunt maxume, turn 



maxumo 

 Meditari socum oportet, quo pacto advorsam aeruinnam 



forant. 



Pericla, damna, oxilia peregre rediens semper cogitot, 

 Aut fili poccatum, aut uxoris mortem, ant morbum filiffl : 

 Communia osso hsec : ne quid horum umqnam accidat animo 



novom. 15 



Quicquid praetor spem eveniat, omno id deputore osse in lucro. 



1. Itauo tandem. An expression of surprise and indignation. What 

 forsooth f 



2. Imperium. Tho vow which denoted supreme military power is 

 here to signify the absolute control, jiafria potestaa, given by tho 

 Eomiui law to a father over his own son, which amounted even to a 

 power of life and death. 



3. O Geta monitor ! Apostrophising the slave whom he thinks ab- 

 sent, and to whom he had entrusted the care of his son. Geta, a fine 

 mentor, truly. The slaves were frequently called by the name of the 

 tribe from which they had been taken. Geta is one of the Gets or 

 Tlirucian tribe on the Danube. Davus is said to be the same word as 

 Dacus, one of a tribe inhabiting the modern Transylvania. 



4. Yix tandem. The slave, hearing his name mentioned, remarks 

 aside, At last he has thought of me. Supply mei mcmintt. 



5. Aliud cura. Lit. Think of nomething else. Hake yotir mind o>y. 



7. Causam tradere, etc., to allow oneself to be beaten. 



8. Illud durum. Phtedria feels that this is an unanswerable argu- 



nrat, bat (Ma ooaaoUs kiss with the res-ark, "I'll grtowritt 

 it to BM.~ 



6. Bpem is used to ifuifjr UM wpuUtion of evil is well M U hop* 

 of (food, so Dido in Vlrrfl. " <Ka.id." iv. 419, 

 M HAM eco si petal Untum prsr 



1S. Pentra redtens. R*wn*M frvm/inif* tmtti, 



i M. UMd wiUi .juld. to follow. cicalAM s iwrposw B*stir*d. 



TRANSLATION OF EXTRACT IL IN LAST HEADISO. 



PLAUTVI, "TKIMUMML-I," ACT IV., Be. 1 

 Cuuc. To Ni>tun, potoBt o'er tiw d*cp sjd BOB* powwrfal. fhs) 

 brother of sitharaal JOT*, Joyotuly amd taomljr do I prasfcr yiiiis^ 

 and return mjr t^aUful thauks i to UM salt waves, too, with whos la/ 

 vprm power over tnysolf OM, too, that czkud over my 

 and my life, - iunamuch as from their realms they have 

 safe and sound even to my own native city. And, Kept* 

 other Deities, do I both five sad return to TOO < 



all people talk of yon ss being cruel and severe, of 



filthy, unsightly, unendurable, and oatrafeoas ; OS) the 



have experienced your kindly aid. For, in food sooth, I htws fond 



you mild and merciful upon the dep, even to that decree that I 



PNEUMATICS. VI 



MANOMETER AIB-ODN AIE THERMOMETER EXPASfBIOtf OF 

 OASIS BY HIAT CO-EFFICIENT OF KXPANHOX. 



IN conducting the experiments referred to in oar last lesson, 

 allowance must be made for the increase of temperature in the 

 gas caused by the condensation. It should, therefore, be 

 allowed to cool to its original temperature before the measure- 

 ment is taken. We may state, then, generally that the volume 

 of a gas varies inversely as the pressure. The importance of 

 knowing this is great, for, as the pressure of the air is con- 

 tinually changing, a given weight of any gas will occupy more 

 space at one time than at another. Hence, in all experiment* 

 with gases, the pressure as shown by a barometer has to be 

 noted. As wo have already stated, 30 inches is taken M 

 the standard height ; if, then, we have an amount of any gas 

 which occupies, say, 230 cubic inches when the barometer 

 stands at 28*90, we must find how much space it would occupy 

 when the pressure is increased to 30 inches, and this we can 

 easily do by the following equation : 



As 30 : 28-90 : : 230 : 221-56 cubic inches. 



This, then, is the space which the gas would occupy when the 

 barometer stands at 30. 



When we speak of a pressure of BO many atmospheres, it 

 must be remembered that by an atmosphere is meant a pressure 

 of 30 inches of mercury ; and as a cubic inch of mercury weighs 

 0*491 lb., the pressure on a square inch is 30 x 0*491 Ib. = 

 14731bs. We can thus easily solve questions like the 

 following : 



What is the pressure on a portion of the surface of a boiler 

 measuring 3 inches each way, when the steam has a tension of 

 4 i atmospheres P 



The pressure on each square inch is equal to the weight of 

 4| x 30, or 135 inches of mercury, and the surface has an area 

 of 9 square inches ; the total pressure, therefore, amounts to 

 135 x 9 x 0*491 lb. = 596*565 Ibs. 



In many operations it is important to have some means of 

 measuring the pressure exerted by a gas or vapour, and tho 

 instruments employed for this end are called manometers. In 

 nearly all of these the pressure of tho atmosphere is taken as 

 the unit. The pressure-gauge of a steam-engine is merely 

 one form of this instrument. 



The most common manometer is that which acts by means 

 of compressed air. It consists of a small vessel of mercury 

 with a tube closed at the upper end dipping down into it. This 

 vessel is so placed that the surface of the mercury is exposed to 

 the pressure which wo want to measure, and as this increases 

 the mercury is forced up into the tube, compressing the air 

 above it, and indicating the pressure by a scale marked at the 

 side of the tube. The graduations on tho scale are not equi- 

 distant, that marked 2 being at the middle, that marked 3 one- 

 third of the height from the top, and eo on. Sometimes, instead 



