>SONS IN FREN' 



U(. 

 UJ. 



lili'je, iinj joy u jrat 

 ' i (i.e., tin]/ com- 



I recent it to you; you can ob- 

 eitetm of wtn only by ra( 



U'hi'ii the pronoun indirect object is in the third person 



Hiiitfiilur or plural, it must then bo ] r the direct 



Us I1OUK 



i joie OKI 



pll- 1'c.il 



AULT. 



. 



M '!' homines quo 



M'l III. 



DE MAINTBNON. 



On le lul donii' 



le lui 1'ivterez. 



Nous no le leur i>tvtcroua pas. 

 Vi.us le leur ; crir.'/. 



is sur :i|.pui cle 1'homme 

 <'<*( Diou, et vous vouloz le lui 

 rarir. BOISTK. 



Tiny will giee it to him. 

 You will lend it to him. 

 We will not lend it to them. 

 You, will write it to lln-in. 

 The surest support of man is God, 

 and you with to deprive him of it. 



(3.) Remark : The reflective pronoun 86, used as indirect ob- 

 uii i-xcfption to the above rule, as it takes precedence of 

 the direct object : 



Si les homines peuscnt mill les 

 uns lies autres, clu inoins ils ue 

 se le disent pas. ANONYMOUS. 



If men think ill of each other, at 

 lcn>t they do not say it to each other. 



(4.) The Rales (1.) and (2.), also the Exception (3.), apply to 

 the imperative used negatively : 



Ne nous le dounez pas [Rule 

 (1.)]. 



Ne le leur pri-tez pas [Rule 

 (2.)]. 

 I>u sang de taut de rois c'est 



1'uiiiqne bdritage ; 

 Ne me 1'enviez pas, laissez-moi 



mon partage. VOLTAIRE. 



Do not give it to iis. 

 Do not lend it to them. 



Of the blood of so many kings, it 

 i. in;; only inlteritance; do not envy 

 it (to me), leave me my portion. 



(5.) When the imperative used affirmatively has two pro- 

 nouns as objects, the pronoun direct object precedes the in- 

 direct object : 



Envoyez-le-moi. 

 Dounoz-le nous. 

 Montrez-le-moi, co mortel pri- 



V\lfg\6. BALLAtTCHE. 



Mets-le-tOi dans 1'csprit ; qui 

 fait mal, trouve mul. 



ANONYMOUS. 



Send it to me. 



Give it to us. 



Show him to me, that privileged 

 mortal. 



Put this into thy mind : he who 

 does evil, finds evil. 



(6.) Remark : The rules given for the place of personal pro- 

 nouns accompanying a verb in tho imperative do not apply to 

 its third persons, in regard to which the general rules given 

 hold good : 



Qu'on se le ilisc. 



Qu'il ue me 1'envoie pas. 



Qu'elle le lul donue. 



Let people say it to each other. 

 Let him not send it to me. 

 Let her give it to him. 



99. RULE ON THE PLACE OF PRONOUNS INDIRECT 

 OBJECTS REFERRING TO PERSONS. 



g 100. BULK ON TMB KEBI-BCTIVB USE or Lui, ELUI, 



AMD EH AMI> 



(1.) The personal pronouux lul, elle, eux, elles, used M in- 

 direct object* of verb* and preceded by a preposition, can only 

 relate to persons, and not to thing*. The expressions of < 

 it ; of or from them, when relating to things, should b* rendered 



by en [40, (17.)]:- 



.J'en parlo ; j'en donne. . 



J'uiino trop la valcur pour en 

 utro jaloux. LA H 



Celui qui cat dan* la prosplritl 

 doit cruiudre d'en abuser. 



FKMELON. 



7 speak of U, of them ; J -jit* torn*, 

 I prize valour too highly to U 



jtalmu of it. 



H vhn it in prttptrit-j should 



fear to abuse it. 



(2.) The relative pronoun y [ 40, (18.), 108], U used in 

 French in relation to things, sometimes to persons, M indirect 

 object (dative), and is expressed in English by at or to him, to 

 her, to it ; or to them ; thereto, therein, etc. : 



J'y Hongerai, I will think of it. 



C'est lorsque nous sommcs 

 eloignes de notre pays, que nous 

 Bentons surtout I'instiuct qui nous 

 y attache. CHATEAUBRIAND. 



Tous nos jours vont a la mort, 

 le dernier y arrive. MONTAIGNE. 



Les choses de la terre ne Talent 

 pas qu'on s'y attache. NICOLE. 



Faitet-y attention. Pay attention 

 [o it. 



It it when we are far from our 

 country that ve ftel, abort nil, tin 

 instinct vr/.ic/i nttacht* u to it. 



All our days travel toward* 

 death, the last one arrives at il 

 (reaches U). 



The tU\ngt of the earth art not 

 worth our attachment to thrm. 



NOTE. The pronoun en can only be used with rerbs which 

 require the preposition de ; and the pronoun y with verbs 

 which require the preposition a. 



101. PLACE OF EN AND Y. 



(1.) The place of en and y is the same as that prescribed by 

 Rule (!.), 97, for the personal pronouns. They are also sub- 

 ject to Exception (2.) and Remark (3.) of the same . See 

 examples above. 



(2.) En and y are always placed after the other pronouns 

 objects : 



II nous en a parle. 



II lul en a dit quelque chose. 



Porlez-lul-en. 



Ne nous en parlez pas. 



Je 1'y ai reuvo.\v. 



Kenvoyez-nous-y. 



Ne nous y reuvoyez pas. 



He has spoken to us of it. 



He has told him something of it. 



Speak to him of it. 



Do not speak to us of it. 



I have referred him to it. 



Refer, or tend us bac': to it. 



Do not rtfer iw to it. 



(3.) When en and y are in the same clause, en is always 

 placed after y : 



Envoyez-y-en. 



N'y en euvoyez pas. 



II y en a portti plusienrs. 



Send some there. 



Do not nd any there. 



He h<w carried several of thtTnthtrt. 



102. REPETITION OF THE PRONOUNS USED AS OBJECTS. 



These pronouns must, in French, be repeated before every 

 verb : 



Ah ! mon enfant, quo je vou- 



"VVhen a verb has for direct object a personal pronoun of tho drais Wen TOUS Toir un pen, vous 

 first or second person, and for indirect object, governed by a, entendre, vous ernbrasser, vous 

 a personal pronoun of the first, second, or third, all referring to | *oir passer. MME. DE SEVIONK. 

 persons, the personal pronoun direct object is placed as usual 

 before the verb, but tho preposition a is expressed and the pro- 

 noun indirect object is placed after it : 



Le roi m'envoie a VOUS. 

 Ils vous ont coufio a moL 

 II nous a recoininaiult's a 6UX. 

 II vous pri'sentera a elle. 



The Icing has sent me to you. 

 They have entrusted you to me. 

 He lias recommended M.I to them. 

 He will tii(rodi(C you to her. 



veni le Toir, le prior, le 

 presser, 1'iinportuner, le flVchir. 

 BESCUERELLB. 



Ah ! m-j fhild. \<nr I chmld likt 

 to set you for a tliort time, to hear 

 you, embrace you, stt you pas*. 



I trill see him, tntrtat him. prts* 

 htm, imjwrtNii* him, touch hi* heart. 



: 



103. THE POSSESSIVE .'RONOUN. 



(1.) The possessive pronoun, in French, is always preceded 

 by tin article [ 35, (2.), (3.)], which, as well as the pronoun 



