410 



THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. 



da-to i mie-i li-bri al le-ga-td-re di li-bri ? 

 inan-da-ti jc-ri. 



VOCABTJLAET. 

 at what 



22. Si, glie-li h6 



A the ora, 

 o'clock. 



Affligersi, to grieve. 



Anche, also, too. 



A una (ora), alle due, 

 ire, etc. (ore), at 

 one, at two, three, 

 etc., o'clock. 



Capire, to compre- 

 hend, understand. 



Carrozzc,, coach. 



Cldamarsi, to be called, 

 bear a name. [self. 



Coprirsi, to cover one's 



Coricarsi, to lie down, 

 go to bed. 



Cronestatte, Cronstadt. 



Diverlirsi, to divert, Proporsi (past part, 



amuse one's self. proposto), to make 



Fidarsi, to trust to, up one's mind, pro- 

 rely on. [perity. pose to one's self, 



Fortuna, fortune, pros- intend, resolve. 



Francesco, Francis. Biposarsi, to repose or 



Lavarsi,* to wash rest one's self, 



(one's self), [coat. Seruirsi,tomakeuseof. 



Mantello, cloak, great- Settimana, che iriene, 



Mattina, morning. next week, [truly. 



Homcnto, moment, Sinceramente.sincerely, 



instant. Stanchissimo, very tired 



Morte, death. Fan tarsi, to boast, 



Non ancora, not yet. pretend to. 



Ptii fardi di, later Festirsi.toput on one's 



than. clothes, dress (one's 



Promcssa, promise. self). 



EXERCISE 43. ITALIAN-ENGLISH. 



1. H n6-stro vi-ci-no si van-ta di ca-pir tut-to quel-lo cho ndi 

 par-lia-mo. 2. Mi-o zi-o ar-ri-ve-ra que-sta se-ra ; ndi ci di-ver- 

 ti-re-mo be-no. 3. Per-che vi af-flig-ge-te vdi ? 4. Mi af-flig-go 

 del-la m&r-te di mi-o cu-gi-no. 5. Ral-le-gra-te-vi, a-mi-ci, del 

 p6-co che a-ve-te ! 6. Non vi fi-da-te di lui. 7. Bi-cor-da-to-vi 

 del-la v6-stra pro-mes-sa. 8. Co-pri-te-vi col v6-stro man-tel-lo. 

 y. Mi ser-vi-ro dei v6-stri li-bri. 10. Si ser-va dei mie-i. 11. 

 Ndi ci ser-via-mo spes-so di que-sta car-r6z-za. 12. f-o mi 

 ve-sto. 13. Ve-sti-to-vi an-che. 14. Ndi ci ve-sti-re-mo piu 

 tar-di. 15. Fran-ce-sco, non ti la-ve-ra-i an-cd-ra ? 16. Mi 

 Ia-ve-r6 in que-sto mo-men-to. 17. A che d-ra vi le-va-te vdi 

 or-di-na-ria-men-te ? 18. Mi le-vo d-gni mat-ti-na al-le se"-i, o 

 mi co-ri-co al-le n6-ve. 19. Car-lo si le-ve-ra di-ma-ni al-le 

 quat-tro ; e-gli par-ti-ra per Cro-ne-stat-te. 20. Ci le-via-mo piu 

 tar-di di Le-i. 21. Al-tre-v61-to non ci le-va-va-mo co-si tar-di. 

 22. Ri-po-sa-te-vi un pd-co. 23. Mi ri-po-se-r6 un mo-men-to ; 

 ed-no stan-chis-si-mo. 24. Cd-me si chia-ma que-sto gid-va-ne ? 

 25. Cre-do, ch' e-gli si chia-mi Gn-gliel-mo. 26. Que-sti 

 si-gnd-ri si sd-no mdl-to di-Yer-ti-ti al bal-lo. 27. fis-si si ed-no 

 pro-pd-sti d' an-dar-vi an-che la set-ti-ma-na che vie-ne. 



VOCABULART. 



Ancora, yet, still. Disgrazia, misfortune, Quasi, almost, as if. 



Andarsene, t to go disaster. JRivenire, to return. 



away. ifaritarsi, to marry, Scwsarsi, to excuse 



Canto, singing, song. get married. one's self. 



Cercare.to seek, search. Nuova Jorlc, Neojorca, Snbito, immediately. 



Da gran tempo, long New York. Udirc, to hear. 



since. [wish. Osteria, inn, tavern, Voijliono, they are 



Desiderare, to desire, public-house. willing. 



EXERCISE 44. ITALIAN-ENGLISH. 



1. Si di-ce, che la si-gnd-ra Johnson si ma-ri-te-ra. 2. Al 

 can-to si co-nd-sco uc-cel-lo. 3. Si man-gia o si bo-ve be-no in 

 quest' o-ste-ri-a. 4. Si co-nd-sco-no gli a-mi-ci nel-le dis-gra-zio. 

 5. Si cer-ca qua-si sem-pre la for-tii-na, ddv" es-sa non e. 6. 

 In Eu-r6-pa si par-^a-no cin-quan-ta tre lin-gue. 7. A-ve-to vdi 

 u-di-to quel-lo, che si rac-cdn-ta d' u-na ra-gaz-za di Nuo-va 

 Jork (Neo-jor-ca) ? 8. Non se ne par-la piu. 9. Se ne par-la 

 da gran tem-po. 10. Che co-sa bi-sd-gna fa-re per im-pe-di-ro 

 u-na .tal dis-gra-zia ? 11. Bi-sd-gna sem-pre la-vo-ra-re ; non 

 bi-sd-gna es-ser pi-gro. 12. Bi-so-gne-ra a-vcr pa-zien-za. 13. 

 Che c6-sa fa fil-la ? 14. Bi-sd-gna ch' i-o scri-va. 15. Bi-so- 

 gna-va ch' i-o scri-ves-si u-na let-te-ra. 16. Vo-le-te ac-com- 

 pa-gnar-mi? 17. Me ne v6. 18. Se no va fil-la gia ? 19. 



* In Italian, a verb is generally made reflective when it denotes some 

 act performed by the ngent (or subject) on one part of himself : for 

 example, on a limb of his body, on a part of his dress, etc. The 

 English possessive pronouns, my, thy, his, etc., in such cases are 

 translated by the reflective or conjunctive pronoun and by the definite 

 article : for example, he cuts his hair, tgli si tdglia i capflli (i.e., he 

 cuts to himself the hair) ; I cut my nails, mi tciglio le ungliie (i.e., I 

 cut to myself the nails) ; I have hurt my hand, mi son fdtto male 

 alia mdno (i.e., I have done some harm to myself on the hand). 



t The irregular tenses of andare, to go, required for this exercise 

 tre as follow : 



Isn. Present. V6 (vado), vai, va ; andiamo, andate, vanno. 

 SUB. Present. Vada, vada, vada; andiamo, andiate, vadano, 



Future. Andro. 

 IMPERATIVE. Va, vada ; andiamo, andate, vadano. 



Bi-sd-gna ch' i-o me ne va-da. 20. La di Le-i ma-dre non se ne 

 va an-cd-ra. 21. Mi scu-si, mi-a ma-dre se n' & gia an-da-ta, ed 

 i mie-i fra-tel-li se ne an-dran-no su-bi-to. 22. A-spct-ti 

 an-cd-ra un mo-men-to ; ce ne an-dre-mo in-sie-me. 23. An-dii- 

 mo-ce-ne, si-gnd-ri. 24. Se fds-si ve-nii-to un p6-co piu tar-di, 

 sa-re-i ve-nii-to cdl-le vo-stre so-rel-le. 25. E-ra El-la in 

 chie-sa ? 26. Si; no son u-sci-to in que-sto mo-men-to. 



KEY TO EXEECISES IN LESSONS IN ITALIAN. XXXI. 

 EXERCISE 40. 



1. I take a walk every day at seven o'clock. 2. Thou dost not learn 

 anything ; thou art idle ; but thy sister always learns the rules well. 

 3. How much does a pair of gloves cost ? 4. These gloves cost two 

 shillings. 5. I have ordered you to fetch me my French book ; why 

 do you delay ? 6. Obedient children deserve the love of their parents. 

 7. A young child seldom reflects. 8. Some lose ; others gain. 

 9. These boys repeat their lesson while these girls prattle. 10. Old 

 people do not usually sleep as much time as young children. 11. Tlio 

 English scarcely open their mouth when they speak. 12. Anthonv 

 found a purse which contained several gold coins. 13. I used four 

 yards of cloth for this coat. 14. Thou art cheerful because the 

 master praised thee. 15. I played the pianoforte yesterday, and my 

 sister sang a new song. 16. We found him in his room with a book 

 in his hand. 17. My cousins dined at three because they were at the 

 concert. 



HEAT. III. 



LATENT HEAT OF WATER AND STEAM INFLUENCE OP 



PRESSURE ON THE BOILING POINT PAPIN'S DIGESTER 



DEW-POINT LUMINOUS EFFECTS OF HEAT MECHANICAL 

 EQUIVALENT OF HEAT. 



A SIMPLE experiment, which may easily be tried, will enable 

 us to determine exactly the quantity of heat which becomes 

 latent when ice is converted into water, or water into steam. 



Let a uniform source of heat be procured, and let a pound 

 of water be placed over it, so as to ascertain exactly the amount 

 which its temperature rises in a given time. Wo will assumo 

 that it is found to rise 10 in one minute. Now remove this 

 vessel, and substitute one containing a pound of ico at a tem- 

 perature below 32, and having a thermometer placed in it. 

 The temperature will rise to 32, and will remain at that point 

 a trifle over 14 minutes, at the end of which time the ice will 

 all be melted. Now in this time the amount of heat received 

 is evidently sufficient to raise a pound of water a little over 

 14x10, or say 142, yet the water is still only 32. This 

 amount of heat, then, has been rendered latent. 



Let the vessel still remain exposed to the heat, and in 18 

 minutes it will have attained the boiling point, for 18 X 10 

 + 32 = 212. Now, without disturbing anything, wait and 

 see how long elapses before it is entirely boiled away ; it will 

 be found to be about 95 minutes, or nearly 5^ times as long as 

 it took to rise from 32 to 212, and yet the temperature of 

 the steam has at no time exceeded 212. All this amount of 

 heat viz., 5j X 180, or nearly 1,000 has been rendered latent. 



We can, however, easily recover it by the arrangement shown 

 in Pig. 13. The steam given off is conducted by glass tubing 

 into a vessel, A, filled with a given weight, say 5^ Ibs., of water 

 at 32. After some time, the water in A will boil, and then ifc 

 will be found that the amount of water in it is just 6J Ibs., 

 showing that 1 Ib. of steam has been condensed, and the latent 

 heat of that was sufficient to raise the 5 Ibs. of water 180. 



It is this large amount of latent heat in steam that renders 

 it so useful as a heating agent, for it must be remembered that 

 heat cannot be destroyed or annihilated, but is rendered sensible 

 again when the steam becomes condensed. 



The great degree of heat to which the human body may be 

 exposed without danger has often excited much attention. 

 Meat and eggs have been cooked by being placed in a heated 

 room in which men have remained all the time, and suffered 

 no evil effects. The temperature of their bodies even has 

 scarcely been at all increased by the high temperature around 

 them. The reason of this is now, however, clear : the heat, 

 instead of being employed in raising the temperature of the 

 blood, is expended in preparing the perspiration and converting 

 it into vapour, and in this way the whole of it is expended. 

 The perspiration acts, in fact, as a natural safety-valve to regu- 

 late the temperature. 



