LESSONS IN GREEK. 



-od iu tho plooo of loathor, whilst several kind* arc 



Besides these and other in.lividual uses, 



tout seems to bare a special commission to 



.vork of Koavougers, by aiding tho multitudinous host 



i meets and other dovourera, in removing decayed 



i animal and vegetable), which, if loft to putrofy, 



t aiicos beoomo destructive both to tho comfort 



ud health of num. 



LESSONS IN GREEK. XLIIL 



STRENGTHENED STEMS (continued). 



Y. Verbs whose Pure Stem is strengthened by a reduplication 

 at Hie beginning. 



This reduplication consists in tho repetition of the first conso- 

 nant of tho stem in union with tho connecting vowel i. Only in 

 ..rbs does tho reduplication remain in the formation of 

 . To this class belong 



yiyvo/jiai (instead of yiy(vo/j.ai), I become (TEN), aor. fytvofj.r\v 

 (FENE-), perf. ytyttnjfj.a.1, I IMVO become, or yfyova with a 

 M-nt moaning, as I am (but ytyovuis xP avos > ^ ine P<*#t), 

 fut. yfin)crofj.ai. 



iriwro) (instead of irnrtr<a), I fall, imper. Trirtre (I1ET-), fut. 

 Tff(Tov/j.ai, aor. 2 firtffov, perf. irfirriaKa. 



Hero also belong several of the fourth class, as yiyvcafficu. 



VI. Verbs whose Pure Stem receives an c in the Present and 

 Imperfect. 



1. yap.fia, I marry (used of the man), perf. yeya/j.r)Ka; but fut. 



ya.fj.ii>, aor. 1 tyrjjua, mid. ya.fj.ovfj.ui, I am married (of the 

 woman in Lat. nubo), aor. fy7jfj.afj.rtv, perf. pass. yfya/j.i)fiai 

 (Liit. in matrimonium ducor), aor. fyafj.i]8riv, etc. 



2. SoKfw, I appear (in Lat. videor), I think, fut. 5o&>, aor. 1 



<5o(a, perf. pass. SfSoyfj.ai (Lat. visits sum), aor. p. fSoxOr/v. 



3. upfw, I shear, cut tlie hair, mid. upofj.ai, aor. eupafj.riv, but 



perf. fvprifj.at. 



4. udfca, I push, impf. etaOovv, fut. uffta and taBrjyu, aor. 1 twffa. 



and <i><ra, perf. eai/ta, mid. fut. axro/xai, aor. ftaaa.fj.riv, perf. 

 tiafffiat, aor. pass. fuffOrjv. 



VII. Verbs which in the Present and Imperfect have the Pure 

 Stem, but in the oilier Tenses have a Stem with e as tJie 

 Characteristic. (The e passes into i\ ; except axOopai and 



1. aAtt>, I ward off, fut. aAer7<ra> (the active is unusual in prose), 



mid. I ward off from myself, I defend myself, I punish, fut. 

 a\fr)ffo/j.ai, aor. jjAeayur;;/ (from AAEK). 



2. ax9ofj.ai, I am vexed, fut. ax9earofj.ai, aor. rjx^fa-drjv, fut. pass. 



ax9rQr\ffop.ai, of the same import as ax6f<ro/j.ai. 



3. ftovKto, I feed, pasture (intrans.), fut. /3oo-/oj<ra>, aor. 1 tftoff- 



Krja-a ; mid. with pass. aor. (fftoo-KrjOriv), I feed. 



4. 0ov\ofj.at, I am willing (2 pers. Pov\ti), fut. f3ov\riffouai, perf. 



/3fj3ouAr)/xai, aor. tfiovKriQriv and rjj3ouA.Tj07j<'. 



5. Sew, 1 lack, want (commonly as tho impers., 8e?, there is want, 



there is a necessity), subj. Sty, part. 5fot>, inf. 5ftv ; imperf. 

 eSf t, opt. Sfot, fut. SfTjfff t, aor. 1 eSerjirf, perf. SeSerj/ce ; mid. 

 Sfo/jLai, I need, fut. 8ei;<ro/xaj, aor. tStriBrjv, perf. ScSe^/uat. 



6. 0Aa> and 6t\u, I am willing, wis/i, imperl. r]6t\ov and cOcAoy, 



fut. (Of \r\ffta and 0(\t]<r<a, aor, 1 7j0fA7j<ra and efoATjcro, perf. 

 only r)df\i)Ka. 



7. eiAw, I press, I drive, enclose, fut. eiATjaw, perf. mid. or pass. 



c(A?;/xai, aor. pass. tiATjfhjv. 



8. EPOMAI, I osfc, aor. Tjpo/iTjr, J asfced, subj. tpia/jicu, opt. tpoi- 



/Luji', imper. epoD, fpfffOai, fpoutvos, fut. eprjoro/ia ; the other 

 tenses are supplied by tptarav. 



9. cpp&>, I go forth, fut. p/nj<rw, aor. 1 rippriffa, perf. rippr)Ka. 



10. euSco (commonly Kadci/Sw), J steep, fut. /cudci/STjcrai, aor. 1 



e(ca0fu57j(ra, perf. wanting. 



11. x w ^ AaWi 7wl(l, imperf. ttxov, aor. 2 TXOV, inf. (TX', 

 imper. (TXS, irapcurxes (M)> subj. (TX^, -J7J, Trapacrxw, irapa- 

 ffXJJJ, etc. ; opt. ay_oif\v (jui),but in composition vapatrxotm ; 

 part. (T^coi/ ; fut. !{<o and ax"n ffla t porf. terx^/ca, aor. mid. 

 ftrxofj.rjv ; subj. <rxa>M a <> opt. ffxotfJ.'nv, imper. ^xoi", irapa- 

 ffX ^! i R f- c-X" 7 ^ "' 'Topao'xfO'Oai, part, ffxo^vos, fut. c|uuai, 

 and (rxi?<rojua, perf. mid. or pass. <rxT)M a< > aor - pass. to-xfO?;*'. 



12. fvfjo, J coofc, fut. ^o/uoi, aor. ^rjcra, aor. pasa. ^I^^TJI', perf. 

 mid. or pass, r 



13. Ka9iioj, J neat, J set, I seat myself, imperf. Ka0<for, old Attic 

 KaOifai; fut. KaOia, aor. 1 tKoffiva, old Attic KuQlaa., perf. 



; mid. J ca< myself, I lit, fut. KaOifaffoptu, aor. 

 , I seated myself, I sat down; but ttaBt(oiuu, I seat 

 myself, I sit, imperf. ca0f {o^*/, fut. o9?oi//ia/. 



14. ixaxo^ai, I fight, contend, fut. /jax<>(</Mu (iniitead of naxtffofuu), 



aor. */iax0'A"?>'> perf. ft.ffutx'nf^u. 



15. /tcAAw, / t/urife <o, /am about to, I loiter; imperf. ^AAof and 



tj/i AAoi/, fut. /z*AA7j<rw, aor. 1 </iAArj(7o. 



10. ^if A ^oi T/OJ (Lat. curae mihi est aliffuid), I care for (the 

 first person, /xA, is rare), fut. /xAf)o-, aor. 1 </iAi)<r, 

 perf. fj,tfnf\riKt, 2 perf. /*</4i}A ; mid. ni\ofuu (commonly 

 firifj.f\ofjia.i, and very often also T</x<Aot//tai, / care for), fat. 

 t7r(^<Arj<rojuai, aor. tirtfj.( \riOrjv, perf. firi/jit fit \rtfuu. 



17. nvfa, I suck, fut. /jLvfyvw, etc. 



18. oo>, 7 smell, fut. O^TJITCO, aor. 1 vfqcra, perf. oScuSa (in Homer 

 and the later writers) with a present signification. 



19. oiofj.cu and oi/iai, J think, 2 pers. OKI, imperf. ifofujy and 



tf/j.rjv, fut. otrtffofj.a.1, aor. <fj\8i\v, onjdrivat, perf. wanting. 



20. oixo/tcu, / am out (Lat. aim), imperf. ifxoft-ijv, I came forth, 

 fut. otxnffofiat, I shall go forth, aor. wanting ; perf. 



J 7taue come forth (commonly only in combination, as 



XW')- 



21. o^tjAto, Jam liable, I owe, I must (Lat. debeo), fut. 



aor. 1 ox^etArjo-a, perf. a><p jArj/co ; aor. 2 axpcAoy, -j, - (1 

 and 2 plur. not in use), with the infinitive in expressions of 

 a wish (Lat. u<inam). 



22. TreTo/uoi, / fly, fut. irTTjo'o/ttai, aor. eirrojurji', mtffGa.i (not SO 

 often firra/j.riv, -/x<), porf. ircirorri/j.a.i. 



23. x a 'P a> > I rejoice, fut. xo/>?0~<, aor. x a f"/*' (/") P 61 ^- Kx a P 7 J <ta - 

 With these verbs may be classed several liquid verbs, which, 



however, form the future and the aorist regularly : for example, 

 /iei/oi, I remain,, perf. pfutvriKa, otherwise regular ; pcpw, I divide, 

 fut. pe/uo), aor. 1 (vtifta, perf. vfvt^Ka., mid. vffj.ufj.ai, fut. vffj.ovu.ai, 

 aor. fvfi(j.a/j,riv, perf. mid. or pass, vfvffj.rifj.ai, aor. pass. 



EXERCISE 129. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. Of <rrpaT<a>Tcu TOUS iroAe/uious oA{7jo - o/'Taj. 2. MTJ ax^< 

 uTrep cbv rifiapravfrf f\fyxof-fvoi. 3. 'O ITOI/XTJC 

 ev rots opetrt fioffitrifffi. 4. Ot ffrpariuiTat firi rovs iroAf/iiovi 

 ffrparfvfffdai f/3ov\ridria'av. 5. Tots crrpantarais tv rrj iro\(fj.ia yri 

 riav fmrriSftcav Serjcret. 6. riAouo-ios 0"Tii/ oi/x' ^ iroAAa /CXTTJ- 

 utvos, aAA" i fiixpuv Sfr}ffOfj.fvos. 7. IloAuSeiKCTjy ou5e floj rjfleATjir* 

 fiovos, oAAa fj.a\\ov rifj.i9fos ffuv r<f a$f\(f>ci> yfvtffBai. 8. Ol ftap- 

 apoi WTTO TO>^ 'EAArjj/ai^ SiaJx^e^Tfy, eiy TOV itora.tj.ov fiXTjOriaav. 



EXERCISE 130. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. The booty was divided. 2. I will divide the booty. 3. The 

 city will punish the enemy. 4. My son, do not be vexed when 

 reproved for thy sins. 5. Good boys are not vexed when reproved 

 for their sins. 6. I will make an expedition against Athens. 

 7. They smell of perfume. 8. The soul will fly up to heaven. 

 9. Good men rejoice at good. 10. Our soldiers have need of 

 provisions (necessaries). 11. A good man will care for his chil- 

 dren, and good children will care for their parents. 



VIII. Verbs whose Tenses are formed from different Roots, 

 connected only in signification. 



1. alpfca, I take (e.g. a city), fut. aipriffu. perf. jJpTjKo, aor. 2 fl\or, 



t\fiv ('EA), aor. pass. rjpfOriv, fut. pass. oupedTjao/iai ; mid. / 

 choose, fnt. aiprjaojuat, aor. tl\ofiriv, perf. mid. or pass, yprifuu ; 

 fut. 3 ypijffofiai. 



2. epxM a 'i I 9i ^ come (the other moods and the participles 



are borrowed from Ijui ; accordingly />xojuoi, iw, iOt, ifvcu, 

 tv) ; imperf. ripxofJ-riv, commonly aor. rjtiv or pa, opt loiju ; 

 fut. t?ut, I shall go (ft<i>, I shall come), perf. A7jAu0a, aor. 2 

 rjAfloo, subj. f\8ta, opt. A0o//, imper. A0f, inf. cAfleix, part. 

 f \6oiv, root EAT8. 



3. fffditD, I eat, imperf. i\a6iov, fut. cSo/uu, perf. cSqSoKa ; (+AF) 



aor. 2 t<j>ayov, <(>aytiv, perf. mid. or pass. (5q8r/uu, aor. paw. 

 rtS(ffOt]i>, (EIA) aor. 2 tioov, tow, i5oi,ui, i5c, lOfiv, iouv; pert. 2 

 o<Sa, I know. 



4. 6pa<a, I see, I behold, imperf. tupuv, perf. itapaica ; (IA) aor. 1 



tioov, (Oil) fut. oifo/uoj, 2 pers. otyti ; mid. or pass. 6paouai, 

 upia/j.ai, perf. mid. or pass. tuyduo or w/x^tcu, w\^at, etc., inf. 

 <a<f>9ai ; aor. mid. ft5o/j.riv, lOfffdai, iSoD, also iSov, behold, lo ! 

 (Lat. ecce !), aor. pass. dxpOrjv, o<t>fiijvai, fut. opOriffoncu. 



5. Tpx<> ^ "*i (APAM) fut. Spapovfuu, aor. 2 (Spoftor, pert 



perf. pass, in compounds 



