LESSONS IN LATIX. 



From those instance, it appears that 



in the superlative degree, numeral a<ljective$, and 

 '* i if (in...,/, govern noun* in the genitive. 

 1, Hi iii K:i;:li.-,h, MO iii Latin, all partitives govern 

 gonitivo. Accordingly, an adjective in tho comparative degree 

 may have * genitive dependent on it ; as 



Fratrum tuorum, soror, sum major natu. 

 / am the older of thy (two) broihere, litter. 



An adjective in tho comparative degree take* after it a noon 



or I'lMiK-ii.'i in tho ablative j as 



iior eat muller marito. 

 The \c\Jt it more worthy than hr htutand. 



Instead of the ablative you may, by employing </uam, pot the 

 same case after the verb a* it has beforo it ; 



Digulor eat mulier quam maritue. 



DiyiitorcM caao muiierem </uurn murituw conflrmo. 



4. An adverb may govern a noon : for example 



Oallua miurime omnium nobtlium Graocis littoria atuduit. 

 OoHiu eludurd Greek mott of all the noblet. 

 JiiRtitia niltil oxpotit prwmii. 

 Justice <ekt no reward. 



The general fact may be stated thus : 



/ quantity, and some adverbs of place, govern 

 nouns in the genitive case. 



Maxime, which governs omnium nobtlium, is an adverb ol 

 quantity. Niltil, which governs prarmii (literally, nothing of 

 reward), is an adverb of quantity ; nihil might bo considered as 

 an indeclinable noun ; then tho instance would fall under the 

 rule " One noun governs another in the gonitivo case." 



Aa an example of an adverb of place governing the genitive, 

 take this : 



Vbi gentium sumus ? 



Where in the world are ice 7 



To this category may be referred auch phrases as 



Eo impudentuB processit ; 



He went to inch a pitch of impudence ; 



where impudentice is a genitive governed by the adverb of 

 place, eo. Similar is the form tune tomporis, then of time, at 

 that time. 



Among adverbs governing a genitive, it is usual to place 

 yratid, causd, etc., but these are really nouns in the ablative ; 

 ergo, which governs a genitive, is also a (Greek) noun in the 

 ablative ; and instar (after the manner of), classed among tho 

 adverbs that govern the genitive, is an indeclinable noun 

 which signifies outline, likeness. 



VOCABULARY. 



EXERCISE 182. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Nullum maluin est vebementiua et iiuportuuius quam invidia. 

 2. Quid coelati argenti, quid stra^ularuin, quid pictarum tabula- 

 rum apud ilium pututis esse '? 3. Ut uuiiuus corpore cst nobilior, ita 

 virtus proBsttmtior est robore et exterua specie. 4. Quanto lionesta 

 mors turpi vita est potior ! 5. Quotusquiaque pliiloaophorum eat 

 tecum ? 6. Tribuni legem promulguruut ut conaulus alter ex plebe 

 crearetur. 7. Eorum beneficiorum partim ejuamodi auut ut ad 

 universes civea pertineant, partim singuloa ut attingant. 8. Tibi 

 divitiiirum affatim est. 9. Terrorum et f raudia abunde eat 10. Tu 

 me aruoris magis quam honoris sorvavisti gratia ? 11. Simula bat so 

 se negotii gratia properare. 12. Ouiues dono militari virtutis ergo 

 donati aunt. 13. Unus ille dies mihi immortolitatia erat inatar, quo 

 iu patriam redii. 



EXERCISE 183. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. The king's wife is fair. 2. The king's wife is fairer than the 

 general's wife. 3. Which of the two ia the wiaer ? 1. Socrates ia the 

 wisest of mortals. 5. What bread (what of bread) boat thou ? 6. To 

 such a pitch of madneas has he proceeded, that all men call him a 

 fool. 7. The soldiers came on account of tho war. 8. For tho honour 

 f tho general, rewards have been given to each of the soldiers. 9. I 

 have enough of books. 10. That book ia to me as good u (inetar) 

 all books. 



5. Government may also take place by mei 

 The signification of Latin preposition., and the oases vhioa 

 they require, have been generally spoken of ia I issnai i 

 I- (VoL IL, page 150). 



The snbjeot is hen referred to ia order that the stsvdeat awy 

 have under his eye at once a complete view of what ia Latia 

 i. involved in government. A few remarks and mamlsi of a 

 critical kind may be added ben, if only to renew the nadir's 

 impression, and aid ia presenting to his mind, forenuaent as 

 - 



to place. Other 

 L <- 



Proposition., oriffinaUy, bar* 

 reference, am derivative. '* 



the dUtiiiotion. and definition, which in Latin am in 



way indicated by the obliqoe oa.ee, that u, all the nin bat 



the nominative. Thu, we may iay, venator boo looo, * MOM 



about in thi$ placet but if we wish to mark the epot more par- 



ticularly, we ay, vermatur in bio nrbe, he movn abotU in (Me 



city. 



The usage, of proportions in Latin an very varion. ; they 

 can .caroely be reduced to rule, nor can aome of them be 

 explained on general principle.. There U no neooree bat to 

 study separate instance., and, while imitating them, uLmm 

 and apply the general doctrine, already set forth. 



The relation of a substantive to a substantive, which ia 

 expressed in English by the preposition of, as, th head o/ the 

 man, the word* of the book, is in Latin expressed not by a pre- 

 position, but by the genitive case, aa, hominis oapot; verba 

 libri. There are instances in which the noon has a Jrf<i of 

 verbal force, and so dispenses with the use of prepositions. 

 Thus, we find in good authorities these examples : 

 Manaio Formiia, UH (ay at Pormia. 

 Befrigeratio aMtate, eooUny tn m- 



mer. 



In other instances prepositions are used with verbal nouns, 



Civile beDo victor, oMtpufvr u UU 

 ctril tear. 



Beditas in ccalum, return to hearen. 

 Adventus ad urbem, approach to 



OK city. 

 Deapectu. in mare, th look-down 



into the *ea. 



Bxcessus e vita, departure from lift. 

 Ex Italia itinera in Macedonian!, 



Cutraad Bafimaam, tiU <xmf Mar 



Casari. ia Hlepanit res 



C<aar" eucce** in Qfatn. 

 Omnea ante Socratem p 



oli the pkOotophm btfort Soent 

 Ex India 

 Mas. 





the wat/s from Italy into Mace- 

 donia. 



Let the following examples of the use of prepositions be 



carefully observed and followed : 



^B. Ab equitatu flrmus, strong in cavalry. 



AD. Mihi ad forum negotinm ert, I hate bunnee* in the market; ad 

 verbum ediacere, to learn word for word. 



LPUD. Cceuam apud villam dat, he give* a dinner party at hi* *OU. 



DE. Malus poeta de populo, a bad poet from among the peopU ; de 

 geuere summo adolescens, a youth of the highest promiee ; altenua 

 de duobus, one of two; metus de summi rerum, f tar for the general 

 tafety. 



3. Menace Delphicse e marmore, Delphic tablet* of marblt. 



SBOA. Merita Plancii erga me, Planciue'e men't toward me. 



2x. Ex adolescentia, from (since) the period of youth; diem ex die, 

 from day to day ; vir ex doctrina clarua, a man renowned/or burning 

 aigna ex asre, standards made of braee ; aoror ex matre, a aister on 

 the mother'e side; ira ex hie clade, anger anting from that dtftat. 



u . Bellum in Bomanoa, war against the Komans ; imperinm in His- 

 pauium, command over Spain; ter in anno, thrice a year; in aram 

 coufugit, he fled to the altar; to inritavit in poaterum diem, ht 

 invited thetfor the nzt day; in die. singuloa, every day. 



'EE. Si per me licuisset, if I had allowed ; per deos te oro, I entreat 

 thee by the gods. 



'a*. Pr nobis beatna, happier than we. 



'RJETK&. Pneter consuetudinem, beyond what u usual; prsHer spent 

 mora, unexpected delay. 



'BO. Pro curia, in front of the senate-house; pro dignitate landare, to 

 praise con/ormably to dignity. 



vs. Sub dio, in the open air; sub eritu anni. at the end of the year. 



SB. Vulnu. auper vulnua, wound upon wound ; mulU super Priamo 

 rogitana, osl-ing many question* reepecting Priam; n\pr vinam et 

 epulan, at the ban/juet ; nocto auper media, at midnight. 

 Tnrcs. Verbo tonus, to far at the word wa concerned. 



If yon diligently study these instances, and tho 

 hich follow, you will readily see how conducive to a correct 

 knowledge of Latin ia an exact and familiar acquaintance with 

 the import of its prepositions. You will also learn that the 

 primitive meaning of a preposition, as represented in *VgK*' J 

 has occasionally to undergo considerable variations. The 



