LESSONS IN GREEK. 





{&.) Verbi with a Stem terminating in a Consonant, at o\-\u-m 

 (OA-), I destroy, and un-w-m (OM-), I swear. 



Hid. and POM. 

 Pros. oA-AO./i (Lat. perdo). ofi-vv-fu ; ofj.-fv-fj.ai. 



o\-\d-n<u (pereo). 



Imp. ta\-Mi-v. un-vi>-v; 



1 iVrf. oA-a>A-*a (OAEfl), per- ofi-tffto-Ka. ; O 



_' IVrf. oA-wA-a, perii. 



1 I'lup. aiA-a>A-K(K <t/n. 



, c.A-ttiA-f 



Fut. oA-<i, 



on-vft.o-y-ti.ijv. 



I/A-.M uai, -?7. 

 a!A-<ra. 



ofj.-ovft.ai, -{/. 



2 Aor. 



/uTjc. Uft.o-0a ; uft.o-aaft.riv. 



1 A. P. <afj.o-a-6r)v. 

 1 F. P. ono-ff-Briffopat. 



10 present and imperfect there is another form with the 

 v short, namely, oAAu-oi, wAAu-oc; ofivv-u, u>ft.vv-ov. 



The present, the first perfect, and the first pluperfect have a 

 transitive signification ; thus, pros. / destroy, 1 perf. / have 

 destroyed, 1 plup. / had destroyed ; and the 2 perf. and 2 plup. 

 have an intransitive meaning, as 2 perf. / have perished (I am 

 lost, it is all oven- with me), 2 plup. J perished. The middle of 

 oAAufu, namely, oAAu/xai, signifies / am. perishing. 



(1.) In particular instances belonging to this class of verbs 

 "the stem ends in a vowel, and takes vvv. 



Verbs whose Stem ends in a. 



1. Kfpa-vvii-fit, I mix; fut. Kfpaffu, Attic K(pia ; aor. (Ktpaffa; perf. 

 KtKpa.ua. ; mid., / mix for myself, aor. (K(patraft.nv ; perf. mid. 

 or pass. KtKpa.ft.ai ; aor. pass, titpadriv (by metathesis), also 



2. Kptft.a.-vyv-ft.i, I hang ; fut. Kptn&ffca, Attic Kpt/j.ia ; aor. (Kpt^aaa; 



mid. or pass. Kpt/j.a.i'vuiJ.a.i, I hang myself or am hanged, but 

 Kpffta.ft.ai, I hang ; fut. pass. Kpfft.aff6r)ffo/j.at ; aor. fttptfiaaQriv, 

 I was hanged or I fciing (intrans.). 



3. irfra-vi'ii-fj.i, I spread out, I open; fut. irercuro), Attic ireTw ; 



perf. mid. or pass, irtirrdyueu (by syncope), aor. pass. 



tKfraff6ijv. 



Verbs whose Stem ends in t. 

 1. f-vvi>-tt.i, I clothe (in prose ajutpicpft/ui) ; imperf. a./j.<pitvvov, 



without augment; fut. aiMptttru, Attic au.<pLw ; aor. rnj.<t>it<ra; 



perf. aor. wanting ; perf. mid. or pass. r]u.<pi(ffna.i, yfjupiftrat, 



i)n<pifffTai, etc. ; inf. 7jju<<e<r(?ai ; fut. mid. a/j.<pitffonai, Attic 



afj.ipwvua.i. 

 .2. t-vvi>-m, I boil (transitive), fut. rw; aor. tt<ra ; perf. mid. 



or pass. t^tffjucu ; aor. pass. {{tffBrjv (eo> is commonly in- 



transitive). 

 3. (T&t-wv-fit, I extinguish, fut. v&tata ; aor. tff&fva ; 2 aor. 



(ff&rjv, I went out, I was extinguished; perf. fffflrj/ca, I have 



been put out ; mid. fffta/vvfiai, I go out ; perf. inid. or pass. 



fffBtofiat ; aor. pass. tff&tffQnv. There is no other vero in 



vvvu.1, except this, with a second aorist. 

 -4. mopt-wu-fu, I spread over, fut. a-ropfaai, Attic <rropS> ; aor. 



fffropiaa. 



Verbs whose Stem ends in o, lengthened into u. 

 J. fa-wii-m, I giri.l, fut. faffta ; aor. tfaffa; mid. I gird myself, 



aor. tfaffafinv ; perf. mid. or pass, ffaffpat. 

 Z. pu-vvv-m, I strengthen ; fut. friaau ; aor. tppwaa. ; perf. mid. or 



pass. tppu>na.i (fpptaro, vale, farewell) ; inf. fpptaffdai ; aor. 



pass. (fpuffOnv. 

 S. <Trpta-vvO-m, I spread out; fut. ffrpoxru ; aor. tffrpuffa, etc. 



(see ffT<.f,twvft.i). 



4. xp-* / "i'-M> I colour; fut. xP wffta '. aor. txp' ' 70 ; P^rf. mid. or 



pass. Htxpuffftou ; imp. txp<aoQi)v. 



(2.) Verbs whoso stem ends in a consonant and takes vv are 

 the following : 

 1. vy-vv-m, I break ; fut. o ; aor. a{a ; inf. aa ; 2 perf. fd-ya, 



/ have been broken ; aor. pass. tacYnv. 

 ~2. dpy-vv-m (or tlpyw), I restrain, enclose ; fnt. 'p(w ; aor. 



tipla. ; aor. pass. flpxOnf ; perf. mid. or pass, tlpyuai (but 



p>u>, *ip(w, *ip|o, / cxc/ud). 

 -3. C*'O'-'j-* 1 '. I J/*' (> . WnJ; fut. Cf? ! ar. fC' u { : m >d. 1 bind 



for myself; aor. ttva/j.T)i' ; perf. mid. or paos. ** iry^ai ; 



aor. pass. ^i/x e7 /"' and more commonly tfaiiv. 

 1. UI^-^O-MI, / mia: ; fut. utfw ; aor. c/ui{o, /uifoi ; perf. M'M'X a 5 



perf. mid. or pans, ntfuyfuu ; aor. p*M. <x* l ) t '. /">* ; fut 

 pain. uix^JjffOMai, ^tyijirofuu ; 3 fut. (itM'i"^^'- 

 5. piry-vv-m, / 6reaA:, / (ear; fut. p")( ; aor. ^(a; 2 pert 

 fppwya, I am broken ; aor. mid. t^p^nnnv ; aor. pau. d 

 yi\v ; fut. jiiiH 



INFLECTIONS OF THE TWO PRB8BNT-PERrBCT FOEM8, 



I lie, AND ttnat, I tit, 

 Perf. Ind. K<^UU, K(?<ra<, Kttrai, j>ea, I<r, Ktlyreu ; ubj. 



KWM : *p, K*nTa<, etc.; imperat r<ro, .<Tft, etc. j 



inf. K((r0a<, part, icttfitfut. 

 Plup. Ind. ttcttnvv, tKfttro, tKtiro, 3 plur. <Kirro ; opt. <co/tijf. 



K*oto, Ktotro, etc. 

 Fut. KCiffOAiai. 



'Hjuai, / si<, is thus conjugated : 

 Perf. Ind. fifuu, fiaai, riyrat, ?i/u*0a, faQt, fimai : imperat. 5ro, 



^o-Ow, etc.; inf. ^<r0a< ; part, ^/xtcot. 

 Plup. ^A"?" ^0"<>i fao, butOa, 1]ff6f, IIVTO. 



(As the perfect form has a present meaning, BO in both verb* 



the pluperfect is equivalent to the imperfect.) 

 Perf. K00J7juat, (caflrjuai, KaB-qrai ; snbj. xaOwncu, KaBy, KaBrrrcu ; 



imperat. KaOyffo ; inf. KaBf/ffOat ; part. Ka6r)/j.fvos. 

 Plup. (Ka.Bijft.rii' and KaflTj/xTji/, t/ca07)<ro and KaBnffo, (KaOirro and 

 KaBijffro ; opt. Ka8oifj.r)v, xadoio, naGono. 



VERBS IN O) WHICH IN THE SECOND AORIST ACTIVE AND 

 MIDDLE FOLLOW THE ANALOGY OF THE VERBS IN /J.I. 



Several verbs, having the characteristics a, c, o, v, form a 

 second aorist active and middle after the analogy of the forma- 

 tions in /i(, since those tenses want the mood-vowel, and append 

 the person-endings immediately to the stem. All other parts 

 of these verbs, however, follow the formations in u ; thus 

 PCUM (BAfl), I step, has 2nd aor. indie, t&vv, imperat. &rjOi, gab. 



&w, opt. 0aii7i>, infin. ftyvcu ; part. /3. 

 <r/3f/j/u/ui (2BEfl), / put out, 2 aor. ta&nv, imperat. ffflriOi, sub. 



<rj8o> ; opt. a&tii)v, inf. (rBnvat, part, a&tts. 

 ytyvuffKtu (FNOH), I learn, 2 aor. tyviav, imperat. yvuOi, sub. 



yv<a, opt. yvoinv, inf. 7^01^01, part, yvovs. 

 Svu, I cover, 2 aor. eSOc, imperat. 8i/0i, inf. &t,vai, part. 8ui (opt. 



and subj. follow the formation of verbs in o>). 



The formation of this second aorist active corresponds in all 

 the moods and the participle to that of the second aorist active 

 of the verbs in jut. The characteristic vowel is lengthened 

 throughout, as in tarijv, a. and t being changed into TJ, o into a-, 

 and into 0, and so remains, as in t<ni\v, through all the in- 

 dicative, imperative, and infinitive. The imperative termination, 

 TJ<?, in verbs with a for the characteristic vowel, is abridged into 

 a, as vpoBa. instead of irpoBrtBi. 



In ordinary style the second aorist middle is found in very 

 few verbs, as irerojuai, I fly ; irpiaffOat, I purchase. 



KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN GREEK. XLV. 



EXERCISE 133. GREEK-ENGLISH. 



1. Good men do not omit their duty through sleep. 2. Do not give 

 up what is known aud follow that whicb is unknown. 3. Many men 

 desire wealth. 4. Xerxes is said to have let down fetters into the 

 Hellespont, as if, forsooth, to punish it. 5. It is not easy to hold 

 back a stone when you have let it go from your hand with force, or a 

 word from your tongue. 6. Hercules, having 1 pursued the boar of 

 Eryinauthus into a deep snow-drift with his shouting, ensnared him 

 as he lay there. 7. The Nile empties itself into the sea by seven 

 mouths. 8. Whatever shall come after, the gods provide for. 9. If 

 you are (since you are) mortal, the best of men thiuk also mortal 

 thoughts. 10. While you ore young, remember that you will once be 

 old. 11. Be just, that you may obtain justice. 12. When might is 

 present, law has no power. 13. May I be happy and dear to the gods. 



EXERCISE 134. ENGLISH-GREEK. 



1. Ifftfi. 2. ITU. a U. 4. l-.ni-. ^ E^CMO""- 6 >" ? tmtr. 8. 



lovTUV. 9. It/.. 10. Atd&K .001. 11. A-)H00I TTC. 12. A^uflo. CffTWV. 13. 



Ef.r|>". 14. KaC.nt. 15. ripcxrrjfout.. 16. ti>.. 17. laffiv. IS. Hitit. 19. 

 Huri*. 20. 'O a^afot OMTOTC uttinoa TU Atorra trpaTTCiv. 21. IloAAm a^.vrec 

 Ta ipavcpa Aiaiiova, ra ufiain. 22. Stofm < TOf 'tXAn<rvoi-roi> utAat naCn- 

 >. 23. Or 3a rnt ^\*>o<rrtc aAAa A. ?> ai0pwirof fi\<n (po. ar 71 rocro. 

 24. A<aioi tatt i*a KOI &a<a Ttx^rf. 25. 4'iXat (f>i\ov xai anortot ^>po>- 

 Tif. 26. 'Ore 01 vuXruiu. fit riif TO\I> tioijtaar r.nt^iv^otr 01 iroA<Tai. 27. 

 AITITC, w waidcc. 28. -i TOM trTpar.wrat airo rqc vo\M aviffoi. 29. A 



