404 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



proper meaning of the preposition in, for instance, is with the 

 accusative toward; but, consistently with English usages, it 

 can by no means be always so rendered. The preposition de, 

 too, denotes motion in a downward direction ; but consult the 

 examples, and you will find other meanings must be employed 

 as due representatives of de in our language. Often, indeed, 

 both in regard to prepositions and other words, you must, if 

 you would intelligibly convey the sense of the original, depart 

 considerably from a literal rendering. A perfect translation 

 adheres as closely to the original, both in words and in struc- 

 ture, as a full regard to the idiom of the language into which 

 you are translating will allow. 



Some of the prepositions are obviously compounds. Thus 

 inter (between) is made up of in and ter ; so prceter consists 

 of prce and ter ; propter (propiter) comes from prope and ter ; 

 subter is suit and ter} also, circiter is circa, and the same 

 adverbial ending, ter. I give instances of the use of these 

 compounds : 



Inter. Inter anna silent leges. 



Prceter. Prseter oram Hetrusci maris Neapolim transmisit. 



Propter. Vulcanus tenuit insulas propter Siciliam. 



Subter. Plato iram et cupiditatem subter pnecordia locavit. 



Circiter. Caesar circiter meridiem exercitum in castra reduxit. 



Some prepositions are occasionally used as adverbs ; such as 

 ante, near; procul, at a distance; juxta, on one side, alike; 

 infra, below ; supra, above ; ultra, beyond ; intra, within ; extra, 

 without, on the outside; contra, over against; circa, round 

 the exterior; ante, in front ; retro, backwards. 



EXERCISE 184. LATIN-ENGLISH. 



1. Coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo. 2. Semel in 

 vita risit M. Crassus. 3. Pausanias ceperat complures Persarum 

 nobiles, atque in his nonnullos regis propinquos. 4. In Epaminondee 

 virtutibus commemoratur, saltasse eum commode. 5. Loquutus est 

 in noctem atque etiam nocte, illatis lucernis. 6. In crastinum differo 

 res serias. 7. Crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus. 8. Gallia 

 est omnis divisa in partes tres. 9. Mihi est in mente. 10. Mini 

 venit in mentem. 11. Legiones sub armis habuit. 12. Ssepe est sub 

 palliolo sordido sapientia. 13. Magna mei sub terras ibit imago. 14. 

 Captives sub jugum misit. 15. Sub ipsa manna progress! sunt. 16. 

 Sub Hannibale magistro belli artes edoctus est. 17. Excesserunt urbe 

 sub adventn Eomanorum. 18. Sub heec dicta ad genua Marcelli pro- 

 cubuerunt. 19. Grues dormiunt capite subter alam condito. 20. 

 Consi'l equo citato subter muros hostinm ad cohortes advebitur. 21. 

 Super tabernaculum Darii imago solis fulgebat. 22. Domes super se 

 ipsos concremaverunt. 23. Eequievit fronde super viridi. 24. Super 

 ripas Tiberis effusus erat. 25. Super coenam de ejus nequitia loque- 

 bantur. 26. Nemo eorum redierat, qui super tali causa missi erant. 

 27. Hac super re scribam ad te. 28. Ante et pone movetur. 29. Post 

 me erat JEgiua, ante Megara. 30. Ingredi ante non retro jussit. 31. 

 Si fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul. 32. Hostes ad Csesarem 

 legates de pace tniserunt. 33. Ut jugulent homines surgunt de nocte 

 latrones. 34. De quarta vigilia castra movet. 35. Darius ex Asia in 

 Europam exercitum trajecit. 36. Coloniam ex hostibus eripuit. 37. 

 Tanta repente vilitas annonas ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumen- 

 tariaa consecuta est. 38. Diem ex die expectabam. 39. Homo ex 

 animo constat, et corpore caduco et infirmo. 40. Majores ex minima 

 republica maximam nobis reliquerunt. 41. Amicitias, inimicitiasque 

 non ex re sed ex commodo eestimant mali. 42. Hercules prsa se ar- 

 meutum agebat. 43. Solem prte jaculorum multitudiue non videre 

 possum. 44. Ceesar pro castris suas copias produxit. 45. Hoc non 

 mpdo non pro me, sed contra me est potius. 46. Cato est mihi unus 

 pro multus milibus. 47. Huic ille pro meritis gratiam retulit. 48. 

 Helvetii pro multitudine hominum, et pro gloria belli angustos se 

 fines habere arbitrabantur. 49. Commodius fecissent, si, quee apud vos 

 de me deferunt, ea coram potius, me prsesente, dixissent. 50. Eeli- 

 quos cum custodibus in cedem Concordio3 venire jubet. 51. Ipse 

 magna cum cura et diligentia scripsit. 52. Multa hie sine Alcibiade 

 gessit. 53. Pompeius summos honores sine ulla commendatione 

 majorum est adeptus. 54. Aqua fluminis erat pectoribus tenus aucta. 

 55. Veteres verbo tenus acute de republica disserebant. 56. Quis 

 toto mari locus per hos annos tarn firmum habuit preesidium? 57. 

 Cujus furta atque flagitia non in Sicilia sclum sed in Achaia, Asia, 

 Cilicia, Pamphylia, denique ante oculos omnium, maxima turpissi- 

 maque cognovimus esse. 58. Hie sunt reliquse ex Italia legiones. 

 59. Liber qui est de natura deorum a me lectus est totus. 60. Prajlium 

 ad Zamam commissum fuit sanguineum. 61. Ex prselio nuncius venit 

 ad te. 62. Supplicia patrum in plebem, plebis in patres atrocia 

 fuerunt. 63. Evolve eum librum qui est de animo. 64. Oratio prima 

 in Catilinam a Cicerone habita est pulchra et potens. 



EXERCISE 185. ENGLISH-LATIN. 



1. Cffisar spoke for several hours. 2. The sun shines (during) the 

 whole day. 3. He is in England. 4. He goes into England. 5. Thy 



crimes are before the eyes of all nations. 6. These legions have come 

 from Italy. 7. The battle fought near the city was bloody. 8. I 

 have written a book on laws. 9. Cicero wrote a book on the republic. 

 10. In Aristotle, I read many true things. 11. We have no hope of 

 a return to the country. 12. Yesterday I wrote till ten o'clock. 13. 

 My love to thee is very great. 14. In Homer there are some things 

 which deserve blame. 15. The general halted at the fountain. 16. 

 Ceesar will pitch his camp near the wall. 17. The city is in the power 

 of bad men. 18. The fountain is between the stable and the house. 

 19. The dog is out of the stable. 20. The soldiers will make an attack 

 on (against) the wall. 21. I will be at thy house about noon. 22. 

 So far as I am concerned (per me), thou mayest go. 23. I have a 

 crown on my head. 24. Every day you become wiser and better. 25. 

 Under my teacher I have learnt many things. 26. Do souls go under 

 the earth ? 27. Souls ascend into heaven. 28. The city speaks of 

 his wickedness. 29. I will send a letter to thee. 30. My mother 

 has sent a messenger to me. 31. Among these books there is no one 

 for thee. 32. The shepherd drives his flock before him. 33. This 

 statue is of brass, that of silver. 



TERMS USED IN COMMERCE. IY. 



DOUCEUR. A gratuity given for the exercise of any influence 

 on behalf of the donor. 



DRAFT. A term applied to both bills and cheques ; also an 

 allowance made in weighing certain articles of merchandise. 



DRAWBACK. The amount of duty refunded upon the exporta- 

 tion of excisable articles, or upon the re-exportation of foreign 

 goods on which duty has been paid. 



DRAWER. The person drawing a bill upon another, who is 

 called the Drawee. 



DUNNAGE. Any articles used in stowing a ship's cargo, for 

 the purpose of protecting it from damage. Dunnage is also 

 required for trimming a ship laden with heavy goods (such as 

 iron, etc.), by slightly raising the cargo. 



DUTCH AUCTION. The plan of offering articles at nominal 

 prices somewhat above their value, and gradually lowering them 

 until accepted, the person who first assents becoming the 

 purchaser. 



DUTIES. Taxes or imposts of any kind upon merchandise or 

 manufactures, payable either through Customs or Excise. 



EFFECTS. Personal or movable goods. 



ELEGIT. A writ commanding the goods of a debtor to ba 

 taken in execution, but not to be sold. The creditor remains in 

 possession till satisfied, during which time he is tenant by 

 elegit. 



EMBARGO. An order arresting the sailing of a ship or the 

 removal of property. 



EMBEZZLEMENT. The fraudulent appropriation by clerks or 

 others of cash or goods placed by the employer in their care, or 

 received by them on his account. 



EMPORIUM. A principal place or mart for the purchase and 

 sale of certain merchandise. 



ENDOWMENT. A fixed sum, payable at the end of a certain 

 number of years, in the event cf a person surviving the given 

 time. 



ENGROSS. To buy up in large quantities, so as to raise the 

 price of the goods bought, and to sell at a profit. Also, in law, 

 to copy in a large fair hand. He who does so is called an 

 Engrosser, and the act is termed Engrossing, or an Engrossment. 



ENTREP6T. An intermediate port or trade, or warehouse for 

 the temporary reception of merchandise in transitu. 



ERRATUM. An error or mistake. Plural, Errata. 



ET CETERA (&c. or etc.). And so on. 



EVICTION. The loss caused to the buyer of anything in con- 

 sequence of its being proved to belong to a third party. 



EVIDENCE. The proof of anything. 



EXCHANGE. A term denoting the transactions by which 

 persons in one country liquidate their debts with those resident 

 in another, by the purchase and remittance of orders to pay 

 debts owing in contrary directions ; these payments being col- 

 lected by the person to whom such order is sent. These orders 

 are termed Bills of Exchange, and the price at which they are 

 to be purchased is determined by the supply and demand, or 

 Course of Exchange. 



EXCHEQUER BILLS are promissory notes issued by authority 

 of Parliament, and represent the greater portion of the floating 

 or unfunded debt of this country. 



EXCISE. A tax or duty upon certain articles produced or 



